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The upper extremity Flashcards

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1
Q

Extrinsic muscles of shoulder

A

Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Major and Minor

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2
Q

Trapezius function and innervation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve 11)
elevates, depresses and retracts the scapula.
rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly

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3
Q

Lat dorsi function and innervation

A 
To extend, adduct  and medially rotate the arm
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
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4
Q

Levator Scapulae function and innervation

A

Elevates the scapula

Dorsal Scapular nerve, cervical nerves C3 C4

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5
Q

Rhomboid major/minor function and innervation

A

Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5)

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6
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Shoulder

A 
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Subscapularis
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7
Q

Deltoid function and innervation

A

anterior part: Flexes and medially rotates,
middle part: abducts
posterior part: Extends and lateral rotates
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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8
Q

Supraspinatus function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus, initiates abduction.
IS NOT a rotator even though labelled a rotator cuff muscle.
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
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9
Q

Infraspinatus function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus, laterally rotates arm. 
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
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10
Q

Teres Minor function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates arm
Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)
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11
Q

Teres Major function and innervation

A

Inserts into intertubercular groove of humerus.
Adducts and medially rotates arm
Lower Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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12
Q

Subscapularis function and innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
Inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus
Medially rotates and adducts arm

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13
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Supraspinatus –> Superior to scapula
Infraspinatus –> Posterior to scapula
Teres Minor –> Posterior to scapula
Subscapularis –> Anterior to scapula

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14
Q

Shoulder (glenohumeral) ligaments

A

Coracoacromial ligament –> creates a vault for the head of the humerus
Three glenohumeral ligament –> between glenoid fossa of scapula and humerus
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenoidal labrum

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15
Q

Sacroacromial bursa location

A

Under acromion, above supraspinatus ligament. Can communicate with joint cavity if the ligaments break down.

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16
Q

Possible movements of arm

A

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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17
Q

What passes through quadrangular space

A

Axillary Nerve

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

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18
Q

What passes through triangular interval

A

radial nerve and deep artery of arm

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19
Q

What does the long head of the biceps pass under?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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20
Q

anatomical vs. surgical head of humerus

A

Anatomical head is above surgical head (narrower here)

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21
Q

What does the axillary sheath contain?

A

cords of brachial plexus, axillary vein(medial) and artery

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22
Q

Anterior compartment of arm

A 
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
All flexors
All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
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23
Q

Posterior compartment of arm

A

Triceps brachii (main extensor)
Anconeus (assists in extension)
Extension of elbow
Innervated by Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

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24
Q

Biceps Brachii function

A

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow.

Insertion is the radius via the bicipital aponeurosis.

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25
Coracobrachialis function
Flexes and adducts the shoulder. Insertion is humerus
26
Brachialis function
Main flexor of the elbow. Insertion on ulna.
27
Anterior Fore-arm muscles lateral to medial, innervation
``` All flexors Receive median nerve innervation Superficial (lateral to medial): Pronator Teres Flexor Carpe Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpe Ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis (actually deep to top four) Deep: Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor digitorum Profundus Pronator Quadratus (deep to flexor pollicis longus) ```
28
Deep anterior fore-arm muscles
Flexor Pollicis Longus (lateral) Flexor digitorum Profundus (medial) Pronator Quadratus (deep to flexor pollicis longus)
29
Superficial anterior fore-arm muscles | lateral -->medial
``` Pronator Teres Flexor Carpe Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpe Ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis (actually deep to top four) ```
30
Common Flexor Tendon function
Attaches all superficial fore-arm flexors to medial epicondyle of humerus
31
Pronator Teres function
pronates and flexes forearm, attaches to radius
32
Flexor Carpe Radialis function
Flexes wrist, abducts wrist
33
Palmaris Longus function
holds plantar aponeurosis tight, flexes hand
34
Flexor Carpe Ulnaris function and innervation
Flexes wrist, adducts wrist | Innervated by ulnar nerve, exception to median nerve rule of anterior fore-arm
35
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis function
flexes proximal IP joint
36
Flexor Pollicis Longus function
Flexes both phalanges of thumb
37
Flexor Digitorum Profundus function and innervation
Flexes distal IP joint, also flexes wrist and metacarpal joint Lateral part median nerve, Medial part ulnar nerve.
38
Pronator quadratus function
Initiates pronation of fore-arm, holds radius and ulna together
39
Flexor Retinaculum function
Creates roof of carpal tunnel
40
Contents of carpal tunnel
9 tendons + nerve Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus Flexor pollicis longus median nerve
41
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm branch off of
Off of the Musculocutaneous nerve, it becomes cutaneous in the forearm
42
Brachioradialis innervation, function, location
Innervation: Radial Nerve Location: Posterior compartment Function: Flexor Evolutionarily might have been an extensor, which explains its innervation
43
position of ulnar nerve at elbow
Very superficial, just posterior to medial epicondyle --> what causes the funny bone sensation
44
Posterior compartment of forearm, lateral to medial
``` Radial nerve innervation Mostly extensors of wrist Superficial: Brachioradialis (actually flexor of forearm) Extensor Carpe Radialis longus Extensor Carpe Radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpe Ulnaris Anconeus Deep: Supinator Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis ```
45
Superficial posterior fore-arm
``` Extensor carpe radialis longus Extensor carpe radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpe ulnaris ```
46
Deep posterior fore-arm
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor Indicis ```
47
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extends/abducts wrist
48
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extends/abducts wrist
49
Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extends the proximal phalanges of the four fingers
50
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Extends metacarpals, secondarily at proximal IP
51
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
Extends hand w/ extensor carpe radialis longus/brevis | Adducts hand w/ FCU
52
Supinator
Prime mover for slow, unopposed supination, esp. w/ forearm extended
53
Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Acts w/ abductor pollicis brevis
54
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extends MCP joint (+ also carpometacarpal joint)
55
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extends interphalangeal joint (+ also other 2 thumb joints)
56
Extensor indicis
Extends proximal interphalangeal joint
57
Three radio-ulnar joints names and types
Proximal and Distal are synovial | Middle is syndesmosis
58
Carpal Bones
``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquitrium Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezium Trapezoid So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb ```
59
What bone is Pisiform associated with
Triquitrium
60
What bones do the radius articulate with
The Scaphoid and Lunate
61
Joints between the carpal bones
anterior, posterior, interosseus ligaments
62
Thenar muscles and innervation
On the thumb side, innervated by the median nerve Abductor pollicis brevis (lateral) Flexor Pollicis brevis (medial) Opponens pollicis (deep)
63
Hypothenar muscles and innervation
On the pinky side, innervated by the ulnar nerve Abductor digiti minimi (medial) Flexor digiti minimi (lateral) Opponens digiti minimi (deep)
64
Adductor compartment
Adductor pollicis, has two heads ulnar nerve Deep to abductor and flexor pollicis brevis
65
Lumbrical muscle innervation and function
Bye-bye motion, flex metacarpals | 1-2 are median, 3-4 are ulnar
66
Interosseous muscles
All ulnar nerve Dorsal ABduct --> Abduct digits 2-5 Palm ADduct --> Adduct digits 2, 4, 5. Digit 3 cannot be adducted because it is in the middle. PAD DAB
67
Anatomical Snuffbox boundaries
Anterior (towards palm) --> Abductor Pollicis Longus , Extensor Pollicis Brevis (both posterior fore-arm) Posterior (towards dorsum of hand) --> Extensor Pollicis Longus (also posterior fore-arm) Contains radial artery, radial styloid process, base of 1st metacarpal, scaphoid, trapezium
68
Three parts of elbow joint
trochlea of humerus to trochlear notch of ulna --> hinge joint Capitulum of humerus to head of radius --> gliding joint Head of radius to radial notch in ulna --> rotation joint
69
Ligaments of elbow joint
Annular ligament of radius (goes all the way around the radius, holds it in place) Ulnar collateral ligament Radial Collateral ligament Collateral ligaments attach each bone to the humerus
70
Wrist joint
Radius articulates with scaphoid and lunate
71
Branches of axillary artery
Superior Thoracic Thoracoacromial Lateral Thoracic Subscapular --> which turns into thoracodorsal anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
72
When does the axillary artery turn into the brachial artery
After the teres major
73
Three exceptions to brachial plexus root values
All exceptions off posterior cord Axillary Nerve C5, C6 Thoracodorsal Nerve C6-C8 Upper and Lower subscapular nerve C5-C6
74
What does the axillary nerve become in the arm
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
75
What does the radial nerve become in the fore-arm
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the fore-arm
76
What does the musculocutaneous nerve become in the forearm
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the fore-arm
77
What muscles in hand are innervated by median nerve
``` 1st and 2nd lumbricle Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Meat LOAF ```
78
Lateral femoral cutaneous
L2-L3
79
Genitofemoral
L1-L2
80
Iliohypogastric
T12-L1
81
Ilioinguinal
L1
82
Pudendal
S2-S4
83
Common peroneal
L4-S2
84
Tibial
L4-S3
85
Inferior gluteal
L5-S2
86
Superior gluteal
L4-S1
87
Femoral
L2-L4
88
Obdurator nerve
L2-L4
89
Deep peroneal
L4-S2
90
Superficial peroneal
L5-S2

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