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Histology Lecture 3 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What region of the stomach is surrounded by smooth muscle and contains mostly mucus-secreting glands?

A

cardia

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2
Q

What region of the stomach is glandular and secretes acid, pepsin, and some mucus?

A

fundus

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3
Q

What region of the stomach is the largest, main part where food is mixed and starts to break down?

A

body

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4
Q

What region of the stomach contains 1’ mucus and gastrin secreting glands?

A

pylorus

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5
Q

What does the combination of food breakdown via musuclar activity and chemical breakdown via gastric secretion make?

A

chyme

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6
Q

What is the third layer of muscle in the stomach?

A

inner oblique layer in the muscularis externa

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7
Q

How much absorption occurs in the stomach?

A

a little bit (some water, some drugs, and alcohol)

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8
Q

What are the prominent longitudianl folds on the lining of the stomach?

A

rugae

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9
Q

What type of epithelium is the stomach lines by?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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10
Q

What is the order of glands from superficial (lumen) to deep (in the wall)

A

mucous
isthmus
neck
deep (can extend into muscularis mucosae)

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11
Q

What are gastric pits?

A

glandular body of stomach; mucosa is prominent

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12
Q

What do gastric glands contain?

A

HCl and pepsinogen
gastrin and lipase

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13
Q

pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by…

A

HCl

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14
Q

What protects the mucosa layer of the stomach from acid?

A

a thick layer of mucus

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15
Q

What are the five types of extra cells in the gastric epithelium?

A

acid producing parietal cells
enzyme-producing chief cells
mucus-secreting cells
stem cells
enteroendocrine cells

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16
Q

What are the three secretions of the gastric epithelium?

A

hydrochloric acid
proteolytic enzyme (pepsin)
mucus

17
Q

What cell type covers luminal surface and upper 1/3 of the pit?

A

mucus secreting cells

18
Q

What do mucus secreting cells secrete?

A

thick, insoluble mucus and bicarbonate ions

19
Q

What do the mucus neck cells look like?

A
  • smaller and less regular in shape that surface
  • basal nucleus
  • small mucin vacuoles
20
Q

What do the mucus surface cells look like?

A
  • tall columnar
  • basal nuclei
  • clear cytoplasm
21
Q

What gastric glands secrete soluble mucus and is located in the upper 1/3 of the pit and at the neck of the gland?

A

mucus neck cells

22
Q

What cells secrete HCl?

A

parietal cells

23
Q

What are the characteristics of parietal cells?

A
  • secrete HCl
  • pyramidal
  • central nucleus
  • pale, eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • deep microvilli
  • produce intrinsic factor
24
Q

What cells produce intrinsic factor which is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12?

A

parietal cells

25
Q

What is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12?

A

intrisic factor

26
Q

What are the characteristics of chief cells?

A
  • large, basophilic nuclei
  • eosinophilic cytoplasm
  • granules contain pepsinogen
27
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

28
Q

What gastric glands are located at the base?

A

chief cells

29
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

inactive pepsinogen

30
Q

What are parietal and chief cells controlled by?

A
  • autonomic nervous system
  • hormones from endocrine cells in region of pylorus
31
Q

What stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsin?

A

gastrin

32
Q

What secretes gastrin?

A

G cells

33
Q

What inhibits secretion of gastrin?

A

somatostatin

34
Q

What inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates smooth muscle contraction?

A

secretin

35
Q

What are the characteristics of gastric endocrine cells?

A
  • small and round
  • base of glands
  • secrete gastrin and serotonin
36
Q

Where are most undifferentiated stem cells?

A

neck of gland

37
Q

What causes gastritis?

A

irritation of stomach due to…
- excessive alcohol use
- chronic vomiting
- stress
- medications
- H. pyloir (too much)
- bile reflux
- infections (bacteria

38
Q

What are stomach ulcers frequently associated with?

A

chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori

39
Q

What are gastric ulcers?

A

painful sores either in the stomach or small intestine

Histology Lecture 3 (10 decks)

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