the heart <3

Question 1

the heart is approx. the size of a ____

Answer 1

fist

Question 2

where is the heart located?

Answer 2

middle of the chest

Question 3

the cavity of the heart =

Answer 3

mediastinum

Question 4

top of the heart =

Answer 4

base

Question 5

bottom of the heart =

Answer 5

apex (pointy part)

Question 6

true/false: the heart flipped during development

Answer 6

true

Question 7

heart covering: outermost part of sack; dense CT; anchors heart in place and protects it

Answer 7

fibrous pericardium

Question 8

heart covering: layer directly under fibrous pericardium and is composed of 2 layers

Answer 8

serous membrane

Question 9

what are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 9

• parietal layer

- visceral layer

Question 10

heart covering: layer belonging to heart cavity

Answer 10

parental layer

Question 11

heart covering: layer belonging to organ; actual outer surface of the heart

Answer 11

visceral layer (aka epicardium)

Question 12

the visceral layer of the heart is also known as the ________

Answer 12

epicardium

Question 13

heart covering: space between the parietal and visceral layer of the serous pericardium that is filled with fluid

Answer 13

pericardial cavity

Question 14

fluid of the pericardial cavity

Answer 14

pericardial fluid

Question 15

functions of the pericardial fluid (3):

Answer 15

• protection
• prevents friction
• dissipates heat

Question 16

3 heart layers

Answer 16

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 17

heart layer: visceral layer of the serous pericardium; connective tissue

Answer 17

epicardium

Question 18

the epicardium is made out of ____ tissue

Answer 18

connective

Question 19

heart layer: cardiac MUSCLE layer

Answer 19

myocardium

Question 20

heart layer: lining of the heart; made of squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 20

endocardium

Question 21

endocardium is made out of what type of tissue?

Answer 21

simple squamous epithelium

Question 22

true/false: right side of heart is completely separated from the left

Answer 22

true! (increases efficiency of circulation

Question 23

top chambers of heart

Answer 23

atria

Question 24

bottom chambers of heart; within the apex

Answer 24

ventricles

Question 25

separates left and right ATRIUM

Answer 25

interatrial septum

Question 26

separates left and right VENTRICLES

Answer 26

inter ventricular septum

Question 27

groove that runs around top of heart

Answer 27

coronary sulcus

Question 28

groove/depression that runs at a diagonal on front (anterior) side of heart and vertical on the back (posterior) side of heart (when you have heart @ 6:00)

Answer 28

interventricular groove

Question 29

two extensions of the heart chambers; increase SA; "ear lobes"

Answer 29

auricles

Question 30

muscles in wall of atria

Answer 30

pectinate muscles

Question 31

seal membrane left over from short-cut connection as a fetus

Answer 31

fossa ovalis

Question 32

muscles in ventricles; function is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently.

Answer 32

trabeculae carneae

Question 33

muscles in the ventricles that connect to the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae

Answer 33

papillary muscles

Question 34

chamber-related blood vessels (2) that empty into right atrium

Answer 34

vena cava (both superior and inferior) + coronary sinus

Question 35

superior vena cava carries blood to the _____

Answer 35

upper body

Question 36

inferior vena cava carries blood to the _____

Answer 36

lower body

Question 37

chamber-related blood vessel: empties into left atrium

Answer 37

pulmonary veins (left AND right)

Question 38

chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle into the lungs; away from heart

Answer 38

pulmonary artery/trunk

Question 39

chamber-related blood vessel: carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Answer 39

aorta

Question 40

blood circuit to the lungs

Answer 40

pulmonary circuit

Question 41

blood circuit to the body

Answer 41

systemic circuit

Question 42

Blood is supplied to the heart by its own vascular system, called _____ _____

Answer 42

coronary circulation

Question 43

arteries of the coronary circulation (5):

Answer 43

- coronary arteries - anterior interventricular artery - circumflex artery - marginal artery - posterior interventricular artery

Question 44

veins of the coronary ciruclation (6):

Answer 44

- cardiac veins - ---> great cardiac vein - ---> middle cardiac vein - ---> small cardiac vein - ---> anterior cardiac veins - coronary sinus

Question 45

connections that make alternate pathways in the heart; "alternate channels"

Answer 45

anastomoses

Question 46

regulators of blood flow

Answer 46

valves

Question 47

flow of blood flow is determined by difference in _____

Answer 47

pressure

Question 48

blood goes from ____ pressure to ____ pressure

Answer 48

hi to low

Question 49

valves prevent ____ of blood

Answer 49

backflow (hi pressure in atria ----> goes to ventricles)

Question 50

valves located between atria and ventricles; have a left and a right; prevent backflow of blood from ventricles back to the atria; "rafi or cusps"

Answer 50

atrioventricular valves (AV valvles)

Question 51

AV valves are also called ____ or ____

Answer 51

"rafi or cusps"

Question 52

AV valve on the RIGHT side

Answer 52

tricuspid

Question 53

AV valve on the LEFT side; more pressure on this side

Answer 53

bicuspid (or "mitral") valve

Question 54

contraction of heart causes an ____ in pressure

Answer 54

increase

Question 55

when pressure in the ventricles is higher, the ____ valves SHUT and and the ____ valvles OPEN

Answer 55

AV shut | semilunar (SL) open

Question 56

bands of fibrous tissue which attach the AV valves (bell flaps) to the papillary muscles

Answer 56

cordae tendineae

Question 57

muscles that contract to prevent inversion of AV valves when the ventricles are contracting (systole)

Answer 57

papillary muscles

Question 58

heart valve at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, and consisting of cusps or flaps that prevent the backflow of the blood during systole

Answer 58

semilunar valve

Question 59

left semilunar valve

Answer 59

aortic semilunar valve

Question 60

right semilunar valve

Answer 60

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 61

characteristics of cardiac muscle (3):

Answer 61

- striated (unlike skeletal) - uni-nucleated (LIKE skeletal) - interaclated discs

Question 62

cardiac muscle: adjacent cells are connected by _______ and ____ ______

Answer 62

desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 63

______ are communicating junctions that allow for "functional synctom" (aka both ventricles contract at the same time or both atria attract at the same time)

Answer 63

desmosomes