Skin Conditions Flashcards by Hannah Lapos

Drugs that cause the skin and secretions to turn brown

Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa
Nitrofurantoin

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Drugs that cause the skin and secretions to turn green

Iron

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Drugs that cause the skin and secretions to turn orange, yellow, red

Sulfasalazine
Propofol
Azo
Rifampin
Antracycline

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Drugs that cause the skin and secretions to turn blue

Methylene blue
Mitoxantrone
Amiodarone

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Natural products for skin and indications

Vitamin D: diaper rash
Aloe: soothing
Tea tree oil: acne
Lysine: cold sores
Biotin: hair loss and brittle nails

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How long does it take retinoids to work

4-12 wks

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Treatment of mild acne

Topical: BPO or retinol or combo
Alt: add topical retinoid or BPO, with to another retinoid or dapsone

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Treatment for moderate acne

Topical: BPO + topical ABX, BPO + retinoid, or BPO+ABX+retinoid
OR
PO ABX + BPO + Topical retinoid (+/- topical ABX)

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Treatment for severe acne

Topical: BPO + topical ABX, BPO + retinoid, or BPO+ABX+retinoid
WITH PO ABX

PO isotrentinoin

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Topical retinoids

Tretinoin
Adapalene

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Tretinoin

Atralin
Renova
Retin-A
Altreno

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Adapalene

Differin

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CI of topical retinoids

Avoid in pregnancy

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Counseling on topical retinoids

Limit sun exposure
QHS about 20 minutes after washing face
If irritation occurs, use lower strength or ↓ frequency to every other night
Pea sized amount
Take 4-12 wks, may worsen before acne initially resolves

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Benzoyl peroxide

BPO

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Counseling on BPO

Bleach clothing

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When to avoid dapsone

G6PD deficiency

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Non-retinoid products

Benzoyl peroxide
Azelaic acid
Salicylic acid

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Formulation of isotretinoin

Capsules

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Isotretinoin

Absorica, Amnesteem

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Indication for isotretinoin

Severe, nodular acne

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BBW of isotretinoin

Birth defects if taken during pregnancy → REMS

Pts who can get pregnant must sign consent form → 2 negative tests before treatment

Avoid pregnancy 1 month before and 1 month after drug is stopped

Requiring 2 forms of BC (can’t use POP)

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ADR of isotretinoin

Dry skin, chapped lips, dry eyes, eye irritation

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DDI of isotrentinoin

Vitamin A supplements, tetracyclines, POP, St Johns wort

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PO ABX

Minocycline

Minocyline

Minocin, Solodyn

ADR of minocycline

Photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth

Age for minocycline

≥12YO

What is the primary determinant of acne

Increase androgen (male sex hormone) Presence of Cutibacterium acnes ↑ sebum in oil gland

Cause of cold sores

HSV-1: kissing and sharing drinks

OTC product for cold sores

Docusanol

Abreva

Rx for cold sores

Acyclovir cream ointment

Acylovir

Zovirax

Dosing of Abreva

Apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak

Dosing of Zovirax cream

Apply 5x daily for 4 days

Optimal time to start cold sore treatment

Prodromal: tingling, itching, soreness

Natural product for cold sores

Lysine

What is dandruff

Whte, itchy flakes of dead skin cells in the hair

OTC products for dandruff

Ketoconazole 1% (Nizoral-AD) Selenium (Selsun) Pyrithione zinc (Head and Shoulders) Coal tar shampoos (T/Gel)

Ketocconzaole

Nizoral AD

Selenium

Selsun

Pyrithione zinc

Head and Shoulders

Coal tar shampoos

T/Gel

What is the Rx formulation of Ketoconazole

Counseling on Nizoral AD

Apply twice weekly for up to 8 wks Rub shampoo and leave for 5 min then rinse Shampoo daily

Deficiencies that cause alopecia

Biotin, zinc, selenium

Drugs for alopecia

Finasteride Baricitinib Minoxidil topical Bimotoprost

Finasteride

Propecia

Dosing of finasteride

1 mg QD can take ≥3 months to begin to see effect

CI of fiansteride

Pregnancy

BBW of baricitinib

Serious infections, malignancy, thrombosis

Minoxidil

Rogaine

CI for Latisse

Don't use with G analogs for glaucoma

OTC products for excezma

Aquaphor, Eucerin

Rx for eczema

Topical steroid Topical calcineurin inhibitors Topical PDE4i Monoclonal antibodies (IL receptor antagonist) JAK inhibitors

