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Skin Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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2
Q

What is the Epidermis?

A

outer layer

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3
Q

What is the Dermis?

A

deep layer

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4
Q

What is the Hypodermis?

A

below the skin, underlies the 2 main skin layers

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5
Q

What is the function of the Epidermis?

A

to produce outer squamous, Protective layer

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6
Q

What is located on the epidermis?

A

hair follicles and glands are here, sensory nerve endings

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7
Q

What are sensory nerve endings?

A

how animal interacts with external environment

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Epidermis?

A

Outer and Inner

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9
Q

What is the outer part of the Epidermis?

A

is far from nutrients, cells change and die, slough off

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10
Q

What is an injury to the outer part of Epidermis called?

A

erosion

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11
Q

What is the inner part of the Epidermis?

A

active mitotic, “Basal” lay where cells develop

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12
Q

What is an injury to the inner part of the epidermis called?

A

ulcer

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13
Q

How will an ulcer heal?

A

with a scar

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14
Q

How long does it take for the basal layer of cells to grow out to the superficial layer?

A

6 weeks

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15
Q

In allergy cases with food elimination trials, the new food must be fed exclusively for how long?

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

With food elimination for allergy cases, being fed exclusively allows what to happen to all damaged cells reflecting the allergy symptoms?

A

to grow out and slough off

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17
Q

If a new diet have addressed the allergy the new skin will be what?

A

healthy and symptom free

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18
Q

What is the function of the Dermis?

A

support, nourish the epidermis

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19
Q

What is located in the Dermis?

A

pigment cells containing melanin

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20
Q

What does the Dermis contain?

A

arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatics, and nerves

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21
Q

Deep arteries and veins in animals means what?

A

less cooling, burns less obvious

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22
Q

In the Dermis, what passes through to epidermis?

A

sensory nerves, especially tactile hairs

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23
Q

In the Dermis, what nerves supply blood vessels, sweat and sebaceous glands, and arrector pili muscle?

A

Sympathetic nerve

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24
Q

What is the function of the Hypodermis?

