Sociology Pt. 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Institutional Discrimination (+Structural Racism)
The denial of opportunities + equal rights by social institutions.
Linked to the Theory of Structural Racism
Structural Racism: Racial Direction of Housing
A practice in which real estate agents refuse to show their homes outside specific areas to minority buyers.
REDLINING PRACTICE
Structural Racism: EDUCATION
The most prestigious + well-funded schools are often located in high income housing areas. Education is a tool for social mobility, but those w/ limited access to education have an institutionalized disadvantage in advancing in society.
Structural Racism: ECONOMY
According to a 2019 non-profit study, “racialized” Americans receive lower business loans + house mortgages at higher interest rates than white Americans.
Structural Racism: LAW & POLITICS
The use of the legal system to create laws which create challenges for minority groups.
Intergroup Contact Hypothesis
Proposed by Gorden Allport in 1954:
More positive contact between diff. groups + more education –> less prejudice
Anatomical Sex
Internal & external physical + biological organs.
Gender Attribution
Characteristics that a society/culture defines as male, female, non-binary, & how gender is perceived by others.
Gender Identity vs. Gender Expression
Internal cognition of self.
External expression of self.
Social Identity
The way you identify yourself to the world + to yourself. It is not static, it’s shaped by experience.
Role Theory
- Social roles have expectations attached to particular social positions
- Sometimes we are able to play our social roles willingly + other times we do so w/ resistance
Gender Socialization
- Begins at an early age by family + society
- It isn’t until children begin to mature that they develop an understanding about the diff. sexes
- Gender roles are thus socially constructed ideas of how individuals, based on gender, should behave + act in society
Gender Stratification
The unequal distribution of Wealth, power, + privilege amongst the sexes.
Gender Stratification: Who Does it Benefit?
The ppl who historically created these systems.
Patriarchy
A form of social organization in which men have more power + dominate other genders.
Postmodern Perspectives
Gender roles/expectations changed in the Western world throughout the 20th century, which changed the previously accepted worldview that saw men as “bread winners” & women as “housewives.”
Postmodern Perspectives: What Factors Contributed to this Change?
- Increased educational opportunities for women
- Dual-income homes
- Access to contraceptives
- Change in our perception of “gender” + diverse gender spectrum
The Second Shift
Women come home from work to more work, whereas men are more likely spend their time in leisure after work.
Glass Ceiling
The invisible barrier that stops women’s advancement to the top levels of an organization.
Title IX
Sports based anti-discrimination law giving students access to athletics. Forced colleges to increase their funding for female sports scholarships which was one of the factors in women pursuing higher education.
Benevolent Sexism
Women as moral +innocent— less likely to be seen as criminal types.
Jim Crow Laws
Law created after slavery ended to continue racial segregation.
Brown vs. Board of Education
An influential US Supreme Court case in 1954 in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black & white students are no longer allowed.
–> The Little Rock 9
Voting Acts Right of 1965
A revolutionary piece of federal law in the US that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. The official document allowed freedom of blacks to vote w/out restriction.
