Tissue Injury and Response Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is tissue?
A group of similar or the same cells working together to carry out a function
What does swelling refer to?
The accumulation of tissue fluid in an area
If damage occurs, what happens to the capillaries?
They leak and cause water to follow osmosis and cause swelling
How do bruises form?
Blood vessels get damaged and rupture, the blood collects beneath the skin
What can injury cause to the blood vessels?
Burst blood vessels which can lead to internal bleeding
What can a loss of blood volume cause?
Pressure to be put on the tissues surrounding the rupture
How does a blood clot form?
Damage to the blood vessels wall exposed, collagen releases clotting factors
This releases thromboplastin from the platelets
Thromboplastin catalyses the conversion of prothrombin to the enzyme thrombin
The enzyme thrombin becomes active, converting soluble plasma protein fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
These fibrin fibres form a mesh and attach to the platelets
A clot in formed
What gets released when there is damage to the blood vessels wall?
Clotting factors
What does clotting factors releases?
Thromboplastin from platelets
What does thromboplastin catalyse the conversion of prothrombin into?
Thrombin
What happens once thrombin becomes active?
Converts soluble plasma protein fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
What do the fibrin fibres form?
A mesh that attaches to the platelets
Why is blood clotting called a cascade?
It involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions, where one step activates the next in a sequence
What are the advantages of blood vessels near a wound contracting?
Limiting blood clots
Limits spread of pathogens
What are the benefits of forming a scab over a wound?
Prevents infection
Allows tissues to repair
Reduce blood loss
What is a pressure sore?
Cell injury leading to atrophy, low blood pressure
Stops blood flow to the skin cells, they would die and begin to break down
Where to pressure sores most likely occur?
Less cushioning areas
Boney areas
Who is at risk of developing pressure sores?
Bed ridden
Wheel chair users
Limited mobility
Why does atrophy and necrosis occur in the pressure sores?
Prolong lack of oxygen and nutrients to tissues - cells die
What are symptoms of stage 1 pressure sores?
Red
Inflammation
Redness
Doesn’t blanch
What are symptoms of stage 2 pressure sores?
Blister
Opened sore
Redness around area
Partially through skin
What are symptoms of stage 3 pressure sores?
Full thickness loss of skin
Extend fat tissues
Crater like
What are symptoms of stage 4 pressure sores?
Full thickness wound extends to muscle, bone and tendon
How can the formation of pressure sores be avoided?
Regular movement
Pressure revealing mattress
Keep skin dry and clean
Keep proper nutrients and hydration
