Social Interaction

Question 1

Statuses

Answer 1

Positions in society used to classify individuals

• exist in relation to other statuses
• 3 key types

Question 2

Ascribed status

Answer 2

One that is given involuntarily

-like race, ethnicity, gender, or family background

Question 3

Achieved status

Answer 3

One that is gained by effort and/or by choices

Question 4

Master status

Answer 4

Status by which a person is most often identified

• often how people view themselves
• has symbolic value

Question 5

Role

Answer 5

Set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define the expectations for someone holding a certain status

Question 6

Role performance

Answer 6

Carrying out the behaviours associated with a given role

• can change based on the situation or context
• some people are better at it than others

Question 7

Role partner

Answer 7

Person with which someone is interacting (while in their role)

Question 8

Role set

Answer 8

Various roles associated with a status

Question 9

Role conflict

Answer 9

Difficulty of satisfying the requirements of multiple roles

Question 10

Role strain

Answer 10

Difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

Question 11

Role exit

Answer 11

Dropping one role/identity for another

Question 12

Group

Answer 12

Two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity

Share things like:
-values, ethnicity, social background, family ties, politics

Can provide protection, safety, and support
-as well as a place to belong/be accepted

Question 13

Peer group

Answer 13

Association of self selected equals of similar ages, interests, and statuses
-opportunity for friendship

Question 14

Family group

Answer 14

Not self selected: determined by birth, adoption and marriage
-joins people of multiples generations via emotional ties

Question 15

In groups

Answer 15

Groups to which an individual belongs

Question 16

Out groups

Answer 16

Groups with which an individual competes or is in opposition

Question 17

Reference groups

Answer 17

groups that establish terms by which individuals evaluate themselves
-eg: comparing yourself to other med school applicants

Question 18

Primary group

Answer 18

Interactions are direct

Close bonds provide warm and personal relationships

Often last long periods of time
-close friends or tight knit family

Question 19

Secondary group

Answer 19

Interactions are superficial with few emotional bonds

Last a short period of time
-people working on a project together

Question 20

Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft theory

Answer 20

Translates to community and society

Community: groups united by feelings of togetherness

• shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
• families and neighbourhoods

Society: groups that are formed because of mutual self-interests & working towards the same goal
-companies and countries

Question 21

Dyads

Answer 21

2 membered group

-smallest group size

Question 22

Interaction process analysis

Answer 22

Technique for observing, classifying and measuring the interactions within small groups
-revised later to SYMLOG

Question 23

SYMLOG

Answer 23

System for multiple level organization of groups

Based on the belief that there are 3 dimensions to interactions

1. Dominance vs. Submission
2. Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
3. Instrumentally controlled vs. Emotionally expressive

Question 24

Group conformity

Answer 24

Individuals are compliant with the groups goals even if they oppose their own personal goals in an attempt to be accepted

Question 25

Groupthink

Answer 25

Occurs when members of a group begin to focus solely on the ideas generated within the group and ignore outside ideas

Question 26

Network

Answer 26

Observable pattern of social interactions and relationships among individuals in a group Can be used to study the actions of individuals and groups as well as the broader social structure

Question 27

Organizations

Answer 27

Entities that are set up within cultures to achieve specific goals -have structure and culture

Question 28

Formal organizations

Answer 28

Different from groups in many ways - continue even if an individual leaves - have expressed goals - have enforcement procedures to control member activity - have formal roles or duties

Question 29

Characteristic institution

Answer 29

Basic organization of society | -modern is bureaucracy

Question 30

Bureaucracy

Answer 30

Rational system of political organization, administrations, discipline or control -tend to be slow to change and less efficient than other kinds of organizations

Question 31

Iron law of oligarchy

Answer 31

the democratic or bureaucratic system naturally shifts to being governed by an elite group

Question 32

McDonaldization

Answer 32

Common term to refer to the shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies

Question 33

Self-presentation

Answer 33

Process of displaying oneself through culturally accepted behaviours Also called impression management

Question 34

Basic model of emotional expression

Answer 34

Established by Darwin Says that emotional expression depends on - facial expression - behaviours - posture - vocal changes - physiological changes Based on evolution he thought that it should be consistent across cultures

Question 35

Social construction model

Answer 35

Assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions - they are based on experiences and the situational context - certain emotions can only be present within social contexts - emotions are different across cultures

Question 36

Display rules

Answer 36

Cultural expectations of emotions

Question 37

Cultural syndrome

Answer 37

shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values and behaviours among members of the same culture - organized around central theme - influences rules for expression or suppressing emotions

Question 38

Impression management

Answer 38

attempts to influence how others perceive us | -regulation of information in social situations

Question 39

Authentic self

Answer 39

Describes who the person actually is | -both positive and negative attributes

Question 40

Ideal self

Answer 40

who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

Question 41

Tactical self

Answer 41

Who we market ourselves to be | -adhere to other's expectations

Question 42

Dramaturgical approach

Answer 42

Metaphor of theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations

Question 43

Front stage self

Answer 43

the actor (individual) is in front of the audience and performs a certain way according to the setting, role, and script

Question 44

Back stage self

Answer 44

where the individual is not being observed by an audience | -can act in ways not necessarily congruent with his desired public image

Question 45

Animal communication

Answer 45

Defined as any behaviour of one animal that affects the behaviour of another