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AP Psych > Social Psych > Flashcards

Social Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Group dynamics

A

KURT LEWIN
The influences of the group upon the individual, the individual upon the group, and the social environment upon both groups and individuals;

Formulated B=F (p, e) behavior is a function of the person and his environment

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2
Q

Kurt LEWIN

A

1880-1947
Group dynamics
Considered the father of modern social psychology

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3
Q

Social group

A

People with whom we share a common goal and purpose

With whom there is mutual interaction and influence

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4
Q

Individualistic culture

A

Focuses upon individual behavior, needs, goals, rights,

“Me,me,me” (the state exists for me) ex. U.S. Freedom vs License (law)

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5
Q

Collective culture

A

Focuses upon the community’s needs

“We,we,we” (I exist for the state) ex. Japan loyalty vs conformity (morals)

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6
Q

Norm

A

A rule or measurement of behavior, good and bad, within a particular social group

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7
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations with regards to behavior in society

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8
Q

In-group

A

Group with which a person associates

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9
Q

In group bias

A

Tendency to favor ones own group

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10
Q

Out group

A

The “others”

Groups with which a person does not associate

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11
Q

Out-group bias

A

Tendency to have a negative perception of people and groups not part of a person’s in-group

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12
Q

Social loafing

A

Group project (1 person does all the work)

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13
Q

Deindividuation

A

In a group and lose sense of value and sense of self/ get caught up in the crowd do things that the group does that u might not life

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14
Q

Social facilitation

A

Performance improves in front of ppl

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15
Q

Social impairment

A

Performance worsens in front of ppl

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16
Q

Group polarization

A

Individual attitudes are intensified when in a group of like-minded individuals
Both neg and positive attitudes and action
….on a scale of 1-10, how well do I like waffles: me alone 5 vs me waffle inc. 9

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17
Q

Group think

A

A set aside personal opinion or Diffrence In order to maintain group cohesiveness
Does not guarantee the best solution or decisions

Ex. Scary movies thing

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18
Q

Minority influence

A

When an individual opinions influences the groups decisions

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19
Q

Bystander effect

A

A lack of individual response to help when in the presence of a group

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20
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

an individual’s sense of personal responsibility increases and decreases in proportion to the size of the group present

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21
Q

Altruism

A

Self-less attitude

Concern for the welfare of another

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22
Q

Attributions

A

Focuses upon why ppl behave the way they do

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23
Q

Attribution theory

A

Ppl explain behavior by dispositional and situational factors

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24
Q

Dispositional factors

A

Personal factors such as character and intelligence
Personal reactions and response (internal)
To overemphasize

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25
Q

Situational factors

A

Environmental factors: fundamental attribution error

To under emphasized

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26
Q

Self-serving bias

A

How to explain why I do what I do
To take the credit (dispositional) I succeed cuz of my character
Displace the blame (situational)

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27
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

Overestimate dispositional factor

Underestimate situational factors in the behavior of others

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28
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

ROSENTHAL & JACOBSON
When individual expectations of others determine how they are treated
Programs the very behaviors that were expected

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29
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

Tendency to evaluate others in terms of dispositional factors and ourselves in terms of situational factors

30
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

Ppl get what they deserve and deserve what they get

31
Q

Persuasion

A

Techniques to get ppl to comply

32
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

If I can get u interested in a less expensive car, I will show you some more expensive ones

33
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

If I start by showing you some expensive car then a less expensive car will seem more reasonable

34
Q

That’s not all

A

Additional benefits are added to persuade regarding one original, or major item
If u buy this car I will throw in a 2 yr of free oil change and…..

