Stomach

Question 1

What region of the stomach is surrounded by smooth muscle and contains mostly mucus-secreting glands?

Answer 1

cardia

Question 2

What region of the stomach is glandular and secretes acid, pepsin, and some mucus?

Answer 2

fundus

Question 3

What region of the stomach is the largest, main part where food is mixed and starts to break down?

Answer 3

body

Question 4

What region of the stomach contains 1’ mucus and gastrin secreting glands?

Answer 4

pylorus

Question 5

What does the combination of food breakdown via musuclar activity and chemical breakdown via gastric secretion make?

Answer 5

chyme

Question 6

What is the third layer of muscle in the stomach?

Answer 6

inner oblique layer in the muscularis externa

Question 7

How much absorption occurs in the stomach?

Answer 7

a little bit (some water, some drugs, and alcohol)

Question 8

What are the prominent longitudianl folds on the lining of the stomach?

Answer 8

rugae

Question 9

What type of epithelium is the stomach lines by?

Answer 9

simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

What is the order of glands from superficial (lumen) to deep (in the wall)

Answer 10

mucous
isthmus
neck
deep (can extend into muscularis mucosae)

Question 11

What are gastric pits?

Answer 11

glandular body of stomach; mucosa is prominent

Question 12

What do gastric glands contain?

Answer 12

HCl and pepsinogen
gastrin and lipase

Question 13

pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by…

Answer 13

HCl

Question 14

What protects the mucosa layer of the stomach from acid?

Answer 14

a thick layer of mucus

Question 15

What are the five types of extra cells in the gastric epithelium?

Answer 15

acid producing parietal cells
enzyme-producing chief cells
mucus-secreting cells
stem cells
enteroendocrine cells

Question 16

What are the three secretions of the gastric epithelium?

Answer 16

hydrochloric acid
proteolytic enzyme (pepsin)
mucus

Question 17

What cell type covers luminal surface and upper 1/3 of the pit?

Answer 17

mucus secreting cells

Question 18

What do mucus secreting cells secrete?

Answer 18

thick, insoluble mucus and bicarbonate ions

Question 19

What do the mucus neck cells look like?

Answer 19

• smaller and less regular in shape that surface
• basal nucleus
• small mucin vacuoles

Question 20

What do the mucus surface cells look like?

Answer 20

• tall columnar
• basal nuclei
• clear cytoplasm

Question 21

What gastric glands secrete soluble mucus and is located in the upper 1/3 of the pit and at the neck of the gland?

Answer 21

mucus neck cells

Question 22

What cells secrete HCl?

Answer 22

parietal cells

Question 23

What are the characteristics of parietal cells?

Answer 23

• secrete HCl
• pyramidal
• central nucleus
• pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm
• deep microvilli
• produce intrinsic factor

Question 24

What cells produce intrinsic factor which is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12?

Answer 24

parietal cells

Question 25

What is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12?

Answer 25

intrisic factor

Question 26

What are the characteristics of chief cells?

Answer 26

- large, basophilic nuclei - eosinophilic cytoplasm - granules contain pepsinogen

Question 27

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 27

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 28

What gastric glands are located at the base?

Answer 28

chief cells

Question 29

What do chief cells secrete?

Answer 29

inactive pepsinogen

Question 30

What are parietal and chief cells controlled by?

Answer 30

- autonomic nervous system - hormones from endocrine cells in region of pylorus

Question 31

What stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsin?

Answer 31

gastrin

Question 32

What secretes gastrin?

Answer 32

G cells

Question 33

What inhibits secretion of gastrin?

Answer 33

somatostatin

Question 34

What inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 34

secretin

Question 35

What are the characteristics of gastric endocrine cells?

Answer 35

- small and round - base of glands - secrete gastrin and serotonin

Question 36

Where are most undifferentiated stem cells?

Answer 36

neck of gland

Question 37

What causes gastritis?

Answer 37

irritation of stomach due to... - excessive alcohol use - chronic vomiting - stress - medications - H. pyloir (too much) - bile reflux - infections (bacteria

Question 38

What are stomach ulcers frequently associated with?

Answer 38

chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori

Question 39

What are gastric ulcers?

Answer 39

painful sores either in the stomach or small intestine