TEST 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Pericardial fluids main function is to do what?
A
Moisten the opposing surfaces of the Heart within the Pericardial Sac as the Heart contracts and relaxes
2
Q
Fibers that conduct impulses to the AV node are called _________.
A
Junctional Fibers
3
Q
Blood vessels that carry blood to the Heart are called what?
A
Veins (Returns blood to the heart)
4
Q
The Pericardial Cavity contains about 25-35 ml. of ____________?
A
Pericardial Fluid
5
Q
Valve that PERMITS blood movement from the Right Atrium to the Right Ventricle is?
A
The Tricuspid Valve
6
Q
Forms the inner lining of the Fibrous Pericardium. __________
A
Parietal Pericardium
7
Q
Layer of the heart that functions to contract and Pump the blood out of the Heart is?
A
The Myocardium
8
Q
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart are called what?
A
Arteries
9
Q
Relatively Thin layer in arteries is the ___________.
A
Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
10
Q
An abnormal heart beat is called a ____________.
A
Murmur
11
Q
During Ventricular Contraction the______________ receives the Least Amount of Blood Supply.
A
Myocardium
12
Q
The Right Ventricle has a _____________ muscular Wall than the Left Ventricle.
A
Thinner
13
Q
Lowering of the body temperature causes a Decrease in Heart rate. This is termed?
A
Hypothermia
14
Q
The heart is located___________________?
A
Within the Mediastinum and rests on the Diaphragm
15
Q
The layer that constitutes the greatest mass of the Heart wall is the?
A
Myocardium
16
Q
When stimulated, arterial smooth muscles contract and this Reduces the diameter of the blood vessel being defined as _________________.
A
Vasoconstriction
17
Q
When the Right Ventricle Contracts, the Tricuspid Valve ____________.
A
Closes
18
Q
The protective inner lining of the Heart is called?
A
Endocardium
19
Q
Why doesn’t Atrial Repolarization Appear as a Separate Wave in the EKG?
A
Because it is masked by the QRS Complex
20
Q
Aortic sound (S2) can be heard at what region?
A
2nd Intercostal Space
21
Q
Normal Adult Blood Pressure Values for SYSTOLIC is?
A
110 – 140 mm Hg
22
Q
Thickest layer and contains several layers of elastic fibers?
A
Tunica Media
23
Q
A large vein on the posterior surface of the Heart and all Cardiac Veins drain into this vessel. This is called ___________.
A
Coronary Sinus
24
Q
List in order the 3 layers of the heart from DEEP to SUPERFICIAL.
A
- Endocardium 2.Myocardium 3. Epicardium
25
As the Right Atrium contracts it forces blood through the _____________ and into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Tricuspid Valve; Right Ventricle
26
Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are involved with the Conduction System of the Heart are called?
Purkinje Fibers
27
Artery that appears on the surface of the Heart between the Pulmonary Trunk and the Right Atrium is?
Right Coronary Artery
28
Small Veins (microscopic in size) that collect blood from Capillaries and deliver it to larger Veins are called?
Venules
29
Which layer of the heart contains Purkinje Fibers?
Endocardium
30
The space between the Visceral and Parietal Layers is called?
The Pericardial Cavity
31
Circumflex Artery and Anterior Interventricular Artery (Anterior Descending Artery) are both branches of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Left Coronary Artery
32
An increase in either Stroke Volume or Heart Rate will _____________ Cardiac Output.
Increase
33
Structure that separates the Right and Left Atria is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Interatrial Septum
34
This separates the Tunica Intima from the Tunica Media and is only found in Arteries. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Internal Elastic Lamina
35
With dilation of the Arterioles, peripheral resistance does what?
Decreases
36
Valve that PREVENTS blood movement from the Right Ventricle to the Right Atrium.
The Tricuspid Valve
37
Dystole refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Relaxation
38
The First Part of the Cardiac Sound (S1) is associated with?
A-V Valves closing during Ventricular Contraction
39
Order of cardiac conduction system:
SA node, Atrial Syncytium, juctional fibers, Av node, Av bundle,bundle branches,purkinjie fiber,Vestibular syncytium.