35
Q

Bait and switch

A

After an attractive offer or item is agreed to, additional demands are made

36
Q

Social psychology

A

study of the influence of social groups upon the attitude and behaviors of individuals

37
Q

Conformity

A

Everyone else is doing it……

38
Q

Compliance

A

Engaging in a particular behavior at someone else’s request

39
Q

Social proof

A

Where ppl assume the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior for a given situation

40
Q

Attractiveness

A

When a pretty or Handsome person is associated with an idea or product

41
Q

Scarcity

A

Get them while they last! only one at this price! we might not get anymore! They might not last long

42
Q

Authority

A

One famous or persons of authority lend their name in the opinion to an idea or item
Ex. President Obama recommends this car

43
Q

Consistency

A

“Chevy guy”, “ford guy”
We tend to behave in a manner consistent with previous behaviors
Ex. Orlando Bloom drives this car

44
Q

Physical attractiveness

A

The perception of the physical traits of an individual as pleasing or beautiful
Judgment of the attractiveness of physical change is partly universal to all human cultures
-partly dependent on cultural or era
- partly biological
- partly individual opinion

45
Q

Proximity

A

Geographical closeness and constant exposure to person can lead to friendship

46
Q

Similarity

A

Race, culture, and values similar to one’s own can exert a psychological influence of attraction

47
Q

Reciprocity of feeling

A

Pepole tend to like ppl who like them

48
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

“You’ll get use to me” given time and exposure

Familiarity can breed contempt

49
Q

Attitude

A

The interactive influence of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior
determines the way he responds to someone or something
-mere exposure effect
- elaboration likelihood model

50
Q

Central route of persuasion

A

Involves critical analysis, reflection, and assessment
effects relatively permanent night attitudes
try to change attitude into the way you think

51
Q

Peripheral route of persuasion

A

External factors influence/determine attitudes, If only temporary
Appeal to feelings

52
Q

Normative social influence

A

The desire to gain social approval which affects behavior

53
Q

Informational social influence

A

The acceptance of the opinions of others

54
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Experience of conflicting thoughts and/or emotions and/or behaviors
also when behavior conflicts with personal values
Ex. Guilt,

55
Q

Pre-justice

A

A negative generally uninformed, attitude toward, or opinion of anything or anyone “different”

56
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative, pre-justice behaviors toward anything or anyone different

57
Q

Stereotypes

A

Social mindsets or mental schemas, usually negative, about a person or group

58
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief in the superiority of ones social group or culture

In-group/ out group biases

59
Q

Out group homogeneity

A

Tendency to stereotype member of an out group

they are all alike…..

60
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Corporate projection or displacement, in the Freudian sense, onto members of an outgroup
Blaming innocent ppl in an out group for displacement

61
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior intended to cause harm to self, others, or property

  • instrumental
  • hostile
62
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

Aggressive behavior is a means to a greater goal

63
Q

Hostile aggression

A

Aggressive behavior is an end in itself

to take one’s anger out on what one considers the cause of irritation

64
Q

Obedience to authority

A

STANLEY MILGRAM
In the aftermath of nazi war crimes, MILGRAM conducted experiments to show how ordinary people if the influenced to inflict harm upon others

65
Q

Conformity/ social influence

A

SOLOMON ASCH Demonstrated how peoples decision and judgments to be overruled by a majority influence

66
Q

Diffusion or responsibility

A

Following the soul and murder of kitty genovese, LATANE and DARLEY re-created situations to show the bystander effect

67
Q

Subordinate goal/ contact theory

A

Muzafer SHERIF showed how antagonistic groups can work together when confronted with a common problem for which they must find a solution

68
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

ROSENTHAL and JACOBSON

69
Q

Social roles

A

ZIMBARDO disastrous STANFORD PRISON STUDY
demonstrated how quickly members of a group could conform, For ill or good, to social role
Ppl displaced in these roles, actually took position of these charters till the point where it had to be shut down 2 week later because the “guard” treated the person as an actual prisoners

70
Q

Pre-justice/discrimination

A

Brown eyes,/blue eyes “experiment” by third-grade teacher Jane Elliott

71
Q

Jigsaw classroom

A

Technique used to interrogate opposing groups by making the whole group, in a learning situation, depend upon the expertise of each smaller “expert” group

AP Psych (15 decks)

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