T31 - Clade Amniotes

Question 1

What are the three shared, derived traits of Amniotes?

Answer 1

1. KEY: the amniotic egg
2. internal fertilization and the intromittent organ
3. direct development

Question 2

Allantois

Answer 2

the extraembryonic membrane responsible for waste-disposal and gas-exchange

Question 3

Extraembryonic membrane

Answer 3

a membrane used to support the developing embryo before hatching

Question 4

Chorion

Answer 4

An extraembryonic membrane responsible for O2/CO2 excange from the embryo to the air across the shell

Question 5

Amnion

Answer 5

an extraembryonic membrane that protects the embryo from mechanical stock e.g. dessication

Question 6

Yolk sac

Answer 6

an extraembryonic membrane that contains yolk

Question 7

yolk

Answer 7

stored nutrients for the embryo

Question 8

which part(s) of the amniotic egg are responsible for gas exchange?

Answer 8

allantois, chorion

Question 9

which part(s) of the amniotic egg are responsible for nutrients?

Answer 9

yolk sac and albumen

Question 10

which part(s) of the amniotic egg are responsible for protection against dessication?

Answer 10

shell, amnion chorion

Question 11

What are other features of reproduction/egg that amniotes do differently?

Answer 11

• reproduction is independent of water
• eggs are laid on land or within the mother

Question 12

intromittent organ

Answer 12

external genitalic organ that delivers sperm

Question 13

True or false. Because copulation does not need to be inside water, amniots participate in external fertilization

Answer 13

FALSE. internal means inside the organism.

Question 14

T/F: Some species within clade amniotes, like reptiles, develop independently, with larval stages.

Answer 14

FALSE: all amniotes directly develop into their terrestrial form

Question 15

Other than their shared, derived traits (of amniotic egg, internal fertilization of intromittent organ, direct development), what are other parts of the body plan that help amniotes in terrestrial life?

Answer 15

1. skin impermeable to water or air
2. axial skeletal muscles that ventilate lungs (ribs)

Question 16

Describe the earliest amniotes

Answer 16

small predators with sharp teeth and long jaws (like lizards)

Question 17

What is the distinguishing factor between

1. anapsids
2. synapsids
3. diapsids ?

Answer 17

the number of major openings (temporal fenestra) in the post-eye area of the skull

1. anapsid: zero
2. synapsids: one pair of temporal fenestra
3. diapsids: two pairs of temporal fenestra