TEST 1 Flashcards
1
Q
White blood cells and plasma make up what? ________________
A
The Buffy Coat
2
Q
Not having any granules (Nonglandular Leukocytes) is called?
A
Agranulocytes
3
Q
Blood clotting reaction involves what type of ions?
A
Calcium ions
4
Q
Eosinophils Their primary mode of attack involves _______________.
A
Exocytosis
5
Q
Hematocrit is a measure of
A
The percentage of total blood volume composed of erythrocytes.
6
Q
Normal White Blood Cell Counts vary from ____________ to ____________ cells per mm3 of blood.
A
3,500 to 10,500
7
Q
Refers to the passage of WBCs by ameboid movements through the unruptured wall of a capillary vessel. _________________
A
Diapedesis
8
Q
Solid cellular portion of the blood Accounts for about 45% of the blood volume This is called ________________?
A
Formed Elements
9
Q
Cells that are involved with direct attacks against foreign cells (invaders) are ______________?
A
T Cells (Lymphocytes)
10
Q
Blood is a thick fluid Its viscosity is 3 - 4 times thicker than water. This is called?
A
Viscous Fluid
11
Q
Type O Blood Preferred Blood type: Permissible in an Emergency:
A
Preferred Blood type: Type O Permissible in an Emergency: Type O
12
Q
_______ are phagocytic, have a trilobed nucleus, and make up the largest percentage of leukocytes.
A
Neutrophils
13
Q
What enables RBC to bend and flex when entering Small Capillaries?
A
Deformability
14
Q
14 - 18 gm per 100 ml of whole blood is a normal value of hemoglobin for an adult male or female?
A
Male
15
Q
What type of antibodies are in the plasma on Type B blood?
A
Anti-A
16
Q
What type of antibodies are in the plasma on Type O blood?
A
Both Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies in the plasma
17
Q
Old, damaged, or defective erythrocytes are removed from the blood by?
A
Macrophages
18
Q
Genes for ABO Blood Groups are located on Chromosome _____
A
9
19
Q
A Mature Red Blood Cell is referred to as an ______________?
A
Erythrocyte
20
Q
The type of white blood cell that is often the first to arrive at the site of infection is a granulocyte, and the member of this group that stains light purple is a ______________.
A
Neutrophil
21
Q
Its nucleus is expelled with a small amount of Cytoplasm The remaining cell is referred to as a ________________.
A
Reticulocyte
22
Q
Why would Type O Blood be Considered the Universal Donor?
A
O blood cells contain neither A or B antigens on RBCs: Thus, they won’t react with possible antibodies that might be present in the recipient’s blood
23
Q
Cells in the red bone marrow that give rise to all the formed elements of the blood are called?
A
Stem Cells
24
Q
The average circulating life span of a RBC is?
A
120 Days
25
Type B Blood Genotype: Phenotype:
Genotype: BB or BO Phenotype: B
26
Defined as a clot or fragment of a clot, fatty mass, bubble of air, or other debris Moving in the Blood Vessel. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Embolus
27
WBC counts Below 3500 per mm3 is categorized as
Leukopenia
28
Type B Blood Preferred Blood type: Permissible in an Emergency:
Preferred Blood type: Type B Permissible in an Emergency: Type B, O
29
Characteristics of red blood cells include?
Biconcave Disks
30
After age 4, ___________ begin to appear in the long bones.
Fat Cells
31
True or False: A mature red blood cell lacks a Nucleus
True (Therefore its unable to undergo mitosis)
32
Choose the correct order for the steps of hemostasis.
blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation
33
Formed Elements are suspended in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
The Plasma
34
Capable of ingesting only small particles. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Neutrophils
35
Thrombocytes release what hormone involved with vasoconstriction?
Serotonin
36
Type of plasma protein Produced in Lymphatic Tissues Immune Function: Include the Proteins that function as Antibodies that attack pathogens is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Gamma Globulins
37
Type O Blood Genotype: Phenotype:
Genotype: OO Phenotype: O
38
Waste product produced during the metabolism of Creatine and also stores energy in its phosphate bonds. This product is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Creatinine
39
Damaged tissue release Tissue ________________ and this initiates a series of reactions involving several clotting factors
Thromboplastin (Factor III)
40
Blood is considered what on the Ph Scale?
