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A&P II > temperature regulation > Flashcards

temperature regulation Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

dietary pools of free amino acids and pools of carbohydrates and fats go thru the _____

A

liver

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2
Q

in the process of pools of free amino acids transforming into pools of carbs + fats, ______ is removed and the excess are excreted in urine

A

ammonia (NH3) – deaminated

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3
Q

metabolic states (2):

A
  • absorptive

- postabsorptive

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4
Q

type of metabolic state: during or right after a meal; nutrient levels are high; major rnxs are ANABOLIC

A

absorptive

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5
Q

type of metabolic state: sometime after a meal; GI track is empty; takes reserves (storage molecules) and break them down; CATABOLIC rxns

A

postabsorptive

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6
Q

absorptive metabolic state = _______ rxns

A

ANABOLIC

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7
Q

postabsorptive metabolic state = ________ rxns

A

CATABOLIC

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8
Q

hormonal control components of GLUCOSE control:

A
  • insulin

- glucagon

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9
Q

hormonal control: major hormone of absorptive state; HI glucose levels stimulate pancreas to produce this; DECREASE blood sugar – glycogenesis, protein synthesis; prompts cells to take in glucose

A

insulin

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10
Q

hormonal control: antagonistic; LOW glucose levels stimulate production; INCREASE blood sugar – gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, glycogenolysis

A

glucagon

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11
Q

insulin and glucagon are produced by the _______

A

pancreas

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12
Q

neural control components of GLUCOSE control (2):

A
  • sympathetic stimulation

- epinephrine

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13
Q

neural control: changes use of glucose; most signal to go to adipose tissue; also to adrenal; increase blood sugar

A

sympathetic stimulation

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14
Q

neural control: signals to adrenal medulla; lipolysis + glycogenolysis; increase blood sugar

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

____ blood sugar levels stimulate the neural controls (sympathetic stimulation + epinephrine)

A

LOW

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16
Q

what metabolic state are the neural controls active in?

A

postabsorptive

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17
Q

liver functions (2):

A

1) produce very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

2) break down HDL

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18
Q

cholesterol is a ________ molecule, NOT functional

A

structural

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19
Q

cholesterol cannot travel without a carrier protein called a ______

A

lipoprotein

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20
Q

carry proteins or lipids in the form of cholesterol

A

lipoproteins

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21
Q

VLDL =

A

very low density lipoproteins

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22
Q

VLDL is transformed into _______ if cholesterol is pulled off; after cholesterol is delived to cells that needs it, it become ______; then it is repacked with cholesterol in the ______liv

A

LDL
HDL
liver

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23
Q

a lot of cholesterol is loaded on lipoproteins in the _____

24
Q

types of metabolic rates (2):

Study These Flashcards
A
  • basal metabolic rate (BMR)

- total metabolic rate (TMR)

25
type of metabolic rate: amount of energy needed for ESSENTIAL activtie of life; NOT moving; chill
BMR (basal metabolic rate)
26
type of metabolic rate: amount of energy needed for all movement and essential functions of life; basal + everything else
TMR (total metabolic rate)
27
by product of metabolism
heat
28
ways to measure BMR (2):
- colorimeter | - respirometer
29
way to measure BMR: measure heat; DIRECT
colorimeter
30
way to measure BMR: measure oxygen consumption; INDIRECT
respirometer
31
colorimeter is a ______ measurment
direct
32
respirometer is a _______ measurement
indirect
33
for both measurements of BMR (colorimeter + respirometer), the person must be in __________ metabolic state and be at ______
postabsorptive (fast for 12 hours) | rest
34
balance between heat production and heat loss; exchange of blood between SHELL and CORE of body
body temperature
35
body temp is relatively _______
constant
36
types of heat exchange (4):
- radiation - conduction - convection - evaporation
37
type of heat exchange: occurs between any two objects when their temperatures differ; transfer of heat via infrared waves; lost heat to the enviroment (if it colder than you)
radiation
38
type of heat exchange: transfer of heat by two objects that are in direct contact with one another; occurs when the skin comes in contact with a cold or warm object
conduction
39
type of heat exchange: increased heat exhange through airflow; transfer of heat to the air surrounding the skin; can also occur in water
convection
40
type of heat exchange: liquid (sweat) -----> gas; takes heat with it
evaporation
41
2 types of evaporation:
- sensible water loss | - insensible water loss
42
type of evaporation: evaporate ON PURPOSE; aka sweating
sensible water loss
43
type of evaporation: breathing/moisteining the air
insensible water loss
44
heat-PROMOTING mechanisms (5):
- vasoconstriction - increase metabolic rate - shivering - thyroxine release - behavioral mechanisms
45
heat-promoting mechanism: keep blood within core and prevent it from going to the shell
vasoconstriction
46
heat-promoting mechanism: increase norepinephrine + cell respiration; nonshivering thermogenesis
increase metabolic rate
47
nonshivering thermogenesis =
increasing metabolic rate
48
heat-promoting mechanism: shivering thermogenesis; involuntary muscle contractions; works with goosebumps to trap produced heat
shivering
49
heat-promoting mechanism: only occurs in BABIES; they increase this to increase heat
thyroxine release
50
heat-promoting mechanism: become physically active; change posture (curl into a ball); drink warm drinks; warm clothes; get under covers
behavioral mechanisms
51
heat-LOSS mechanisms (3):
- vasodilation - sweating - behavioral mechanisms
52
heat-loss mechanism: more blood is transferred to the shell for heat exchange
vasodilation
53
heat-loss mechanism: release liquid, which evaporates and takes heat away with it
sweating
54
heat-loss mechanism: decreasing physical activity; move to a cooler place; wear looser and lighter colored clothing; jump in pool
behavioral mechanisms
55
fever process (5):
1) cells release pyrogens 2) pyrogens cause hypothalamus to release prostaglandins 3) prostaglandins reset thermostat 4) vasoconstriction and shivering result 5) body temp increases
56
heat ______ HAS to exceed heat ______
production; loss

A&P II (11 decks)

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