Spring Exam 4 Flashcards
(433 cards)
describe the spirometry findings associated w/ obstructive disease
- FVC: Decreased or normal
- FEV1: Decreased
- FEV1/FVC Ratio: DECREASED
- TLC: NORMAL OR INCREASED
Histology: TTF-1 (+), CK5/6 (-)
adenocarcinoma of the lung
Adult Respiratory distress syndrome is due to
- Shock
- Infections
- Toxic gas inhalation
- Ionizing radiation
- Oxygen toxicity
what type of CAs are associated with Lynch Syndrome
- *R-sided colon CA more common
- *Mucinous adenocarcinoma more common
-its a type of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome
Follows contact with birds after inhalation of dried bird excretion and/or handling contaminated birds
chlamydia caused atypical pneumonia
Histology: Curschmann’s Spirals, mucous plugs
asthma
- Granuloma with central caseous necrosis
- Organizes leaving a fibrocalcific nodule often with persisting viable tuberculosis
Ghon complex
*focus of primary TB infection
anatomic features of cirrhosis
- fibrous septa
- parenchymal nodularity
- diffuse process
Serologic findings
- Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)
- Elevated alkaline phosphatase
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
describe how and where gastric adenocarcinoma spreads
- Local infiltration (through wall of stomach)
- Lymphatic – regional and distant lymph nodes
- Blood – liver and lungs commonly
- Transcoelomic (across peritoneal cavity)- Often involves both ovaries (signet ring carcinoma) – Krukenberg tumour.
complications of biliary atresia
- neonatal cholestasis
- rapidly progresses to cirrhosis if untreated
3 Non-Hepatotropic Viruses that Infect the Liver
HSV
CMV
Adenovirus
*usually seen in association w/ immunosuppression
pathogenesis:
- inhaled and taken up by alveolar macrophages
- Resulting inflammation causes variable (minimal to extensive) lung fibrosis
coal-worker’s Pneumoconiosis
-coal dust inhaled
Helicobacter pylori Gastritis can lead to what? (5)
- cell damage and inflammatory cell infiltration
- Affects the antrum preferentially
- Metaplasia
- atrophy
- dysplasia
Klebsiella pneumonia is most common in who
- elderly men,
- alcoholics,
- patients with diabetes mellitus,
- malignancies
- heart disease
describe the shake test
- used to determine if surfactant/lung is mature
- Take amniotic fluid sample of equal amounts –> add increasing amounts of EtOH–> shake the tubes–> if bubbles develop= sufficient lecithin (mature), if no/less bubbles/foam = immaturity
Histology:
-Granulomatous and lymphocytic destruction of bile ducts (florid duct lesion) –> progressive loss of bile ducts (ductopenia)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Histology:
- When blood vessels are affected hemorrhage gross red appearance
- Larges/distended alveolar space
- leukocytic alveolitis
Bronchopneumonia
- Virus reactivated –> recurrent herpetic stomatitis (cold sore)
- Trauma, allergies, UV light, stress, immunosuppression
- Small vesicles
- Lips, nasal orifices, buccal mucosa, gingiva, hard palate most common locations
- Typically resolves 7-10 days (can persist in immunocompromised- necessitate antiviral therapy)
HSV
routes of pulmonary infection
inhalation
aspiration
bloodstream
puncture
in acute HepB infection:
-____ appears before the onset of symptoms, peaks during overt disease
- ___ and ___Signify active disease and viral replication
- ____ antibody does not rise until the acute disease is over and is usually not detectable for a few weeks to several months after the disappearance of ____
HBsAg appears before the onset of symptoms, peaks during overt disease
BHeAG and HBV-DNA Signify active disease and viral replication
Anti-HBs antibody does not rise until the acute disease is over and is usually not detectable for a few weeks to several months after the disappearance of HBsAg
Benign, non-neoplastic proliferation of hepatocytes that occurs in response to a local abnormality in blood flow through the liver
**central scar (the abnormal blood vessel)
Focal nodular hyperplasia
MECL t (11;19)(q12;p13) –> CRTC1-MAML2 fusion transcript –> may be useful diagnostically
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
*malignant salivary tumor
causes of viral pneumonia
- influenza virus,
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),
- common cold viruses (parainfluenza, adenovirus)
- human metapneumovirus
- herpes or varicella viruses