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Integumentary 1 - Midterm > Skin - Class 1 > Flashcards

Skin - Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

another name for the skin

A

integument

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2
Q

the skin is the _____ to the body

A

mirror

reflects status of health of the body
-color
-temp
-etc.

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3
Q

what is the first line of defense

A

the skin
-bacteria
-trauma
-fluid loss
-keeps out microbes

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4
Q

skin is a ______ _____ of the body

A

major organ

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5
Q

how much of the body does the skin cover

A

entire body

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6
Q

how much does skin represent –> body mass

A

8-15%

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7
Q

how thick is skin

A

varies between 1.5-4mm thick

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8
Q

where is skin the thickest

A

palm and sole of feet

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9
Q

where is skin thinnest

A

eyelids

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10
Q

fxns of the skin

A

acts as a barrier

limits/regulates heat loss

sensation

excretion/absorption

biochemical

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11
Q

acts as a barrier –> fxn

A

infection/dehydration

thermal and mechanical trauma

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12
Q

limits/regulates heat loss –> fxn

A

perspiration

children’s regulatory processes are immature –> trouble regulating high/low temps

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13
Q

sensation –> fxns

A

skin is a major sensory organ

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14
Q

excretion/absorption –> fxn

A

waste products

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15
Q

biochemical –> fxn

A

formation of vitamin D

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16
Q

2 types of skin

A

thin/hairy

thick/hairless

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17
Q

thin/hairy skin

A

most of the body, more prevalent

general cutaneous fxn

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18
Q

general cutaneous fxn

A

sensory endings

general protective fxn

hair follicles

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19
Q

thick/hairless skin

A

extra strength

frictional surface

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20
Q

thick/hairless skin has increased

A

sweat glands and nerve endings

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21
Q

frictional surface is used for –> thick/hairless

A

locomotion and manipulation

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22
Q

where is thick/hairless skin located

A

palms and hand

sole of feet

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23
Q

the layers of the skin are a

A

intimate association

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24
Q

intimate association

A

b/w 2 layers w/ a third layer underneath

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25
3 layers of skin
epidermis dermis hypodermis (subcutaneous)
26
epidermis is
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
27
what layer is the epidermis
superficial layer barrier to the outside world
28
thickness of epidermis
0.06 mm to 0.6 mm
29
what does the epidermis contain
pigmentation keratin merkel cells langerhans cells
30
pigmentation -->epidermis
melanocytes melanin
31
melanocytes
manufactures melanin
32
melanin
mature cells give skin its color
33
keratin--> epidermis
has different levels of maturity keratinocytes
34
merkel cells
mechanoreceptors related to light touch
35
langerhaans cells
prevent against infection
36
epidermal appendages are also called
dermal appendages
37
where are epidermal appendages located
in the dermis --> but are present though epidermis
38
what is contained in the epidermal appendages
hair follicles/shaft sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands nails arrector pilli muscles
39
what do we have through appendages
reproduction of epithelial cells
40
what does the presence of these appendages allow
healing w/o a skin graft
41
epidermis is a ________ ______ of _______ ________
progressive layer of dying cells
42
5 layers of the epidermis
corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale
43
basil layer (stratum basale)
deepest layer responsible for the manufacture of keratinocytes
44
keratinocytes
makes keratin
45
where are the largest amount of melanocytes found
stratum basale esp. in lighter skin
46
melanocytes + keratinocytes =
epidermal unit
47
epidermal unit
melanocytes associated with neighboring keratinocytes dendrites from melanocytes provide pigmentation to keratinocytes
48
fxns of the stratum basale
attaches dermis and epidermis produces cells
49
stratum spinosum
several layers of more mature keratin filaments