CI of topical calcineurin inhibitors

Children <2YO → associate with lymphoma nd skin cancer

BBW of JAK inhibitos

Infection, malignancy, thrombosis

Treatment for hyperhydrosis

Glycopyrronium

Tina pedis

Athletes foot

Tinea crusis

Jock itch

Tinea corporis

Ringworm

Tinea captis

Ringworm on the scalp

OTC products for fungal skin

Terbinafine Betenafine Clotrimazole Miconazole Tolnaftate Undexylenic acid

Terbinaine

Lamisil AT

Butenafine

Lotrimin Ultra

Clotrimazole

Lotrimin AF

RX treatment for fungal skin

Ketoconazole Betamethasone/Clotrimazole

Counseling of topical antfungals

If infection is on the foot, don't walk bear foot (avoid spreading) Apply mediation 1-2 inches beyond rash Use 2-4 weeks even if it looks healed Reduce moisture

Onchomycosis

Fungal infection in nails

Tx for fungal nail

Terbinafine and Itraconazole Pulse therapy: reduce costs and toxicity

How to diagnose fungal nail

20% potassium hydroxide smear

CI wite terbinafina for nails

Hepatotoxicity

CI with intraconazole for nails

How long are vaginal fungal tx for pregancy

7-10 days

What do OTC vaginal kits test

pH >4.5 are constituent with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis

Supplements that reduce vaginal fungus reocurrence

Lactobacillus or yoghurt with active culture

Tx for mild-moderate and infrequent vaginal fungus

1,3, or 7 days with vaginal cream, ointment, suppository/tab

OTC Vaginal products

Miconazole Clotrimazole

Miconazole

Monistat

RX product for vaginal fungus

Butoconazole (topical) Fluconazole

Butoconazole

Gynazole-1

Dosing of fluconazole

150 mg PO once

Skin protectant for diaper rash

Petrolatum ointment +/- zinc oxide

Tx of fungal diaper rash

Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% BID not more than several days

Petrolatum/zinc oxide

Desitin

Non pharm of preventing hemoorhoids

Increasing fiber intake to reduce strain Psyllium Witch hazel

OTC products for hemorrhoids

Phenylephrine/Hydrocortisone

Preparation H

MOA of phenylephrine cream

Vasoconstrictor that shrinks hemorrhoid and reduces burning and itching

How to diagnose pinworms

Tape test: identify eggs; stick piece of tape in morning It can take up to 3 tape tests to ID eggs

Tx for pinworms

Pyrantel pamoate Albenadazole Mebendazole

ADR of RX pinworm treatment

HA, Na, hepatotoxic → albndazole take with high fat meals

Drug of choice for lice

Permethrin 1% or Pyrethrin/Piperonyl but oxide (RID) Malathion 0.5%

Pyrethrin 1%

Nix

Pyrethrin/Piperonyl butoxide

RID

Counseling on Rx malathion

Flammable

Tx for scabies

Permethrin 5% cream Ivermectin

Counseling on lice removal

1. Wash clothes and bedding in hot water 2. If can't wash seal for 2 weeks 3. No conditioner 4. use a nit comb to remove lice and nits Q2-3D 5. Retreat on days 7-10 to kill off hatchings

Ointments for minor burns

Aquaphor: protect the skin and retain moisture to reduce scarring Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene): reduce infection to promote healing

Polymixin/bacitracin/neomycin

Neosporin Orginial

Mupirocin

Bactroban

Bacitracin/neomycin/polymixin/hydrocorticone

Cortisporin

Counseling on topical ABX

1. Clean the affected area, apply 1-3 times daily 2. use bandaid if area can get dirty

Toxin of poison plants

Urushiol

Product for poison plants

Aluminum acetate solution Colloidal oatmeal Calamine lotion Zanfe

Counseling of OTC product for poison ivy

1. Aluminum acetate is an astringent (drying agent) 2. Wash urushiol with soap and water 3. Topical steroids will help with rash 4. Cold compress

OTC strengths of hydrocortisne

0.5-1%

Steroid vehicles ranked from highest to lowest potency

Ointment > creams > lotion > solution > gels > sprays

Drug indicated for uticaria

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

Potency of topical steroids

Very high: Clobetasol propionate 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.1% High: betamethasone 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.05% ointment, memetasone furoate 0.1 ointment High-medium: fluocinonide 0.05% cream Medium: mometasone 0.1% lotion, triamcinolone 0.1% cream and spray Low: Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% cream

What is broad spectrum sunscreen

UVA and B protection

How often to apply sunscreen

Q2H Reapplied after swimming

Time to burn

SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

How long does water resistance last for sunscreen

4-80 min

Types of physical sunscreen

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

Skin Conditions Flashcards

(116 cards)