Thurs Wk 5 Mixed 1 Flashcards
SRY gene codes for __ to develop testes
this leads to sertoli cells producing __ to cause mullerian involution
also release __ to concentrate T in seminferous tubules and allow for spermatogenesis
Fick Principle of CO is __ over AV O2 content difference
blood O2 content is O2binding capacity x __ + dissolved O2
Ischemic bowel undergoes __ prodxn, w resulting AGAP MA
this stimulates renal ammoniogenesis by metabolizing __ into ammonium/bicarb
bicarb is __ to buffer acid in blood
half of acid is secreted in urine as __ and other as Phosphate
thus, inc __ prodxn is seen in chronic acidosis
Histidine becomes __
Testes determining factor
AMH
ABG
Rate of O2 consumption
saturation%
lactate glutamine reabsorbed ammonium ammonium
HISTAMINE
interior thyroid artery helps to supply the __ gland
found deep to __ vein, vagus nerve, and CCA
very close to __ nerve
RLN loops below __ on left and subclavian artery on right
can be damaged upon attempted __
SLN runs close to __
can use M__ to prevent ulcers w NSAIDs
Osmium tetroxide stains fat __
accumulation of __ on fat emboli thought to cause thrombocytopenia
activation of LPL and oleic acid thought to aid in __ dysfxn
WRIGHT STAIN IS FOR __
arterial puncture above __ ligament inc risk for retroperitoneal hemorrhage
cannot be controlled via __ thus pt has hypoTN, flank pain and dec hemoglobin
Right paracolic gutter may have fluid from A/G
hemorrhage into thigh muscle would result in __ syndrome
thyroid Internal jugular RLN aortic arch ligation Superior laryngeal artery
misoprostal
black
platelets
neuro
PLATELETS
inguinal
compression
appendix, gall bladder
compartment
SSSS occurs due to __ exotoxin
see Nikolsky sign, epidermal ___ and fever w rash
blister only occurs in superficial __ due to exfoliatin acting as protease
__ is area of LN w t cells and dendritic cells
located bw follicles and __
follicles are in __ and house B cells
medullary cords have / cells and macros
medullary sinuses have reticular cells and __
subcapsular sinus directly communicates w __ lymph vessels
corticals sinuses drain __ sinus and connect to efferent lymph channel
ABP >150 causes in cerebral __ and pressure
ABP <50 results in __
CO2 causes __
exfoliatin
necrolysis
epidermis
paracortex medulla cortex B/plasma cells macros affarent medullary
perfusion
hypoperfusion
VASODILATION
think __ ED w rapid onset
should have __ erection, unlike those w neuro/vasc problems
important meds include SSRI And B/M/C
__ bias is RF leads to extensive diagnostic investiation and thus dz are more likely to be found
Dandy walker is absence of __ w dilation of 4th ventricle and posterior fossa enlargement
sx include developmental delay, poor muscle __ and NCH w irritability/vomiting
ACt2 is downward displacement of __ into foramen magnum
pt has spinal __ as well
GGP is not found in __ thus helps to localize ALP to liver
adenocarcinomas may release __ tumor products resulting in hypercoag
psychogenic
nocturnal
BB, methyldopa, clonidine
cerebellar vermis
coordination
non communicating hydrocephalus
vermis
myelomeningocele
bone
__ is facultative intracelular, gram positive tumbling rod
tx w __
must have __ as it is intracellular
Listeria/MRSA/Enterococci are resistant to __ due to PBP
__ is needed for transamination/decarbox of AA
transamination occurs bw AA and __
Bacillus anthracis has __ capsule
__ carries other toxins
Protective antigen translocates factors to _
__ factor is calmodulin dependent AC to inc cAMP
leads to __ w/in cells to suppress PMN/macros
Pertussis has _ toxin to cause edema/phagocyte probs
listeria
ampicillin
CMI response
cephalosporins
VB6
a keto acid
d glutamic acid exotoxin cytosol edema water
AC
__ factor of B anthracis inhibits PK signaling causing apoptosis/disruption
like C botulinum/dificile, it exists as __
Pertussis toxin downregulates _ via ADP ribosylation to inc cAMP
Pyrogenic exotoxin of Strep pyo acts as __
pt w __ deficiency can have MC excess due to inc 11B deoxycorticosterone
17OHPROGESTERONE IS ALWAYS __ in 21 hydroxyalse def
invasive mole has trophoblast that is diffusely _ w myometrial invasion
villi are diffusely enlarged and __
Choriocarcinoma is malignant tumor of __
see bleeding, high bHCG and hematogenous spread to ___
see in / w out villi
Lethal
spore
Gi
superantigen
HIGH
hyperplastic edematous trophoblast lungs c/s
preg has inc __ to accomodate blood loss
GFR/renal circ __ due to relaxin from BHCG
thus, urine volume is __ w dec bladder capacity
thus, anything that inc __ cause rise above EUS and result in urination
Stress incont has dec urethral sphincter __ or urethral hypermobility
both due to relaxing __ musces/urethral tone
MEDIAL LYMPHATIC SYSTEM OF LEG __ POPLITEAL LN
LATERAL LESIONS FOUND IN BOTH __/__ LN
benzos can stop spasticity from __ disorders
avoid w A, B, N, antihistamines
C/R/F/N are H2 blockers
L, F, C, D
plasma volume
inc
increased
intraabdominal pressure
tone
pelvic floor
bypass
popliteal/inguinal
UMN
alcohol, barbs, narcotics
cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
Loratadine, fenofatadine, cetirazine, desloratadine
unfractionated/LMH bind to __ to cause it to change shape and inhibit Factor Xa
blood supply to proximal ureter comes from __ artery
blood supply of distal ureter is __ artery
in transplant, donor renal artery anastamoses to recipient __ artery, thus strong blood flow is established
lack of anastamoses to distal ureter leads to __ and leaky urine
circulation to middle ureter is variable w __
After MI, tx pt w __/__
intense pruritis is hallmark of \_\_ should be located in \_\_ areas look for weeping, crusted \_\_ plaques due to mutations in F\_\_ inmpairing fxn of skin look for high serum \_\_/\_\_
AT3
renal
superior vesical
renal
ischemia
anastamoses
BB, ACEI
atopic dermatitis flexural red filaggrin IgE/eosinophilia
neurons in area of ischemic damage show __ w/in 24-48 hrs
in 3-5 days, __ appear and accumulate lipids from phagocytosis of myelin
ASTROCYTES COME AROUND __ after event
Azoles inhibit __ of lanosterol into ergosterol and p450 consequently
Aortic dissection due to tear in aortic __
as it spreads, it can compress __ leading to BP discrepancy w blood passes through media
major RF is __ due to medial hypertrophy of vaso vasorum and dec blood flow to media and inc stiffness
tertiary syphillis aortitis is due to obliterative __ in VV
Costochondritis involves costal cartilge at / jxns
PMN
microglia
2w
lanosterol
intima
arterial branches
HTN
endarteritis
costochondral, costosternal
SNS fibers contract __ and sense a full bladder
PNS fibers __ IUS
continuous leakage and incomplete emptying is __ incontinence
Bromocritpine/cabergoline are __ derivatives of Dopamine
Pramipexole/ropinirole are __ derivatives of dopamine
A__ may have anticholingeric effects to reduce tremors
RBC precursors in liver/spleen indicates __ hematopoeisis
usually seen in __
progenitor cells of bone marrow expand and thin bone __ leading to dec bone growth w many fractures
also see M__ overgrowth and frontal bossing/chipmunk faces
IUS
relax
overflow
ergot
nonergot
amantadine
extramedullary
B thalasemmia
cortex
maxillary
