Flashcards in Skin Deck (352)
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270
Sebaceous carcinoma: Hormonal receptor.
Androgen receptor (demonstrable by IHC).
271
Sebaceous carcinoma: Predictors of poor prognosis (5).
Size greater than 1 cm.
Poor differentiation.
Multicentricity.
Extensive invasion of tissues.
Lymphovascular invasion.
272
Sebaceous carcinoma: Behavior in the Muir-Torre syndrome.
Much less likely to metastasize.
273
Giant congenital nevus: Benign associations (2).
Leptomeningeal melanocytosis.
Neurological disorders.
274
Giant congenital nevus: Malignant associations (2).
Melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.
275
Giant congenital nevus: Typical histologic feature.
Infiltration of nevus cells into septa of subcutaneous fat.
276
Congenital melanocytic nevus: Histology (2).
Nevus cells congregate around adnexa and blood vessels and infiltrate between collagen bundles.
277
Congenital melanocytic nevus: Histologic pitfall.
Presence of occasional mitotic figures in dermal nodules does not make it a melanoma.
278
Spitz nevus: Mitotic figures.
May be present but are usually not atypical and do not occur at the base of the lesion.
279
Spitz nevus: Non-melanocytic histology (3).
Epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and orthokeratosis.
Papillary dermal vascular ectasia.
Patchy perivascular lymphocytes and histiocytes.
280
Halo nevus:
A. Age group.
B. Anatomic site.
A. Children and young adults.
B. Back.
281
Halo nevus: Histology of melanocytes.
Early: Large and atypical.
Late: Absent.
282
Special sites of melanocytic nevi (6).
Scalp.
Acral skin.
Periauricular skin.
Periumbilical skin.
Breasts.
Genitals.
283
Lentigo maligna: Clinical definition.
Melanoma in situ on sun-exposed skin.
284
Superficial spreading melanoma.
Melanoma with extensive pagetoid spread.
285
Clark's levels.
I: Melanoma in situ.
II: Extension into papillary dermis.
III: Filling of papillary dermis.
IV: Extension into reticular dermis.
V: Extension into subcutis.
286
Genes implicated in the pathogenesis of melanoma (6).
CMM1.
p16.
CDK4.
BRAF.
NRAS.
MEK (a kinase of MAP kinase).
287
Desmoplastic melanoma: Immunohistochemistry.
Positive: S100.
Negative: Mart-1, HMB45.
288
Angiokeratoma: Non-vascular histology.
Epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis.
289
Cavernous hemangioma: Syndromes (3).
Maffucci's: CH + multiple enchondromas.
Kasabach-Merritt: CH with thrombosis leading to consumptive coagulopathy.
Blue-rubber-bleb: CH + vascular proliferations in the gastrointestinal tract.
290
Pyogenic granuloma vs. bacillary angiomatosis.
Bacillary angiomatosis contains clumps of granular basophilic material in which bacilli can be identified with Warthin-Starry or Giemsa stain.
291
Kaposi's sarcoma: Epidemiological types (4).
Classic: Elderly men in S. and E. Europe.
Endemic: Young natives of Central Africa.
Epidemic: HIV patients.
Iatrogenic: Immunosuppressed patients.
292
Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma: Anatomic sites.
Trunk, mucous membranes.
293
Kaposi's sarcoma, patch stage: Histology (3).
Slit-like spaces between collagen bundles.
Promontory sign.
Extravasated red blood cells.
294
Kaposi's sarcoma, plaque stage: Histology (3).
Short fascicles of spindle cells.
Diffuse proliferation of irregular vascular spaces.
Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules.
295
Kaposi's sarcoma, nodular stage: Histology (4).
Spindle cells and vascular spaces form nodules.
Nuclear atypia and mitotic figures.
Extravasated red cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
Conspicuous hyaline globules.
296
Kaposi's sarcoma, late aggressive stage: Histology.
Resembles aggressive sarcoma.
297
Kaposi's sarcoma: Special staining of hyaline globules.
PAS positive, diastase resistant.
298
Epithelioid angiosarcoma: Morphology of neoplastic cells.
Large and pleomorphic; abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; large nucleus with large nucleolus.
299