Slightly Alkaline
41
The Liquid part of the blood that is composed of water and a mixture of organic & inorganic substances is called?
Blood Plasma
42
Contain sufficient Hemoglobin to exhibit pink staining within the Cytoplasm They have Nuclei and all the Organelles (Polyribosomes) needed to synthesize large amounts of Hemoglobin Nucleus gradually becomes smaller to accommodate a large quantity of Hemoglobin These are characteristics of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Erythroblasts
43
Stem cells are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hemocytoblast
44
Type of Leukocyte that: Contain large granules stain a deep blue / violet with a Basic Dye Granules are so course that they may Obscure the view of the nucleus
Basophils
45
If an Rh-negative Person is Exposed to Rh-positive Blood
Anti-Rh antibodies are produced in response Anti-Rh antibodies are not produced spontaneously
46
What type of antibodies are in the plasma on Type A blood?
Anti-B
47
Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?
No
48
Examples of Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances (NPNs) are:
Amino Acids, Urea, and Uric Acid
49
Type of Leukocyte that: Neutral staining capabilities Fine granules that are Lavender in color Nucleus: 2-5 Lobes that may be connected to one another by very thin strands
Neutrophils
50
Defined as a blood clot that remains stationary in a blood vessel. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Thrombus
51
Blood is classified as what type of tissue?
Connective
52
Plasma nutrient transported to the Liver Used to synthesize Proteins or are deaminated for use as energy sources. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Amino Acids
53
When platelets stick to other platelets at the sites of injury this is called what?
Aggregation
54
The two main components of blood are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Plasma Formed Elements
55
What enables RBC to form stacks like dinner plates?
Rouleaux
56
Biochemical involved with clotting that inhibits coagulation. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Anticoagulants
57
Vitamin B12 is needed for what?
DNA Synthesis
58
Monocytes migrate into the CT and they become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Macrophages
59
What two ions are the most abundant plasma electrolytes?
Sodium and Chloride
60
The largest white blood cells are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Monocytes
61
Which leukocyte's main function is phagocytosis?
Neutrophil
62
Plasma nutrient that includes Fats (Triglycerides), Phospholipids and Cholesterol and functions to transports lipids.
Plasma Lipids
63
Order of highest percentage of leukocytes present in a blood sample is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
(Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas) Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils:
64
Normal values of red blood cell counts in an adult female is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
4.2 – 5.4 million cells per mm3
65
Arrange the following five events in the order they occur as erythrocytes are broken down:
1. bilirubin is conjugated to glucuronic acid
2. bilirubin is excreted in bile
3. biliverdin is produced
4. free bilirubin is produced
5. hemoglobin is broken down to heme groups and globin molecules
5,3,4,1,2
66
Granulocytes develop in the Red Bone Marrow and are Produced from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hemocytoblasts (Hematopoietic Stem Cells)
67
Functions of Albumins include:
1.) Help Maintain the Osmotic Pressure 2.) Helps to maintain pH of blood plasma 3.) Bind and transport materials such as Bilirubin, Free Fatty Acids and Steroid Hormones
68
Antibodies are defense substances produced by the _____ cells.
B (Lymphocyte)
69
What type of antigens are on Type AB blood?
Both A and B
70
Averaged size adult will have a blood volume of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
5 liters
71
Which type of cells also release histamine?
Mast Cells
72
Erythropoietin (EPO) is Released in Response to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Low Oxygen levels
73
The basic event of coagulation is the conversion of soluble plasma protein Fibrinogen (Factor I) into insoluble threads of the protein \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibrin
74
Capable of engulfing relatively large substances. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Monocytes
75
What is responsible for the cell’s ability to transport?
Hemoglobin
76
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
Type AB
77
Condition by which Leukocytes are attracted to chemicals released by damaged cells or Bacteria that are multiplying is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Positive Chemotaxis
78
Cell that remains after its Nucleus has been ejected Contains 80% of the hemoglobin of a mature RBC Although, it lacks a Nucleus, hemoglobin synthesis continues due to the presence of Polyribosomes
Reticulocyte
79
40 - 54% are the normal hemocrit values of a adult female or male?
