The Multi Store Model Flashcards
(17 cards)
what are the 3 stores
- sensory register
- short term memory
- long term memory
what is meant by encoding
the way information is changed so that it can be stored in memory
what is meant by capacity
concerns how much information can be stored
what is meant by duration
refers to the period of time information can last in the memory stores
give the duration, capacity and encoding for the following store:
sensory
- duration = 0.5 seconds
- capacity = all sensoy experience
- encoding = sense specific
give the duration, capacity and encoding for the following store:
short term
- duration = 0-18 seconds
- capacity = 7 +/- 2 items
- encoding = mainly auditory
what study supports the duration of STM
peterson and peterson
what study supports the capacity of the STM
miller
explain the study that supports the encoding of the STM
baddeley
- gave particpants 1 of 4 lists to learn
- the lists comtained words that were either acoustically similar or acoustically different
- participants recalled the list immediately
- participants did worse with acoustically similiar words, suggesting the STM relies on acoustic encoding
give the duration, capacity and encoding for the following store:
long term
- duration = unlimited
- capacity = unlimited
- encoding = mainly semantic
explain the study that supports the duration of the LTM
bahrick
- american participants given a free recall test and asked to list all the names they could remember in their graduating class and then with a photo recognition test
findings =
- recognition test of names and faces were 90%
- free recall of names were 60%
- this shows the LTM has a very long duration
explain the case study that supports the distinction between the STM and LTM
KF
- been im a crash and sustained brain damage
- his LTM wasnt affected but could only recall the last bit of information he had heard in his STM
Describe the Multi-Store Model of memory (MSM)
- Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, the MSM explains how information flows through three memory stores: the sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).
- Information moves through the stores in a linear sequence via attention and rehearsal.
strength
give a PEELH for the MSM
- P - supporting evidence
- Eg - the case study of KF where after he had a motorbike accident, he had poor STM but a normal LTM
- Ex - this suggests the STM and LTM are distincy systems, just as the MSM proposes
- L - therefore, this increases the validity as the MSM is supported by real life clinical evidence
- H - as kf was a case study of one person with brain damaage, the reslts may not generalise to a wider population
limitation
give a PEELH for the MSM
- P - oversimplifies LTM as treating it as a single store
- Eg - the MSM treats the LTM as a unitary store but it has been found there are different ttypes of LTm which are semantic, episodic and procedural
- Ex - this contradicts the MSM which assumes the LTM is a unitary store
- L - the MSM may lack detail and fails to account for the complexity of the LTm and its sub-systems
- H - despite this, the MSM is still useful in providing a bsic frameowkr for understanding memory and its stages which cane be built upon
Briefly outline one way in which researchers have investigated the capacity of the STM. (2 marks)
- miller gave participants a list of words which they had to recall immediately
- each round the list increases
Briefly outline one way in which researchers have investigated the duration of the STM. (2 marks)
- participants given a triagram then asked to cound backwards for a specific amount of time
- recall origibnal triagram
