Tissues

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out specialized activities

Question 2

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

Answer 2

• Epithelial (skin)
• Connective
• Muscular
• Nervous

Question 3

What is the function of epithelial tissues?

Answer 3

Covers body’s surfaces, lines body cavities, lines hollow organs, lines ducts and forms cells. Cells are closely packed together, top surface and bottom surface

Question 4

Characteristics of epithelial tissues

Answer 4

Avascular (no blood vessels) - adjacent connective tissues supply nutrients and remove wastes
Have a nerve supply
Have high capacity for renewal through cell division

Question 5

How are epithelial tissues classified?

Answer 5

By shape and arrangement (layers) of cells

Question 6

Name the shapes of epithelial tissues

Answer 6

Squamous (flat and scale-like)
Cuboidal (cube shaped)
Columnar (higher than they are wide, shaped like columns)
Transitional (varying shapes that can stretch)

Question 7

Name the arrangements of epithelial tissues

Answer 7

Simple (single layer of cells of the same shape)
Stratified (many layers of cells; named for the shape of the cells in the outer layer)
Pseudostratified (appears to have multiple layers of cells because the nuclei are at different levels in the tissue)

Question 8

Connective tissues are the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body. What are the functions of the connective tissues?

Answer 8

• Binds together, supports and strengthens other body tissues (tendons, ligaments).
• Protects and insulates internal organs (adipose tissues).
• Major transport system in the body (blood)
• Major site of stored energy in reserves (adipose tissues)
• Main site of immune response (lymphatic system)
• Support and framework (bones)

Question 9

What are connective tissues made up of?

Answer 9

• Cells (relatively few)

- Intercellular matrix (materials between cells containing fibres, secreted by connective tissue cells)

Question 10

What is the intercellular matrix?

Answer 10

Every connective tissue has specific properties based on their matrix. Consists of fluid, gel or solid ground substance plus protein fibres.

Question 11

What are the 3 types of connective tissue fibres?

Answer 11

• Collagen fibres - strong and flexible, found in most types of connective tissues (bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments)
• Elastic fibres - smaller, stretch and return to original length (found in skin, wall of blood vessels, lungs)
• Reticular fibres - provide support and strength, form the basement membrane, play a supporting role of soft organs

Question 12

What are the 7 classifications of connective tissues?

Answer 12

1 - areolar connective tissue
2 - adipose or fat tissue
3 - (dense) fibrous connective tissue
4 - bone
5 - cartilage 
6 - blood
7 - hematopoietic tissue

Question 13

What are areolar connective tissues?

Answer 13

Most widely distributed tissues, also called loose connective tissues. Makes up the fascia (fibrous material that binds skin, muscles, bones and other organs together). May develop into fat tissue when it begins to store lipids.

Question 14

What are adipose tissues?

Answer 14

Fat tissues. Fat accumulates in the adipose cells. Helps to maintain homeostasis by controlling heat loss as fat acts as an insulator. Can also produce heat in some cases. Fats are used to protect, thermoregulate, energy storage/reserve (if we run out of sugars we will burn fats)

Question 15

What are dense fibrous connective tissues?

Answer 15

Thick bundles of strong, white collagen fibres arranged in parallel rows. Strong and flexible but does not stretch. Anchors muscles to bones (ex. tendons)

Question 16

What is bone as a connective tissue?

Answer 16

Made up of collagen. Matrix of bone is hard and calcified (stores calcium). Bones are a storage area for calcium and provide support and protection

Question 17

What is cartilage as a connective tissue?

Answer 17

Matrix of cartilage is the consistency of a firm plastic. Gel like material, ex. nose, ears

Question 18

What is blood as a connective tissue?

Answer 18

Matrix of liquid which allows for transportation function.

Question 19

What is hematopoietic tissue as a connective tissue?

Answer 19

Much like blood but found in red bone marrow, responsible for the formation of all blood cells

Question 20

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

Answer 20

1 - skeletal muscle tissue (connected to bones)
2 - cardiac muscle tissue (found in heart)
3 - smooth muscle tissue (visceral/internal organs)

Question 21

Are skeletal muscle tissues voluntary or involuntary? Striated or non-striated?

Answer 21

Voluntary, striated

Question 22

Are cardiac muscle tissues voluntary or involuntary? Striated or non-striated?

Answer 22

Involuntary, striated

Question 23

Are smooth muscle tissues voluntary or involuntary? Striated or non-striated?

Answer 23

Involuntary, non-striated

Question 24

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 24

Rapid communication between body structures and control of body functions

Question 25

What are the 2 types of nerve cells and what do they do?

Answer 25

1 - Neurons (nerve cells): conduction cells, convert stimuli into nerve impulses and conduct them
2 - Glia (neuroglia): supporting cells, responsible for supporting, nourishing and protecting neurons (NO IMPULSES)