Soil & Plant Nutrition Cont'd

Question 0

This is a COMPLEX MIXTURE OF PARTICLES composed of INORGANIC and ORGANIC constituents.

Answer 0

Soil

Question 1

True or False: soil type affects growth and distribution of different plants.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

True or False: soil is only composed of organic material.

Answer 2

FALSE, soil can be made up of organic AND INORGANIC constituents.

Question 3

True or False: soil is the same texture throughout.

Answer 3

FALSE, soil VARIES in TEXTURE and has VARIOUS SIZED PARTICLES throughout

Question 4

How does soil develop?

Answer 4

Soil develops from the WEATHERING of SOLID ROCK.

Question 5

Name the THREE (3) types of WEATHERING.

Answer 5

Physical
Chemical
Biotic

Question 6

True or False: rock is the aggregate of two or more minerals.

Answer 6

TRUE, for example GRANITE is comprised of VARIOUS MINERALS (more than seven).

Question 7

This is the process of RELEASING MINERAL NUTRIENTS which CREATES SUBSTANCE that is MORE AMENABLE FOR LIFE.

Answer 7

Weathering

Question 8

What are FOUR (4) examples of PHYSICAL WEATHERING?

Answer 8

Heat
Ice
Water
Pressure

Question 9

Give an example of CHEMICAL WEATHERING.

Answer 9

Acid Rain

Question 10

True or False: chemical weathering creates smaller particles and releases nutrients into soil.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

This type of WEATHERING occurs when a variety of ORGANISMS aid in producing soil.

Answer 11

Biotic Weathering

Question 12

True or False: biotic weathering aids in chemical but not physical weathering.

Answer 12

FALSE, BIOTIC WEATHERING aids in BOTH CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL WEATHERING

Question 13

This is the ORGANIC portion of SOIL.

Answer 13

Humus

Question 14

True or False: the humus mainly consists of leaf-litter and plant dretritus.

Answer 14

TRUE, the HUMUS MAINLY consists of LEAF-LITTER and PLANT DETRITUS but also INCLUDES detritus of ANIMALS, FUNGI and BACTERIA

Question 15

True or False: humus soil has a hard consistency.

Answer 15

FALSE, the HUMUS is SOFT in CONSISTENCY and it FOSTERS ROOT GROWTH.

Question 16

These are LAYERS OF SOIL in VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.

Answer 16

Soil Horizons

Question 17

This HORIZON of soil is comprised of TOP SOIL, HUMUS and BROKEN DOWN ROCK.

Answer 17

A Horizon

Question 18

True or False: the A Horizon is inorganic.

Answer 18

FALSE, the A HORIZON is ORGANIC and in fact PROVIDES NUTRIENTS and HABITAT for DETRITIVORES.

Question 19

True or False: detritivores is the name for a diverse group of bacteria, fungi and animals.

Answer 19

TRUE, in fact 1 square meter of woodland A HORIZON soil can contain 1000 SPECIES of animal populations.

Question 20

What are the THREE (3) major types of SOIL PARTICLES?

Answer 20

Sand
Silt
Clay

Question 21

True or False: soil texture influences water drainage of soil.

Answer 21

TRUE, in fact LARGER particles drain FASTER bc it contains LARGE PORES while,

SMALLER particles drain SLOWER bc it contains SMALL PORES.

Question 22

True or False: soil texture influences nutrient availability.

Answer 22

TRUE, in fact NUTRIENTS are ATTRACTED TO SOIL particles and ADHERE to them more or less DEPENDENT upon the SIZE of PARTICLES.

Question 23

True or False: nutrients and water adhere more to larger particles.

Answer 23

FALSE, soils with LARGE particles ADHERE LESS while SMALL particles ADHERE MORE.

Question 24

Why do nutrients ADHERE MORE to SMALL particles?

Answer 24

FINE PARTICLES have a GREATER SURFACE AREA for nutrients to adhere to

Question 25

SOIL PARTICLES are _________ charged.

Answer 25

Negatively

Question 26

True or False: cations are electrostatically bound.

Answer 26

TRUE, CATIONS are ELECTROSTATICALLY BOUND while ANIONS are NOT.

Question 27

ANIONS are EASILY _________ while CATIONS are EASILY ________.

