The concordant

Question 1

when was the concordant

Answer 1

15 july 1801

Question 2

why was there a concordant

Answer 2

• notiations began as early as 1800
• Not made public to the french until april 1802 to coincide with Easter
• Major achievement and as masterstroke in reconciling many french catholics with the Neopleonic regime
• Napoleon was aware of the divisive nature of anticlerical reforms which had lead to the collapse of the revolution
• Election of pope pius VII gave napoleon an opportunity to heal wounds and prevent the growth of further opposition
• Previous pope had experienced the revolution,the taking of his land and was forced to pay emendities to napoleon

Question 3

What was the concordat

Answer 3

The motivations were not born from religious conviction but form form political calculations
If napoleon could win papel support the link between catholicism and royalist unrest would be broken
An agreement with Rome would also help France absorb its newly strong catholic territories in Belgium and Italy

Question 4

what did the catholic church gain form the concordant

Answer 4

• ## The French state recognised Catholicism as the religion of the majority of French men’.

Question 5

what did the french / Napoleon gain from the Concordat

Answer 5

• The Catholic Church recognised the new Consular Republic.

Question 6

what changes come about because of the concordat

Answer 6

• The Catholic Church would not try to regain its land.
• The clergy appointed and paid by the government to which they had to swear loyalty.
• The 1st Consul nominated archbishops and bishops who were invested by the Pope.
• Napoleon established a new structure:
  10 Archbishops
  60 Bishops
  3,000 Parishes
• State kept its hold on registering births, deaths and
  marriages.

Question 7

Amendments to the concordat

Answer 7

• Done without consultation to the pope
  April 1802 added the ‘organic articles’
• Emphasis the states control over the activity of the clergy
• Guaranteed the revolutionary principle of religious tolerance
• Enlightened as it gave tolerance to 70,000 protestants and 40,000 jews
• This made protestant and jewish synagogues subject to state control
• Concordats applied to all sister republic and the future French empire
• But motivations were not enlightened

Question 8

enlightened?

Answer 8

• Supported Napoleon’s claims of being an enlightened leader
• Ruffled ideas of voltaire and diderot
  Religious toleration, separation of church and state
• However stare control was top heavy so not very enlightened

Question 9

short term significance of the concordant

Answer 9

• Neutralised the Church and made it subordinate to the stare
• Reconciled the catholic church to the regime
  Helped pacify the unrest in the vendee
• Stresses the importance of religion in the area as the CCC had unleashed unrest and only a restoration to the catholic church calmed this
• Reassured the bein nationaux
• Helped secure the napoleonic regime
  Acceptance of the constitution of year X and made consul for life

Question 10

However by 1808 little remained of the reconciliation with the pope

Answer 10

• 1808 french troops occupied Rome (papal state)
• 1809 Napoleon imprisoned the pope and annexed the Papal states to his new kingdom in italy
• Imposed the concordat on his empire cause nationalist uprisings (catholic area)

Question 11

why was Effective control of the church was a clear advantage to napoleon

Answer 11

• Bishops became public servants ‘prefects in purple’
• The village priest became a vehicle to Napoleonic propaganda (akin to the use of divine right)
• 1806 napoleon amended the church catechism to teach people to revere and obey napoleon himself
• Created a st Napoleons day on 16th August

Question 12

weaknesses of concordant

Answer 12

May clergy remained royalsit
Church continued as an independent force (schools as they thought children to obey)
All this encouraged opposition during the final years of napoleon’s rule
Form the empire, catholics and jews