A

store fat, act as a heat insulator, support upper layers, shock absorber

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25
What in the Hypodermis allows the skin to move?
loose connective tissue
26
What does the Hypodermis often contain?
fat layer with blood vessels traveling through
27
What is located under foot pads of dogs and cats?
shock absorber
28
Hypodermic needles suggests the needle is being placed in what layer?
Hypodermis
29
Hypodermic shots might be placed in what layer?
Hypodermis
30
Subcutaneous shots are placed where?
Subcutaneous muscle
31
Intradermal shots are placed where?
dermis
32
Glabrous skin has no what?
hair
33
Where is glabrous skin located?
inner leg, lower abdomen of many species
34
How should glabrous skin be taken advantage of?
use for ultrasound studies
35
What does alopecia mean?
abnormal hair loss
36
What is a cuticle?
thin clear outer covering on hair
37
What is a cortex?
outer layer where pigment granule cluster arrangement produces coat color
38
What is the Medulla?
inner core of hair
39
Air in the Medulla will do what?
make hair without pigment appear silver or white
40
What is the Dermal Papilla?
base where hair grows
41
When does a sebaceous gland empty?
empties when hair is raised by arrector pili muscle
42
Does hair grow continuously?
no
43
What does Anagen mean?
growing
44
What does Catagen mean?
transition
45
What does Telogen mean?
resting period, where hair stays in follicle until it falls out, is pushed out by new hair growing or is pulled out
46
Hair is nearly all what?
protein
47
What does hair require much of in order to grow?
anabolic activity
48
What is anabolic activity?
constructive metabolism
49
Ill health or disease does what to anagen?
shortens it
50
What happens to the hair coat when an animal is ill or has a disease?
begins to look bad, hairs fall out
51
What will an animal not waste protein on when they are sick?
hair growth
52
Poor diet, pregnancy, stress triggers what?
telogen and hairs fall out
53
In pregnancy the requires requires much what?
protein
54
What may happen post-whelping or during lactation to the mother?
hair might fall out
55
Seasonal shedding is what?
normal
56
Light to heavy shedding happens when?
at summer/winter transition
57
Heavy to light shedding happens when?
winter/summer transition
58
Seasonal shedding is largely triggered by what?
photoperiod
59
What is a ragged tip?
chewed off
60
What is a pointed tip?
not chewed off, fell out pushed by new hair forming below
61
Normal to short hair takes how long to regrow?
130 days (4 months)
62
How long does it take for long hair to regrow?
18 months (1 1/2 years)
63
"Post clipping alopecia" may occur due to what?
chilling of the skin and reduced blood supply
64
What is required for "post clipping alopecia"?
longer regrowth time
65
Hair may grow faster when?
in the summer
66
Sebaceous glands have what kind of secretion?
waxy
67
Where are sebaceous glands found?
hair follicle, ear canal, eyelid, and genitals
68
What does increased secretion in the sebaceous gland help with in the ear canal?
irritation
69
What does the sebaceous gland help with in the eyelid?
helps keep tears on eye
70
What does the sebaceous gland help with in the genitals?
smegma, bean in horse
71
Sweat glands have what kind of secretion?
fluid
72
What animal sweats readily?
horses
73
Do other animals sweat?
no
74
How do other animals cool off if they don't sweat?
via respiratory system
75
Combination glands have what kind of secretion?
mix of waxy and fluid
76
Where are some notable locations of combination glands?
anal glands and tail glands
77
Where are the anal glands located?
one on each side of the anus
78
Where are the tail glands located?
dorsal surface of tail about 2 inches from the base
79
What kind of shape does the tail gland have in a dog?
oval
80
What kind of shape does the tail gland have in the cat?
length of tail
81
What are some examples of modified epidermis or dermis without hypodermis?
horns, claws, dewclaws, hooves, chestnuts, and ergots
82
Where are Ergots located?
posterior lower leg at fetlock, digits II and V
83
What is Blastomycosis?
fungal disease that can attack skin
84
What does Blastomycosis look like?
bumpy skin and draining sores with a mucous discharge
85
What does zoonotic mean?
a disease that animals can pass to humans
86
What does an autoimmune disease do characteristically?
attacks mucocutaneous junctions
87
What are mucocutaneous junctions?
where skin meets mucous membrane
88
Is autoimmune disease contagious to people?
no
89
A skin lesion is the skin's response to what?
disease and injury
90
No matter the insult, the skin only has a few what?
possible responses
91
Skin responds with what?
surface lesions, fluid filled lesions, and erosive lesions
92
What are some surface lesions?
papule, plaque, macule, patch, scale, crust, hive
93
What is a papule?
a small solid raised lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter
94
What is a plaque?
a solid raised lesion that is greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
95
What is a macule?
a flat discolored lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter
96
What is a patch?
a flat discolored lesion that is greater than 1 cm in diameter
97
What is a scale?
a flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells
98
What is a crust?
a collection of dried serum and cellular debris
99
What is a hive?
a smooth slightly elevated swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin, usually accompanied by itching
100
Definition of hive
a well-defined, elevated, edematous skin lesion associated with an acute hypersensitivity reaction
101
What can a hive also be called?
wheal
102
What is urticaria?
an allergic reaction
103
What are some fluid filled lesions?
cyst, pustule, vesicle, and bulla
104
What is a cyst?
a closed sack or much containing fluid or semisolid material
105
What is a pustule?
a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus
106
What is a vesicle?
a circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter
107
What is a bulla?
a large vesicle that is more than 0.5 cm in diameter
108
What are some erosive lesions?
fissure and ulcer
109
What is a fissure?
a groove of crack-like sore
110
What is an ulcer?
an open sore or erosion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss
111
Why do ulcers heal with scarring?
because the germinal layers of the skin have been damaged
112
Erosions are what?
superficial
113
What happens to the germinal layer with erosions?
it is not damaged
114
Ulcers are what?
deep
115
What sequence of lesions makes one suspect a virus?
papule, vesicle, pustule, and crust
116
What sequence of lesions makes one suspect an autoimmune disease?
papule, vesicle, pustule, and crust
117
Once a lesion is ruptured a sample is what?
no good

Anatomy (13 decks)

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