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Histology Lecture 3 > Teeth Dental Histo > Flashcards

Teeth Dental Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the portion of the tooth embedded in bone called?

A

tooth root

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2
Q

What is the tooth grossly divided into ?

A

the root and crown

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3
Q

What is the part of the tooth that is in part of the jaw?

A

alveolar ridge

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4
Q

What is another word for the tooth socket?

A

alveolus

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5
Q

What is the portion of the tooth that projects into the oral cavity?

A

crown

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6
Q

What is the composition of enamel?

A

1% organic material
96-98% hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

What secretes enamel?

A

tall, columnar ameloblasts of the enamel organ

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8
Q

When do the ameloblasts degenerate?

A

when tooth erupts

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9
Q

At what point can enamel no longer be replaced by new synthesis?

A

when the tooth erupts

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10
Q

What is a tome’s process?

A

apical, secretory end of ameloblast that is a large, single process

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11
Q

What does enamel mineratlization look like?

A

results in highly calcified enamel rods or prisms

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12
Q

what do enamel rods look like ?

A

roughly hexagonal, 4-8 um in diameter

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13
Q

What are the enamel rods/prisms separated by?

A

interprismatic material (less mineralized)

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14
Q

Where do enamel rods extend to and from?

A

from ameloblasts to the enamel surface to dentino-enamel junction

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15
Q

What is the bulk of the tooth composed of?

A

dentine

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16
Q

What secretes dentine

A

odontoblasts of dental papilla

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17
Q

How is dentine secreted?

A

as non-mineralized pre-dentine

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18
Q

What is the composition of dentine?

A

70-80% hydroxyapatite
Type I collagen
GAGs

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19
Q

What do the matrix vaculoes in dentine carry and what is their function?

A

Calcium and PO4-
- plays a key roles in mineralization of dentine matrix

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20
Q

How is dentine arranged?

A

dentine tubules (hollow parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity)

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21
Q

What does the central pulp cavity contain?

A

-sensory nerves and blood vessels

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22
Q

What innervated dentine?

A

myelinated nerves

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23
Q

What embryonic layer is dental pulp from?

A

mesoderm

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24
Q

What does the tooth root contain?

A
  • stellate fibroblasts
  • reticular fibers
  • collagen
  • ground substance
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25
Q

What is the tooth root covered by?

A

thin layer of cementum

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26
Q

What is cementum composed of?

A

45-50% hydroxyapatite

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27
Q

What makes cementum?

A

cementoblasts that mature to cementocytes

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28
Q

How do cementocytes makes more cementum?

A

one that lie against the surface of the periodontal ligament make via appositional growth

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29
Q

What is the region of tooth between the root and crown?

A

neck

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30
Q

What protects the neck of the tooth?

A

gingiva

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31
Q

What does attached gingiva cover?

A

upper alveolar bone

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32
Q

What does free gingiva cover?

A

forms cuff around neck of the tooth

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33
Q

What is the space between the free gingiva and the crown called?

A

gingival sulcus

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34
Q

What is crevicular epithelium?

A

lines the gingival sulcus with the thin layer (2-3 cells thick)

35
Q

What is the name of the tissues that surround and support the tooth?

A

periodontium

36
Q

What are the parts of the periodontium?

A

epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone

37
Q

What anchors the bone of alveolus to the cementum layer?

A

periodontal ligament
- dense collageous fibers called Sharpey’s fibers

38
Q

What allows for the slight movement of teeth during mastication?

A

periodontal ligament

39
Q

What are the clusters of epithelial cells within periodontal ligament?

A

vestigial epithelial rests (of Malassez)

40
Q

What in the tooth is from ectodermal origin?

A

enamel

41
Q

What cell layers are teeth made from?

A

-ameloblasts from enamel organ
-odontoblasts of dental papilla

42
Q

What in the tooth is from mesodermal origin?

A

dentine, cementum, pulp, periodontal ligament

43
Q

When is there first some sign of tooth development?

A

6 weeks i.u.
-a horseshoe shaped epithelial ridge from the oral epithelium

44
Q

What is the early bell stage of tooth development?