Male
80
Type A Blood Preferred Blood type: Permissible in an Emergency:
Preferred Blood type: Type A Permissible in an Emergency: Type A, O
81
Jaundice is a buildup of __________ in the circulation and interstitial spaces.
Bilirubin
82
Rh antigens are an inherited trait and this genetic information is located on Chromosome \_\_\_
#1
83
Nucleus is quite Small No Basophilic Cytoplasm is evident At this time it would appear Pink in color These are characteristics of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Normoblast
84
In the process of hemopoiesis, myeloblasts give rise to what type of granulocyte?
Basophils
85
Low Oxygen Levels may be caused by:
High Altitude (Atmospheric Pressure decreases and O2 availability is reduced) Blood Loss Chronic Lung Disease
86
Homeostasis is defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The Stoppage of Bleeding
87
12 - 16 gm per 100 ml of whole blood is a normal value of hemoglobin for an adult male or female?
Female
88
Leukopenia may be assoicated with:
Viral infections: Measles, Mumps, or AIDS Lead, arsenic or mercury poisoning Radiation exposure
89
Which leukocytes help to control allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
90
This refers to the clumping of Red Blood Cells in response to a reaction between an Antigen and an Antibody.
Agglutination
91
Erythopoesis is controlled by?
Negative Feedback
92
This is triggered when blood contacts damaged blood vessel walls or tissues Outside blood vessels. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Extrinsic Clotting Mechanism
93
These leukocytes produce enzymes that reduce the inflammatory response and are associated with allergies or parasitic infections.
Eosinophils
94
Reaction sequence for blood clotting involves:
Tissue Thromboplastin (Factor III) in the presence of Calcium ions (Factor IV) Activates Factor VII Factor VIIa
95
Clear, straw-colored Liquid Portion of blood Accounts for about 55% of the blood volume This is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Plasma
96
The production of RBCs is affected by the availability of two of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
B-complex Vitamins (Vitamin B12)
97
Relatively large cell with loose, lacy Chromatin Clearly Visible Nucleoli Basophilic Cytoplasm These are characteristics of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Proerythroblast
98
Which plasma proteins help transport lipids in the bloodstream?
alpha and beta globulins
99
Platelets release the hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Serotonin
100
Three gas involved in plasma are: 1.) 2.) 3.)
Oxygen, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen
101
Results of an Increase in the concentration of Deoxyhemoglobin . \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Cyanosis
102
Which formed element is part of the Body's Defense System?
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
103
When the amount of Iron is low, the rate of absorption \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Increases
104
Most abundant, but smallest of the plasma proteins and account for about 60% of the Plasma Proteins Synthesized in the Liver is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Albumins
105
When the tissues become saturated with Iron, the rate of absorption \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Decreases
106
Erythropoiesis gradually decreases in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Shaft of the long bones
107
Proteins that are found on the surfaces of the RBC membranes are called?
Antigens
108
The neutrophil count is often greatly increased in a patient with
a bacterial infection.
109
What hormone causes smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels to contract Helps maintain the vascular (vessel) spasm?
Serotonin
110
Function to defend the body against disease causing agents. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
White Blood Cells (WBC)
111
Necessary for the function of some clotting factors. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Vitamin K
112
An increase in the number of white blood cells is called
Leukocytosis
113
Human cells have ___ chromosomes
46 (23 pairs each in their nuclei)
114
Mixing Rh-positive RBCs with Plasma that Contains anti-Rh Antibodies results in:
Agglutination of the Rh-positive RBCs
115
Produce Growth Factors that influence hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Macrophages
116
The most effective means of Hemostasis and it causes the formation of a blood clot by Activating a series of reactions. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Blood Coagulation
117
Type AB Blood Genotype: Phenotype:
Genotype: AB Phenotype: AB
118
What type of antigens are on Type O blood?
Neither A or B antigens on RBCs
119
Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes) normal count varies from ______________ platelets per mm3
150,000 to 350,000
120
Condition characterized by Yellowness of skin, whites of eyes, mucous membranes and body fluids due to depositing of Bile Pigments resulting from excess Bilirubin in the blood This is defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Jaundice
121
Two Types of Agranulocytes are......
