Test 3: lecture 1

Question 1

two modes of transport for CV system

Answer 1

bulk flow

diffusion

Question 2

Driving force for diffusion

Answer 2

concentration gradient (passive)

Question 3

driving force for bulk flow

Answer 3

perfusion pressure from heart pumping- relies on ATP

Question 4

AV valves have ___ muscles and ___

Answer 4

papillary

chordae tendineae (keep valves from everting)

Question 5

Tricuspid valve is a ___ valve from ___ to ___

Answer 5

AV

right atrium → right ventricle

Question 6

The Mitral valve is a ___ valve on what side of the heart

Answer 6

AV valve

left

Question 7

The aortic and pulmonary valves are ___ valves

Answer 7

semilunar

Question 8

pulmonary circuit is in series meaning__

Answer 8

all blood goes to lungs back to heart

Question 9

systemic circuit is in parallel

Answer 9

blood goes everywhere at once so each part can get oxygen

Question 10

which side is the volume reservior

Answer 10

venous

60%

Question 11

which side of the systemic circuit is the pressure reservior

Answer 11

arterial

Question 12

large arteries are made of

Answer 12

elastin

large smooth muscle

Question 13

medium sized artery is made of

Answer 13

less elastin

bigger tunica externa

Question 14

by ratio what type of vessel has the most smooth muscle

Answer 14

arteriole

Question 15

make up of large vein

Answer 15

Question 16

make up of medium sized vein

Answer 16

Question 17

make up of venule

Answer 17

Question 18

3 types of capillaries

Answer 18

continuous

fenestrated

sinusoid

Question 19

sinusoid capillaries are found in the ___

Answer 19

spleen, liver, bone marrow

big holes=big things come through

Question 20

thoracic duct empties into the

Answer 20

inferior vena cava

Question 21

nutritional blood supply for vessels

Answer 21

vasa vasorum

Question 22

what is in plasma

Answer 22

water

solutes proteins- albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, nitrogenous waste, organic nutrients

electrolytes

Question 23

RBC and platelets are made from ___

Answer 23

myeloid stem cells (innate)

Question 24

life cycle of RBC

Answer 24

myeloid stem cell → erythroblast → reticulocyte from bone marrow

leaves bone marrow, enters blood stream and becomes adult RBC

dies after 120 days→ eaten and broken down into

heme, iron ions and globin amino acids and cell components recycled by liver

Question 25

hemoglobin gets broken into \_\_

Answer 25

heme → biliverdin → (attaches to albumin) → bilirubin → liver → bile iron ion → iron ions bound to transferrin → ferritin → liver

Question 26

polycythemia

Answer 26

too many RBC

Question 27

microcytic

Answer 27

too small

Question 28

hypochromic

Answer 28

not enough O2 carried on hemoglobin

Question 29

% of RBC in whole blood

Answer 29

hematocrit/packed cell volume

Question 30

mean corpuscular volume

Answer 30

PCV/RBC fL or micrometer³

Question 31

Answer 31

normal anemia (not enough) polycythemia (too many)

Question 32

•1 g of Hb can carry ___ of O₂ when fully saturated

Answer 32

1.34 mL

Question 33

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Answer 33

Hb/RBC pg/cell

Question 34

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Answer 34

Hb/PCV g/dL

Question 35

Three major causes of anemia

Answer 35

blood loss early destruction of blood cells making RBC incorrectly

Question 36

two main types of anemia

Answer 36

regenerative non-regenerative

Question 37

regenerative anemia

Answer 37

something is killing RBC so body is making RBC more and releasing immature RBC to try to compensate for decrease in O2 carrying capacity **•****Macrocytic (increased MCV) (too big)** •Increased reticulocyte count (immature RBC) **•****Hypochromic (decreased MCHC)** •Examples•Hemolytic anemia•Hemorrhagic anemia

Question 38

Non-Regenerative Anemia

Answer 38

**not producing RBC correctly** * Normocytic or microcytic (MCV) (normal size or too small) * Normal or low reticulocyte count (low amount of immature RBC cause body is not making them) * Normochromic or hypochromic (MCHC) * Examples•Dietary anemia•Aplastic anemia•Renal anemia