A
  • create an enamel organ
  • loosely arranged stellate cells and peripheral layer of cuboidal/columnar epithelium
  • formation of internal enamel epithelium (ameloblasts)
  • form dental papillae with odontoblasts
45
Q

What does the internal enamel epithelium differentiate into?

A

a layer of ameloblasts and 2-3 layers of stratum intermedium

46
Q

What does the mesenchyme condense to form during the early bell stage?

A

dental papillae

47
Q

What is the layer of cells lining the outer convex surface of the enamel organ of tooth?

A

external enamel epithelium

48
Q

What is the layer of cells lining the concave surface on the outside of the enamel organ?

A

internal enamel epithelium (ameloblasts)

49
Q

What is amelogenesis?

A

enamel formation

50
Q

What is the layer deep to developing enamel?

A

dental papilla (odontoblasts)

51
Q

What do cells lining the convex surface of the dental papillae during odontogenesis?

A

odontoblasts

52
Q

What is dentinogenesis?

A

form dentine

53
Q

Development of ameloblasts induces what?

A

differntiation of odontoblasts

54
Q

What do odontobalst proccesses make?

A

dentine tubules

55
Q

Calcification of dentine induces what?

A

depositon of enamel

56
Q

What is tooth formation initiated by?

A

deposition of organic pre-dentine by odontoblasts

57
Q

Calcification of dentine matrx secondarily induces what?

A

enamel production by ameloblasts

58
Q

When does the enamel organ and ameloblasts degenerate?

A

tooth eruption

59
Q

When dental papilla shrinks what does it become?

A

dental pulp

60
Q

What is denta?

A

papillae enclosed by dentine to become to pulp cavity

61
Q

What does the Hertwig’s root sheath do?

A

initiates the formation of dentine in the root

62
Q

What is a proliferation of epithelial cells located at the cervical loop of the enamel organ?

A

hertwig’s root sheath

63
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of ________ continue to be produced.

A

2’ dentine

64
Q

What can 2’ dentine do?

A

may eventually obliterate the pulp cavity

65
Q

What does the surrounding mesenchym form around the hertwig sheath?

A

dental follicle (turns into periodontal ligament)

66
Q

What determines the cross sectional outline of the tooth?

A

sheath of Hertwig

67
Q

What does the surrounding mesenchyme form (enamel organ)?

A

dental follicle-> periodontal ligament

68
Q

When does tooth development start?

A

6th week of fetal development

69
Q

How many roots do incisor and canines have?

A

usually one

70
Q

How many primary teeth?

A

20

71
Q

When do permanent teeth replace primary?

A

6-12 years old

72
Q

When do teeth erupt (primary)?

A

6-30 months

73
Q

What does tetracycline cause in teeth?

A

yellow discoloration of teeth

74
Q

What is the human dental formula?

A

I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3

75
Q

What are some examples of dental disorders?

A

abnormal tooth eruption
orthodontia
dental caries
periodontal disease
gingivitis
periodontitis

76
Q

What causes periodontal disease?

A

accumulation of calcified food & bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus
- results in widening of gingival sulcus, possible inflammation & destruction of periodontal ligament

77
Q

Why do dental caries happen?

A

—results when weak acids in food & drink erode calcified enamel, augmented by bacterial action

78
Q

What helps to harden the enamel and kill bacteria?

A

fluoride

79
Q

What treatment happens when caries extend into dentine/pulp cavity and cause an abscess or death of tooth?

A

root canal

80
Q

What causes periodontal disease?

A

accumulation of calcified food and bacterial debris (plaque) in gingival sulcus

81
Q

What does periodontal disease cause?

A

widening of gingival sulcus, possible inflammation and destruction of periodontal ligament

82
Q

What is the inflammation of gums?

A

gingivitis

83
Q

What is the periodontitis?

A

inflammation of periodontal ligament

84
Q

How does tooth numbering work?

A

start on upper R wisdom tooth (1) -> upper L wisdom tooth (16)
lower L wisdom tooth (17) -> lower R wisdom tooth (32)

Histology Lecture 3 (10 decks)

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