40
The Opening between an Atrium and its Ventricle is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Atrioventricular Orifice
41
Thin-walled blood vessel carrying blood to the Heart under relatively Low pressure is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Vein
42
What the main function of the systemic circuit?
To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
43
The cardiac sound "Lub" is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
S1
44
Drains blood from the wall of the Heart itself into the Right Atrium. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
The Coronary Sinus
45
Which wave represents Atrial Depolarization?
P Wave
46
The smallest of the resistance Arteries which deliver blood to a Capillary network are called?
Arterioles
47
Functions to provide alternate pathways for the flow of blood if one of the vessels becomes obstructed. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Anastomoses
48
Strong, fibrous strings that are attached to the cusps on the Ventricular side are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Chordae Tendineae
49
The Right Atrioventricular Orifice is Guarded by the ___________ valve.
Tricuspid Valve
50
The SA node contains what kind of cells that establish the Heart Rate.
Pacemaker Cells
51
Arranged to permit blood to flow Toward the heart not Backward in the opposite direction.
Valves
52
Coronary Sinus drains into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Right Atrium
53
The valve located between the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)
54
Muscles that extend inward from the Ventricular walls and they Attach to the Chordae Tendineae are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Papillary Muscles
55
Normal Adult Blood Pressure Values for DIASTOLIC is?
60 – 90 mm Hg
56
What allows the atria to communicate with the ventricles?
AV Bundle
57
Involves forcing molecules through a membrane by Hydrostatic Pressure of the blood, this is defined as?
Filtration
58
Pulmonary Trunk divides into the Right and Left \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pulmonary Arteries
59
The Left Atrioventricular Orifice is guarded by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
60
The base of the Pulmonary Trunk is guarded by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pulmonary (Semilunar) Valve
61
Plasma Proteins Generally Remain in the Blood because they are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Too Large to pass through the slits or pores
62
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ takes place between the blood in the Capillaries and the air in the Alveoli.
Gas Exchange
63
The base of the Aorta is guarded by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Aortic (Semilunar) Valve
64
Structure that separates the Right and Left Ventricles is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Interventricular Septum
65
If the smooth muscles in the walls of the Arterioles contract (Vasoconstriction) this will......
Increase Peripheral Resistance
66
Peripheral resistance is maintained by an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Increase or decrease in the size of the Arterioles
67
In the adult, all veins except for the ______________ carry deoxygenated blood.
Pulmonary Veins
68
Increase in the Parasympathetic Impulses would result in what?
A slowing of the Heart rate (Decreasing)
69
Blood vessels in order from SUPERFICIAL to DEEP
Tunica interna, Tunica media, Tunica Externa
70
Graphic representation (recording) of the electrical changes in the Myocardium as it contracts and relaxes during a Cardiac Cycle is called an \_\_\_\_\_.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
71
Posterior Interventricular Artery and Marginal Artery are both branches of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Right Coronary Artery
72
Refers to the rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall due to the Ventricular contraction is defined as?
Pulse
73
Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the Heart from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus
74
The valve located between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Tricuspid Valve
75
Heartbeat below 60 BPM is defined as?
Bradycardia
76
The Left Atrium receives blood from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4 Pulmonary Veins (2 from right lung, 2 from left lung)
77
The first heart sound can be heard at what region?
5th Intercostal Space
78
Systole refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Contraction
79
Connection or Joining of Vessels is defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Anastomoses
80
Represents the highest point of blood pressure in the Arteries as the Ventricles contract.
Systolic Pressure
81
The period when the entire Heart returns to its resting or Polarized state and has no detectable Electrical changes is called?
Baseline
82
Flaps of fibrous tissue that project from the Heart wall into the opening between the Atrium and Ventricle are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. They are also lined with a layer of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Cups; Endothelium
83
When the Ventricular muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the blood begins to back up in the ___________ and this causes the Pulmonary (Semilunar) Valve to close.
