T27 - Clade Vertrbrata Flashcards
(29 cards)
What phylum is clade vertebrata in?
chordata
What phylum does clade Vertebra reside in?
Phylum Chordata
The vertebral column is a shared, derived trait of clade vertebrata. What part of their predecessor’s body plan does the verbral column replace?
Notocord
function of the vertebral column
rigidity, attachment sites of muscles
What are the 6 shared, derived traits of Clade Vertebrata?
HINT: all of them are related to body plan
- vertebral column
- cranium
- 2+ Hox genes
- Neural crest cells
- dorsal, anal, and tail fins
- modified circulatory system
is it possible for vertebrates to have no backbone?
yes e.g. hagfishes and lampreys
they also do not have jaws
Cytostomes (jawless vertebrates) body plan
- jawless
- no backbone, only rudimentary vertebrae
What is the body plan of Hagfishes (Myxini)? CVC
- cartilaginous cranium
- reduced vertebrae
- flexible cartilage rod
What are the ecological roles of Hagfishes (Myxini)?
- marine-living
- scavengers
What do Hargishes (Myxini) do when attacked?
excude fibrous slimes
What is the body plan of Lampreys (Petromyzontida)?
What body parts come with their cartilaginous skeleton? what fins do they have?
- cartilaginous skeleton WITH:
- more elaborate jawless cranium
- gill basket
- rudimentary vertebral elements
- notochord with cartilaginous segments
- ONLY dorsal and tail fins
What are the ecological roles of Lampreys (Petromyzontida)?
marine parasites (of fish)
What are the 6 shared, derived traits of Clade Gnathostomes?
Go further: describe each of these traits:
1. Opposing jaws
2. mineralization of skeleton
3. two pairs of lateral appendages
4. four sets of hox genes
5. enlarged forebrain
6. lateral line system
Ossification
becoming bone
cartilage –> bone
cartilage
flexible connective tissue with an abundance of collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate
how do bones form in gnathostomes?
through the ossification of cartilage in the development of the embryo with calcium phosphate
What is the body plan of Chonrichthyans? cartilaginous fish with cartilage ____ and Bony ____?
cartilaginous fish
- cartilage endoskeleton
- bony teeth
- bony placoid scales
What are the habitats of Hargishes (Myxini)?
mostly marine, some freshwater
What is the body plan of Sharks?
- denser than water, swimming constantly
- get water in their gills vial buccal pumping
- cloacas and acute sensory systems
- copulating sexual reproduction
What are the ecological roles of sharks?
can be suspension-feeders of zooplankton, mostly carnivores
buccal pumping
when an organism gulps water through their mouths to ventilate their gills
cloaca
a posterior orifice for emptying digestive and urinary waste AND reproductive tracts
explain the three sensory systems of sharks:
1. nostrils
2. electroreceptors
3. lateral line system
- olfactory receptors
- detection of electrical fields of nearby animals
- detecting vibrations in water