Answer 27

Anions: ACQUIRED by ROOTS Cations: LEECHED during RAIN

Question 28

This is the DISSOLUTION and REMOVAL of INORGANIC ions as water moves through the soil.

Answer 28

Leeching

Question 29

HEAVY RAINFALL can reduce the ___________ of soil.

Answer 29

Fertility

Question 30

This is the REPLACEMENT of MINERAL CATIONS by H+ ions.

Answer 30

Cation Exchange

Question 31

This is a SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP in which BOTH PARTICIPANTS BENEFIT.

Answer 31

Mutualistic Relationship

Question 32

This is the NARROW region of soil that is directly INFLUENCED by ROOT SECRETIONS and associated soil MICROORGANISMS.

Answer 32

Rhizophere

Question 33

True or False: bacteria in the humus are mainly decomposers.

Answer 33

TRUE, BACTERIA in the HUMUS DECOMPOSE dead plant material.

Question 34

PLANTS and BACTERIA have a MUTUALISTIC relationship in which BACTERIA PROVIDE __________ material for plants and PLANTS PROVIDE _________ material for bacteria.

Answer 34

Plants provide: ORGANIC material Bacteria provide: INORGANIC material

Question 35

List FOUR (4) functions of RHIZOBACTERIA.

Answer 35

1. ) STIMULATE GROWTH by PRODUCING CHEMICALS (such as nitrogen) 2. ) PROTECT the health of the PLANT by PRODUCING ANTIBIOTICS 3. ) ABSORB TOXIC METALS 4. ) Make NUTRIENTS more AVAILABLE

Question 36

True or False: many bacteria can convert elemental nitrogen into useable forms of nitrogen.

Answer 36

TRUE, bacteria can convert N2 into ammonium or nitrate

Question 37

This HORIZON of soil is made up of LESS ORGANIC matter and is MOSTLY ROCK.

Answer 37

B Horizon

Question 38

This HORIZON of soil is made up of PARTIALLY BROKEN DOWN rock.

Answer 38

C Horizon

Question 39

AMMONIUM is made available by what TWO (2) types of bacteria?

Answer 39

Ammonifying Bacteria | Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Question 40

AMMONIFYING bacteria are decomposers that live in _______ and release _______.

Answer 40

Humus | Ammonia (NH3)

Question 41

NITROGEN FIXING bacteria live in _______ and convert _________ to ________.

Answer 41

Soil | Nitrogen (N2) to Ammonia (NH3)

Question 42

NITRATE (NO3-) is made available by process of _________.

Answer 42

Nitrification

Question 43

What is the TWO (2) STEP process of NITRIFICATION?

Answer 43

Oxidation of AMMONIA (NH3) to nitrITE (NO2-) | Oxidation of nitrITE (NO2-) to nitrATE (NO3-)

Question 44

Each AMMONIUM (NH4+) has ___ ATP molecules.

Answer 44

18

Question 45

These form MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIPS with ROOTS and play a major role in PLANT NUTRITION.

Answer 45

Soil Fungi

Question 46

These are the MUTUALISTIC ASSOCIATIONS of ROOTS and FUNGI.

Answer 46

Mycorrhizae

Question 47

In the mutualistic relationship of MYCORRHIZAE, ________ provide carbohydrates while ________ INCREASE SURFACE AREA of roots.

Answer 47

Plants | Fungi

Question 48

This type of MYCORRHIZAE grow ON the ROOT SURFACE.

Answer 48

Ectomycorrhizae

Question 49

This type of MYCORRHIZAE grow INTO the ROOT CORTEX.

Answer 49

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Question 50

These grow attached to other plants but NOT SOIL and are NOT PARASITES.

Answer 50

Epiphytes

Question 51

These grow ATTACHED TO other PLANTS and obtain their source of NUTRIENTS FROM the HOST.

Answer 51

Parasites

Question 52

These PLANTS obtain some nitrogen and minerals from KILLING/DIGESTING SMALL ANIMALS.

Answer 52

Carnivorous Plants

Question 53

Some PARASITIC PLANTS have SPECIALIZED ROOTS called __________ that PENETRATE the PHLOEM of the host plant.

Answer 53

Haustoria

Question 54

There are ___ species of DODDER, a parasitic plant that CONTAIN HAUSTORIA.

Answer 54

120