Relaxes ;Pulmonary Trunk
84
The layer that lines the inner chamber of the heart is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Endocardium
85
Decrease in either Stroke Volume or Heart Rate will ____________ Cardiac Output.
Decrease
86
Responsible for Pumping blood out of the Heart and into the Arteries are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Ventricles
87
The Second Part (“Dub” also known as “S2”) is Associated with
The Closing of the Semilunar Valves
88
The volume of blood discharged from the Ventricle with each contraction is called?
Stroke Volume
89
Most of the Blood Supplied to the Myocardium by the Coronary Arteries is Returned where?
To the Right Atrium by the Cardiac Veins
90
The Right Atrium receives blood from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Coronary Sinus
91
The Visceral Pericardium folds back upon itself and becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Parietal Pericardium
92
Special case of diffusion of Water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a Concentration Gradient, this is defined as?
Osmosis
93
The tunica interna is composed of what type of epithelial tissue?
Simple Squamous epithelium
94
Artery that appears on the surface of the Heart between the Pulmonary Trunk and the Left Atrium and then branches is?
Left Coronary Artery
95
The outer layer of the heart that is composed of thick, white fibrous CT and is a Loose-Fitting Sac is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibrous Pericardium
96
The Papillary Muscles __________ when their Ventricle contracts.
contract
97
Heart rate is regulated by the Cardiac Center is located where?
Medulla Oblongata
98
Responsible for receiving blood from the Veins are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Atria (Atrium)
99
Capillary blood flow is regulated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Precapillary Sphincters
100
Heartbeat above 100 BPM is defined as?
Tachycardia
101
Decrease in the Parasympathetic Impulses would allow for the heart rate to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Increase
102
The Right Ventricle Pumps Blood into the:
Pulmonary Trunk
103
Left Ventricle at the level of the 5th Intercostal Space makes up the
Apex
104
Heat sounds result from what?
Closing of the Cardiac Valves
105
Microscopic branches off Arterioles that will connect to Capillaries are called?
Metarterioles
106
The cardiac sound "Dub" is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
S2
107
Protective outer covering that contains blood & lymph capillaries and nerve fibers is called?
Epicardium (Visceral Layer)
108
The Pulmonary (Semilunar) Valve is Open as the ____________ Contracts
Right Ventricle
109
Delicate inner layer of the sac that covers the Heart is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
110
Each Orifice is guarded by an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Atrioventricular Valve (A-V Valve)
111
Vessels in order in which oxygenated blood passes through them.
1. Artery 2. Arteriole 3.Capillary 4. Venule 5.Vein
112
Represents the electrical activity associated with the Ventricular contraction. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
QRS Complex (Ventricular Depolarization)
113
Atrial Repolarization takes place at the same time of Ventricular Depolarization meaning what?
P wave and T wave take place at the same time.
114
The Left Ventricle Pumps Blood into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Aorta
115
In the systemic circuit blood leaves the heart and enters the blood vessel called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Aorta
116
Which wave represents Ventricular Repolarization?
T Wave
117
Represents the point of lesser pressure on the arterial walls as the Heart relaxes
Diastolic Pressure
118
What layer is the most prominent and contains much more collagen and elastic fibers.
Tunica Advenditia
119
What prevents blood from moving from the Aorta into the Left Ventricle during Ventricular Relaxation.
Aortic (Semilunar) Valve
120
Valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the Left Atrium from the Left Ventricle is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
121
In the systemic circuit, blood leaves the heart and enters the blood vessel called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
The aorta
122
The wall of the heart is composed of what 3 layers?
Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium
123
As more blood accumulates, its pressure increases in the Atria and forces the remaining 30% of blood into the Ventricles. This defines \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Atrial Systole
124
When the A-V Valves __________ the Papillary Muscles and Chordae Tendineae Prevent the cusps from swinging back into the Atria.
Close
125
Volume discharged from the ventricle per minute is called?
Cardiac Output
126
Refers to Increase in the diameter of a blood vessel.
Vasodilation
127
Which chamber of the heart contains the pacemaker (SA NODE)?
Right Atrium