(1) Monocytes (2) Lymphoctyes
122
Type of Leukocyte that: Coarse, uniformly sized granules that stain Bright Red /Orange with acid dye Eosin Nucleus is Bilobed
Eosinophils
123
Which two white blood cells carry out Phagocytosis of foreign and harmful substances?
Neutrophils and Monocytes
124
Which formed element accounts for 99% of formed elements?
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
125
Type AB Blood Preferred Blood type: Permissible in an Emergency:
Preferred Blood type: Type AB Permissible in an Emergency: Type AB, A, B,O
126
What type of antigens are on Type A blood?
A antigens
127
Type of plasma protein synthesized in the Liver Functions: Transport Lipids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Alpha and Beta Globulins
128
Cyanosis causes what?
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
129
Sequence of cells are 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.)
(P.E.N.R.E) 1.)Proerythroblast 2. Erythoblast 3.) Normoblast 4.)Recticulocyte 5.) Erythocyte
130
Cells that are involved with Antibody Formation which act against various foreign substances entering the body are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
B Cells (Lymphocytes)
131
What are the 3 types of formed elements?
Red Blood Cells, Platelets, White Blood Cells
132
Basophils release ___________ which inhibits Blood Clotting Interferes with the formation of the Prothrombin Activator.
Heparin
133
Which of the following statements is true of antigen-antibody interactions?
They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.
134
Tiny fragments of membrane enclosed cytoplasm that are pinched off from giant cells in the bone marrow called Megakaryocytes. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Blood Platelets / Thrombocytes
135
Neutrophils are also called Polymorphonuclear leukocytes /PMNs which means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Many shaped nucleus
136
The hormone involved in erythopoesis is what?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
137
Hormones are produced by?
Endocrine Glands
138
Type of Leukocyte that: Contain granules in their cytoplasm Granules contain potent Enzymes that destroy ingested bacteria The granules are Secretory Vesicles and Lysosomes
Granulocytes
139
Make up about 4% of the Plasma Proteins, but largest of the Plasma Proteins Synthesized in the Liver and is Involved in Blood Clotting is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibrinogen
140
True or False Leukocytes (WBC) have nuclei.
True
141
What type of antigens are on Type B blood?
B antigens
142
A compound formed when Oxygen combines with Hemoglobin Blood is Bright Red in color
Oxyhemoglobin
143
Platelets adhere to the Rough Surfaces of the injury and to the exposed Collagen in the CT that underlies the endothelial lining of blood vessels. This is defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Adhesion
144
True or False: A mature red blood cell lacks Mitochondria
True (Therefore it depends on Glycolysis to meet its energy needs)
145
Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:
Plasma
146
What type of antibodies are in the plasma on Type AB blood?
No antibodies in the plasma
147
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the smallest leukocytes; some produce antibodies.
Lymphocytes
148
These leukocytes produce heparin and histamine; they play a role in inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Basophils
149
Normal values of red blood cell counts in an adult male is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
4.7 – 6.1 million cells per mm3
150
Type A Blood Genotype: Phenotype:
Genotype: AA or AO Phenotype: A
151
Sequence of Erythropoesis 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) 6.)
Begin with a Hemocytoblast (Hematopoietic Stem Cell) Proerythroblast Erythroblast Normoblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte (Mature Red Blood Cell)
152
Which formed element helps to control blood loss?
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
153
Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur during platelet plug formation:
1. platelet adhesion
2. platelet aggregation
3. platelet release reaction
1,3,2
154
Refers to Hemoglobin that has released its Oxygen Gives blood a Bluish Appearance
Deoxyhemoglobin
155
Plasma nutrient stored in the Liver as Glycogen and is released whenever the blood glucose level falls Excess glucose may be altered to form Fat. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Glucose
156
Platelet plug main function is to do what?
Help control blood loss
157
37 - 47% are the normal hemocrit values of a adult female or male?
Female
158
A blood clot that breaks free and travels in the blood stream is called an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Embolus
159
The blood volume of an averaged sized male is
5-6 liters
160
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are dissolved in the plasma Begin to appear spontaneously, for unknown reasons at about 2-8 Months after birth
Antibodies
161
The blood volume of an averaged sized female is
4-5 liters
162
Biochemical involved with clotting that promotes coagulation. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Procoagulants (ex. Fibrinogen, Prothrombin)
163
Major Component of Blood Plasma (92%) is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Water
