T14-15 - Nonvascular Plants and Seedless Vascular Plants

Question 1

The three phylum under group Byrophyhtes

Answer 1

1. liverworts
2. mosses
3. hornworts

Question 2

Characteristics of Byrophytes

Answer 2

• lack true vascular tissue and lignin
• sporophytes are unbranched, lack roots
• stomata gas exchange is absent in liverworts ONLY

Question 3

Compare the gametophyte and sporophytes of bryophytes

Answer 3

gametophytes are larger, longer-living

Question 4

Explain the life cycle of byrophyte

Answer 4

1. spore
2. development of gametophytes (antheridium and archegonium)
3. antheridium releases sperm through water
4. sperm reaches archegonium and egg inside it
5. diploid zygote forms and develops within the archegonium
6. zygote –> sporophyte
7. spores are developed and released by sporophyte

Question 5

Shared, derived, traits of seedless vascular plants

Answer 5

1. sporophytes are dominant, both gametophytes and sporophytes are independent
2. vascular tissues
3. multicellular roots and leaves

Question 6

micrphyllis vs. megaphylls

Answer 6

both are categories of vascular plants
microphylls: small leaves, single vein
megaphylls: large leaves, branched veins

Question 7

Sporophylls

Answer 7

found in all vascular plants
modified leaves with sporangia

Question 8

sori

Answer 8

clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls

Question 9

strobili

Answer 9

cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls

Question 10

homosporous sporophytes

Answer 10

produce one type of spore that turns into a bisexual gametophyte
(MOST seedless vascular plants)

Question 11

heterosporous

Answer 11

megaspores make female gametophytes and microspores make male gametophytes

Question 12

What are characteristics of vascular plants IN GENERAL?

Answer 12

• microphylls or megaphylls
• sporophylls
• variation in spore sizes
• grow taller bc of vascular tissue

Question 13

What characteristics are specific to seedless vascular plants?

Answer 13

• taller because of vascular tissue
• dominant sporophyte, independent gametophyte
• flagellated sperm

Question 14

Explain the general life cycle of a seedless vascular plant

Answer 14

1. spore is dispersed in air thanks to sporopollenin
2. developes into (1) bisexual gametophyte with antheridium and archegonium
3. antheridium releases sperm via water
4. sperm meets egg
5. zygote develops in archegonium
6. zygote becomes independent sporophyte
7. gametophyte dies
8. sporophyte releases spore

Question 15

Characteristics of lycophytes

what type of plant are they?

Answer 15

seedless vascular plants
* microphyllous
* can be either homo or heterosporous
* small herbs

Question 16

3 types of monilophytes

Answer 16

1. whisk ferns
2. horsetails
3. ferms

Question 17

whisk ferns characteristics

Answer 17

no true roots or leaves

Question 18

horsetails characteristics

Answer 18

• brushy stems
• microphyllous

Question 19

ferns characteristics

Answer 19

• diverse
• megaphylls
• produce sori

Question 20

what is the significance (current use) of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 20

creation of COAL