50
how far is the stratum spinosum from basale
8-10 cell layers up
51
fxn of stratum spinosum
allow keratinocytes to mature
52
stratum granulosum
3-5 layers of flatted keratinocytes
53
stratum lucidum
few layers of flattened dead cells appears clear thicker in parts of the skin that are thicker
54
stratum corneum
"horny" layer superficial layer of the epidermis primary barrier layer
55
the stratum corneum is entirely a
dead layer of keratinocytes 20-30 cells thick
56
the stratum corneum will have equal ______ regardless of skin color
thickness
57
what is different b/w skin colors --> corneum
number of layers
58
darker skin --> corneum
same thickness more cohesive or compressed with more layers more protection against UV rays
59
dermal-epidermal jxn prevents
shearing of layers decreased shear resistance
60
dermal epidermal jxn consists of
Rete Ridges Dermal Papillae
61
Rete Ridges
pegs epithelial extensions that project into the underlying dermis
62
dermal papillae
dermal extensions extending up to meet rete ridges
63
what creates the dermal papillae
interdigitating of rete ridges and dermal papillae
64
fxn of dermal papillae
resist shear and tearing of skin allows nutrients from dermis to feed the epidermis increased area b/w epidermis and dermis for nutrition
65
what happens to the dermal-epidermal jxn with aging
flattens --> results in skin tears skin is not as strong or cohesive
66
dermis
moderately dense, irregular connective tissue layer
67
how thick is the dermis
2-4mm
68
what does the dermis contain
high amounts of collagen blood vessels, lymph nerves hair follicles sebaceous and sweat glands (epidermal appendages)
69
2 layers of the dermis
papillary layer reticular layer
70
papillary layer
superficial layer connection to epidermis contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and control temp of epidermis
71
reticular layer
thicker deep layer provides elasticity and strength
72
what does the reticular layer contain
structural support contains type 1 collagen vasculature supply nerve endings, glands hair follicles and elastic fibers
73
fxn of the dermis
mechanical anchor metabolic support trophic protection sensory organs
74
mechanical anchor --> dermis
skin to underlying tissue fibroblasts are common cells in the level of the dermis
75
fibroblasts
make collagen
76
metabolic support --> dermis
through blood supply to epidermis and through dermis
77
trophic protection --> dermis
mast cells (immune response) macrophages (WBCs)
78
sensory organ --> dermis
sensory nerve endings schwann cells (glial cells) located pacinian corpuscles
79
pacinian corpuscles --> sensory organ --> dermis
mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and high frequency vibration senses stretch
80
hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
highly vascular layer composed of fat cells and connective tissue **not a true layer**
81
what does the subcutaneous layer contain
adipose tissue fascia
82
adipose tissue
fat (adipocyte) manufactures fat cells
83
fascia
connective tissue allows movement of skin over body
84
fxn of subcutaneous layer
insulates and cushions
85
what happens to the subcutaneous layer as we age
hypodermis decreases in size --> skin begins to sag
86
what is adipose tissue NOT
not a passive site for energy storage
87
fat is the largest
endocrine organ in the body
88
fat is classified as
an endocrine organ an immune organ
89
what does fat do
releases hormones affect MS system, pancreas, heart and CNS
90
adipocytes are
fat cells
91
in normal weight individuals, fat assists in regulating
BP appetite blood coagulation affects health of muscles decreases risk of CVD
92
with obesity --> fat cells
increase in size and number
93
what does enlarging of fat cells result in
changes in physiology
94
changes in physiology --> obesity & fat cells
hormones become abnormal --> can enhance or cause metabolic disorders
95
what do metabolic disorders lead to
chronic inflammation in the body linked to -insulin resistance ----> type 2 diabetes
96
excessive body fat leads to
chronic state of inflammation in the body
97
fat can be
subcutaneous or visceral
98
subcutaneous fat
fatty layer contains a large vascular plexus provides padding to bone energy release
99
energy release --> subcutaneous fat
stores fat to be released when needed
100
visceral fat
surround internal organs RF for diabetes and heart dz/stroke
101
waist to hip ration
describes deposition pattern for fat cells
102
waist is smaller than hips
low risk for diabetes and CVD
103
waist is larger than hips
high risk for diabetes and CVD more visceral fat
104
ex of hormone/protein released by adipocytes
leptin
105
with normal weight --> leptin
provides appetite control appetite suppressant in CNS --> signals the brain when you are full increases energy consumption
106
with obesity --> leptin
chronically elevated levels CNS becomes leptin resistant opposite rxn --> no appetite control
107

Integumentary 1 - Midterm (23 decks)

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