Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Lecture 3 > Urinary System part 1 > Flashcards

Urinary System part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis
  • regualtion of acid-base balance
  • excretion of metabolic waste products
  • production of renin and erythropoietin
  • conversion of vitamin D
  • regulation of calcium balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does renin do?

A

blood pressure control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the order of blood supply to the kidney?

A
  1. 5 segmental lobar arteries per kidney
  2. interlobar artery
  3. arcuate artery
  4. intralobular artery
  5. Afferent arteriole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What layer of the kidney are the afferent glomerular arterioles found?

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The peritubular capillary network (PCN) arises from ____________ __________

A

efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__________ _________ drain the glomeruli and form capillary networks

A

Efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two main components of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle
renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

filters blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the renal tubule?

A

modifies filtrate to form urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The nephron is composed of…

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting tubule/duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the capillaries around the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

A

peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the name of the capillary network around the loop of henle?

A

vasa recta (arterial and venous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

-cortical
— subcapsular (short)
— midcortical (intermediate)
-juxtamedullary (long loops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the difference between nephron types depend on?

A

location in the cortex and the length of the loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the blood flow to the kidneys from the heart and back again?

A
  • aorta
  • renal artery
  • afferent arteriole (skipped some steps)
  • glomerular capillaries
  • efferent arteriole
  • peritubular capillaries or to the vasa recta
  • venules
  • veins
  • renal vein
  • inferior vena cava
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the path that filtrate/urine takes through the kidney and out of the body?

A
  • bowman’s space
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle (desending, thin ascending, thick ascending)
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting duct
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter
  • urinary bladder
  • sphincter
  • urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are the raw materials gathered in the kidney?

A

Bowman’s space

20
Q

Where do the “bulk operations” happen in the kidney?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

21
Q

Where does the “fine tuning” (reabsorbtion) occur in the kidney?

A

distal convoluted tuble and collecting duct

22
Q

Where does the “planning ahead” and concentration of the interstitum occur in the kidney?

A

loop of henle

23
Q

What cells make up the visceral layer on the glomerulus?

A

podocytes

24
Q

What cells make up the parietal layer of the renal corpuscle?

A

simple squamous epithelium

25
Q

What separates the visceral layer and parietal layer of the renal corpuscle?

A

bowman’s space (urinary space)

26
Q

What makes up a vascular pole in the kidney?

A

Afferent and Efferent arteriole

27
Q

What are the functions of the mesangial cells in the kidney?

A
  • secrete the mesangial matrix
  • secrete vasoactive factors and cytokines
  • remove trappped residues and aggregated protein from BM (keep filter free of debris)
  • changing te filtration pressure of glomerulus (contractile properties)
28
Q

What are the main components of the mesangial matrix?

A

collagen type IV
laminin
fibronectin
proteoglycans

29
Q

______________ ________ cells found between the afferent A and Efferent A towards the vascular pole

A

Extraglomerular mesangial

30
Q

____________ _______ cells are located inside the glomerulus in between the capillaries

A

Intraglomerular mesangial

31
Q

What three things make up the filtration barrier?

(she said this would prolly be on the test)

A
  1. fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. basal lamina (basement membrane)
  3. podocytes of the visceral layer of bownman’s capsule
32
Q

What three things make up the filtration barrier?

(so important it is on here twice!)

A
  1. fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. basal lamina
  3. podocytes of the visceral layer
33
Q

What are the characteristics of glomerular capillaries?

A
  • fenestrated
  • large pores
  • permeable to water, urea, glucose, and small proteins
  • barrier only to formed elements in blood and large macromolecules
34
Q

What are glomerular capillaries permeable to?

A

water, urea, glucose, and small proteins

35
Q

The lamina rarae (basal lamina) contains?

A

type IV collagen
laminin
fibronectin
negatively-charged proteoglycans

36
Q

What is the average gap between podocyte foot projections (pedicels)?

A

25 nm

37
Q

What molecules pass freely through the podocytes (visceral layer)?

A
  • water, ions, and small organic molecules cross freely
  • peptide hormones and small proteins cross reasonably freely
38
Q

What are the pedicles (foot processes) separated by?

A

filtration slits

39
Q

What are the filtration slits between foot processes (pedicles) covered by?

A

slit diaphragm

40
Q

What protein makes up the slit diaphragm in the kidney?

A

nephrin

41
Q

What is the function of the pedicels and filtration slits?

A

acts as a barrier to large macromolecules, proteins, negatively charged molecules, and blood cells

42
Q

What is the filtration process before reaching the proximal convoluted tubule?

A
  • blood enters glomerulus (afferent arterioles)
  • arteriole pressure forces fluid through fenestrae
  • large molecules are trapped by basal lamina
  • negatively charged molecules are stopped by basal lamina and podocytes
  • fluid passes thorugh pores in slit diaphragm to enter urinary space (proximal convoluted tubule)
43
Q

Where are proximal convoluted tubules found in the kidney?

A

ONLY in cortex

44
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

A
  • primary site of water resorption
  • removes 75% of water and ions (Na, Cl)
45
Q

What does the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule have?

A

microvilli and brush border

46
Q

How do Na, Cl, and H2O move in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Na - active transport
Cl - passive transport
H2O - small transmembrane channel

Histology Lecture 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions