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Theories And Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy:

Sigmund Freud

A

Concentrates on the client’s past and her early childhood events.

Brings the clients unconscious to the conscious

Work through repressed conflict

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2
Q

Freud’s structure of personality

A

Id: pleasure principle, no sense of time, no maturity, chaotic

Ego: functions to contact real world. See saw between id and superego

Superego: moral, values, feelings of guilt

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3
Q

Sexual in aggressive impulses to personality development

A

Oedipus complex
Sons attraction for his mother

Electra complex
Daughter attraction for her father

Most controversial aspect of this theory is Oedipus complex

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4
Q

Catharsis / abreaction

A

Purging of emotions and feelings by giving them expression

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5
Q

Eros and Thanatos

A

Eros Greek god of love of life

Thanatos is the Greek word for death

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic techniques

A

Interputation help the client to gain insight both past and present events.
Dream analysis meaning of dream
Free association verbalizing whatever comes to mind
analyzes of resistance
Analyzes of transference

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7
Q

Freud psychoanalytical model was first counseling

A

Authored the interpretation of dreams.

Anna O. thought to be the first psychoanalytic patient diagnosed hysteria.

Little Hans Freud first his constructs of Oedipal complex and castration anxiety

Daniel schreber 9 years old unconscious homosexual feelings

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8
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Projection

A

Viewing another person’s feelings and ideas that are unacceptable so the other person seems to have these feelings and ideas

For example feeling like a coward and handling a situation but blaming the outcome on the coward of the other person

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9
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Introjection

A

Is the taking in, absorbing or incorporating into oneself the standards and values of another person

For example a client who has Incorporated his father’s values into his own thought patterns

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10
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Identification

A

Attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by taking on characteristics of someone else

For example Jane feels inferior. She’s the president of the women shelter. Every time she goes to a social event she will introduce herself and the president of the women’s shelter

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11
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Compensation

A

Means attempting to overcome be in Friday associated with feelings of inferiority in one area by concentrating on another.

Example ted feels stupid. Ted works out four hours a day in is taking dangerous steroids .

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12
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Reaction formation

A

Involve exaggerating and openly displayed a trait that is opposite of the tendencies that we do not want to recognize.

For example Morgan is obsessed with watching porn. Secretly he is doing the job because he wants to be able to view porn for free

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13
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Denial

A

Means of failing or refusing or acknowledge or deal with reality.

For example a kid has a broken arm from a car accident. The kid wants to play tennis and send in a form anyway

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14
Q

Ego defense mechanism

Rationalization

A

Justifying behavior one self and others

Example student not being upset for making an F and says straight A are for eggheads

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15
Q

Ego defense mechanisms.

Displacement

A

Means of the displacing or directing emotions onto a person or object other than the one who originally aroused the emotion.

For example, a man got a nickel raise but was expecting a dollar. Goals home and yells at wife.

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16
Q

Ego defense mechanisms

Sublimation

A

Is redirecting of unacceptable impulses into socially and culturally acceptable channel.

For example, aggressive male becoming a boxer.

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17
Q

Ego defense mechanisms

Repression

A

Is in unconscious process of blocking urges or traumatic experiences.

Is automatic and involuntary

Suppression differs from repression in that repression is automatic.

For example a couple witnesses the violent death of a coworker

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18
Q

Adlerian therapy

Individual psychology

A

The founder is Alfred alder

Help the client develop a healthy self-esteem and lifestyle through reeducation and restructuring.

Lifestyles, birth order, and family reconcile are emphasized by Alder

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19
Q

Carl Jung

Analytical psychology

A

Jung broadened Freud’s concept of the unconscious.

Jung used mandalas

Personality types: thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuitive.

Bipolar personality type used in the Myers-Briggs type II indicator are associated with Jung.

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20
Q

Extroversion and introversion

By Jung

A

Introversion
Is a turning in towards oneself as the main source of pleasure.

Extroversion
Seeks pleasure and satisfaction in other

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21
Q

Erik Erickson

Psychosocial stages

A

Birth to one year- trust versus mistrust
1 year to 2 years – autonomy vs shame and doubt
3 to 5 years - initiative versus guilt
6 to 11 years- Industry versus inferiority
12 to 20 years- Identity versus role confusion
20-35 years- intimacy versus isolation
35-65 years- generativity versus stagnation
65 years and older- integrity versus despair

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22
Q

Harry stack Sullivan

A

Ego formation:
Protaxic- infancy, no concept of time and place.

Parataxic: early childhood; child excepts without questioning.

Syntactic: later childhood; child is able to evaluate his or her own thoughts and feelings

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23
Q

Existential humanistic therapy

A

Major figures:
Abraham Maslow- self actualization
Rollo May- existential US
Victor Frankl- founder of logotherapy

Focuses primarily on the clients perception in the here and now

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24
Q

Existential:

Be in the world is spoken of having three different patterns:

A

Unwelt - physical

Mitwelt- relationships

Eigenwelt- self identity

25
Victor frankl | Believe that there are three ways to discover meaning in one's life
Doing a good deed Experiencing a value Suffering
26
Martin Buber
Coin the term "I-thou" Meeting horizontally equal relationships with others
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Person centered therapy Existential approach
Major figure Carl rogers There are three for conditions of the therapist: Congruence Unconditional positive regard Accurate empathy
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Person centered model techniques
Reflection, confrontation, open ended questions, summarization, clarification, support, reassurance, and active listening
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Gestalt therapy Experiential approach
Gestalt does not translate exactly into English, but roughly means a: Form, figure or configuration unified as a whole. Focuses on the here and now
30
Gestalt therapy five layers of neuroses:
Phony layer- not authentic Phobic layer- emotion pain Impasse layer-feeling stuck, not trusting inner resources Implosive layer- defenses are exposed Explosive layer- pretenses and phony roles or abandoned
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Gestalt techniques
Confrontation, empty chair, making rounds, top dog, and under dog.
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Transactional analysis (TA)
Major figures: Eric Berne Thomas A. Harris The goal is to exist the client and becoming a script free, game free, autonomous person who is capable of choosing how he or she wants to be
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Transactional analysis (TA) Asserts for life positions
I'm not OK – you're OK I'm not OK – you're not OK I'm OK – you're not OK I'm OK -you're OK
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Transitional analysis (TA) Three Ego states
Parent Behavior handed down from Parents and authority figures. Adult Logical, thinking, rational, deals with reality Child Source of childlike
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Techniques to TA model
Confrontation, questioning, explanation, interpretation, contract: -structural analysis of the personality, TA, game analysis, script analysis
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TA Karpma drama triangle
Persecutor Victim Rescuer 3 levels oh games: 1st degree – played in social situations 2nd degree- played in intimate circles 3 degree- usually ends in jail, hospital, or death
37
Script analysis (TA)
Unpleasant feeling after a person creates a game are called lifescripts . A life script is actually a life drama or plot
38
Behavioral therapy: classical conditioning
Major figures: Ivan Pavlov Joseph Wolfe
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Behavioral therapy: classical conditioning by Ivan Pavlov
``` Conditioned response (CR) Learned responses to a condition stimulus. Example: a dog produce saliva ``` ``` Condition stimulus (CS) Stimulus through repeated Pairing Example: a bell ringing for the dog to come eat ``` ``` Unconditioned responses (UCR) Doesn't require learning; unconditioned stimulus Four example: dog produce saliva when called for food. ``` ``` Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Automatic condition response Example: pair bell rang with dog eating food ```
40
Behavioral therapy Joseph wolf systematic desensitization
Maintain that all neurotic behavior is an expression of anxiety. Subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) - allows the client to rate threatening experiences In relation to the scale with higher ratings indicating a greater perceived threat.
41
Behavioral therapy operant conditioning\instrumental learning
Founded by BF Skinner who researched using rats. Term behavior modification is based heavily on instrumental conditioning\Skinners principles, while behavior therapy emphasizes on a classical conditioning and Pavlov principles. In operant conditioning,The behaviors increase or decrease in frequency as the result of the application of or withdrawal of rewards; this is known as reinforcement
42
Systematic desensitization consist of these orderly steps:
Relaxation training Construction of anxiety hierarchy Desensitization in imaginations In vivo desensitization
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Social learning theory behavioral therapy
Albert Badura and Richard Walters Bo bo dolls experiment on children modeling aggression
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Four types of conflict situations behavior therapy
Approach approach conflict: choosing between two desirable goals. Approach avoidance conflict: one desirable goal and one bad goal. Avoidance avoidance conflict: conflict around to undesirable goals Double approach avoidance conflict: conflict involving both the approach and the avoidance of two different goals simultaneously
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Neal miller | Operant conditioning behavior therapy
Was a pioneer researcher in biofeedback and learning theories. He was The first to show the autonomic , meaning involuntary body processes can be controlled
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Rational emotive Behavior therapy (REBT) Cognitive behavior
"Automatic" thoughts must be recognized and change. Founded by Albert Ellis
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REBT uses th ABC's of emotional disturbances
``` A- activating experiences B- belief C- consequences D- disputing of irrational ideas E- New emotional consequences or effect F- New feeling ```
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REBT divided into three modes:
Cognitive, emotions, and behavior
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REBT model
Epictetus Philosophers who suggested we feel the same way we think Musterbation Describes a client who used to many should of, would, of must of in thinking. Didactic means teaching REBT is a didactic model of therapy
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A counselor and strokes her client to read a guide to rational living by Albert Ellis in Robert harper
This is an example of a bibliography therapy Biblbotherapy is a form of homework
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Cognitive therapy
Major figures Aaron Beck and Donald Meichenbaum BDI created the Beck Depression inventory (BDI) Dysfunctional ideas are too absolute and broad though not necessarily irrational
52
Stress inoculation
A cognitive therapy is most closely associated with the concept is Donald meichenbaum. Also called self instructional therapy three stages. Stress inculcation training (SIT)
53
Reality therapy
Found it by William Glasser Choice therapy: asserts that only behavior a person can control is one's own Addiction can be negative such as substance-abuse and work, and; therefore destructive or positive such as jogging or swimming, therefore; promotes self-confidence
54
Glasser formulated eight steps counseling process
Step one: good working relationships Step two: present behavior identify Step three: client judge her own behavior Step four: alternative behaviors exam in and playing before action developed Step five: commitment to action plan Step six : no excuses except it Step seven: had clients to commitment with no punishment Step eight: never give up
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William Glasser wrote:
Reality therapy, schools without failure and choice theory
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Electric therapy or integrative therapy
``` Major figures Frederick Thorne Arnold Lazarus Robert Carkhuff Gordon Allport Gerard Egan ```
57
Eclectic counselors
Attempts to choose the best theoretical approach based on the clients attributes, resources, and situation. The word eclectic is associated with Fredrick C. Thorne
58
Neal Miller Behavioral therapy
Was a pioneer a researcher in biofeedback and learning theory. Biofeedback is a form of operant conditioning. Elctromyogram (EMG) Is used to measure muscle tension during biofeedback training. EEG is used to measure alpha brain waves which indicate that the client is awake but very relaxed. EKG is used to measure the heart rate and patterns GSR measures skin resistance to a slight electrical current when certain words or topics are brought up

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