Spring Exam 2 Flashcards
(383 cards)
what is the genetic defect and inheritance pattern for sickle cell disease
-AR, Occurs with 2 abnormal β genes (βsickle + βabnormal)
- -βsickle – HbS
- -βabnormal – HbS, HbC, HbDpunjab, HbE, HbOArab
presents with:
- Avascular -necrosis of femoral/humeral heads
- -Autosplenectomy (teens)
- -Delayed growth and maturation
Sickle cell disease
presents with:
- Anemia, small RBC – low Mean Corpuscular Volume (↓MCV), normal RBC Distribution Width (RDW)
- -Low Mean Hemoglobin Concentration (↓MCH, MCHC)
Thalassemia
what are the causes of folate deficiency
- Malnourishment
- -Poor diet (alcoholism, indigent)
- Malabsorption (GI surgery, Crohn’s disease-small bowel inflammation)
RBC Transfusion indications/effect
- Decreased oxygen carrying capacity
- General transfusion triggers: 1. Deficit of O2 carrying capacity, 2. Symptoms: chronic vs acute anemia, 3. Hct less than 20% for most people/ less than 30% for those with Cardiopulmonary disease
Bone marrow often largely replaced by BLASTS, leading to
-thrombocytopenia and/or anemia and/or neutropenia
ALL
Recipient Type: AB can receive RBCs from what donor type?
A, B, AB, O
MGUS has a risk of progression to
multiple myeloma or lymphoma
Granule release reaction-secretion of __, ___, and ___ cause more platelets to activate and aggregate
ADP, serotonin, and calcium
*TxA2 synthesis
what are causes of iron deficiency
- -Children (low iron diet)
- -Women of child-bearing age
- -Occult/chronic blood loss (GI polyps, cancer, ulcer)
- -Malabsorption
- –Gastric bypass, duodenectomy
arising of higher grade neoplasm from pre-existing lower grade neoplasm
transformation
Plasma transfusion indications
- Bleeding or preop. pt:
1. Deficiency of multiple coagulation factors: Liver disease, Warfarin therapy, Massive transfusion, Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2. Specific factor deficiency, no concentrate - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Rare specific plasma protein deficiencies
differentiate between chronic and acute atopic dermatitis (eczema)
- Acute form = erythema and vesicles
- Chronic form = lichenification
decreased haptoglobin indicates what?
hemolysis or sever liver disease
One gene missing/defective, heterozygous; microcytic +/- mild anemia
β-Thalassemia Minor (trait)
mutation that leads to Loss of APC cleavage site
factor V leiden
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)
Average amount of Hb in each cell in picograms (10-12 g)
Recipient Type: O can receive plasma from what donor type?
A, B, AB, O
association with polyoma virus
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Primary Cutaneous Neuroendocrine)
pancytopenia
aplastic anemia
-deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets
Mean cell volume (MCV)
Average volume of each cell in femtoliters (10-15 L)
blood results of iron def. anemia
- microcytic hypochromic
- Low serum iron, ferritin, low % transferrin saturation
- Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
Common tumors but infrequently metastasize (overall
SCC
presents with:
- Tachypnea, dyspnea, coughing, cyanosis, headache, and peripheral edema
- Increased blood pressure
- Jugular venous distention
- Bilateral pulmonary edema
TACO