TOEFL - Set 12 Flashcards

(300 cards)

1
Q

parameter

A

n. 参数/参量

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2
Q

paramount

A

adj. 最重要的;最高权力的 (most important/predominant/superior)

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3
Q

paraphrase

A

vt. 将…释义/改写 (restate/reword)
n. 释义/意义 (explanation/interpretation)

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4
Q

parasite

A

n. 寄生虫/食客

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5
Q

parasitic

A

adj. 寄生的

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6
Q

parliamentary

A

adj. 议会(制)的

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7
Q

partial

A

adj. 部分的 (incomplete/fragmentary/sectional)

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8
Q

impartially

A

adv. 公平地/无私地 (fairly)

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9
Q

participant

A

n. 参与者/参赛者 (people who take part in)

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10
Q

passion

A

n. 激情/热情 (ardor/fervor)

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11
Q

passionate

A

adj. 充满热情的/热烈的 (ardent/zealous/enthusiastic)

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12
Q

passive

A

adj. 被动的;消极的 (compliant)

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13
Q

pastel

A

adj. 柔和的 (bland/soft)

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14
Q

pasture

A

n. 牧场/草地 (field/meadow)

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15
Q

patch

A

n. 片/块 (expanse/piece)

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16
Q

patent

A

n. 专利
vt. 取得…的专利权/申请专利 (license)

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17
Q

path

A

n. 轨道/道路 (orbit/roadway)

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18
Q

pathway

A

n. 路/径 (path/track)

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19
Q

footpath

A

n. 人行道/小路

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20
Q

pathogen

A

n. 病菌/病原体

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21
Q

patriarch

A

n. (男性)家长/族长 (master/chief)

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22
Q

patriarchal

A

adj. 家长的/族长的

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23
Q

patriot

A

n. 爱国者

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24
Q

patriotic

A

adj. 爱国的

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25
patrol
v. 巡逻/巡视 (guard/watch)
26
patroller
n. 巡警
27
patron
n. 赞助人/资助人 (benefactor/helper) n. 顾客 (customer/client)
28
patronage
n. 赞助;惠顾 (sponsorship/support)
29
patronizing
adj. 自认为高人一等的;摆派头的 (arrogant)
30
paucity
n. 小量/缺乏 (insufficiency/scarcity)
31
pauper
n. 贫民/乞丐 (beggar)
32
pave
vt. 铺设/为…铺路 (coat/cover)
33
pave the way for
为…铺平道路
34
peak
n. 山顶;最高点/顶端 (summit/apex/maximum/prime)
35
pebble
n. 小鹅卵石
36
peck
v. 啄/啄起 (pick)
37
peculiar
adj. 特有的/专有的 (special/characteristic) adj. 奇怪的/异常的 (unusual/odd/bizarre)
38
peculiarity
n. 特性/怪癖 (eccentricity/oddness)
39
pedagogy
n. 教育学/教学法 (education/teaching)
40
pedagogic
adj. 教育学的
41
pedagogical
adj. 教育学的/教学法的
42
peer
v. 凝视/仔细看 (gaze/stare) n. 同辈/同等的人 (fellow/companion)
43
peerless
adj. 出类拔萃的/无可匹敌的 (unique/unsurpassed)
44
penal
adj. 刑罚的/刑法上的
45
penalty
n. 处罚/罚款 (punishment/fine)
46
penchant
n. 爱好/嗜好;(强烈的)倾向 (liking/inclination)
47
pendant
n. 垂饰;下垂物 (hanging)
48
penetrate
vt. 穿透;渗透 (pierce/go through/permeate)
49
penetrating
adj. (声音)响亮的/尖锐的 (sharp) adj. (气味)刺激的 (pungent) adj. (思想)敏锐的/有洞察力的
50
peninsula
n. 半岛
51
pensive
adj. 沉思的 (meditative/contemplative)
52
perceive
vt. 注意到;意识到;察觉到 (sense;detect)
53
perception
n. 理解;感知/感觉 (understanding/feeling/sense)
54
perceptive
adj. 感知的;有洞察力的 (discerning/insightful/incisive)
55
conception
n. 观念/概念
56
perch
n. 栖息处 v. (使)栖息
57
percolate
v. 过滤/渗透 n. 滤液
58
perennial
adj. 四季不断的/终年的;(植物)多年生的 (continuous/perpetual)
59
perennially
adv. 永久地/终年地 (year-round/perpetually)
60
perfect
adj. 完美的/理想的 (flawless/ideal) vt. 使完美;使熟练 (refine/improve)
61
perfection
n. 尽善尽美/完美 (flawlessness/excellence)
62
perform
vt. 履行/执行 (handle/execute) vt. 表演/演出
63
performance
n. 履行/执行;表演/演奏 (enactment/execution;show/presentataion)
64
performer
n. 表演者 (entertainer)
65
perimeter
n. 边缘/周边地带 (edge/periphery)
66
periodic
adj. 周期的/定期的 (repeated/recurrent)
67
period
n. 时期;时代 (time/epoch/age/era)
68
periodical
n. 期刊/杂志 adj. 周期的/定期的
69
peripheral
adj. 周边的/外围的 (exterior/marginal)
70
periphery
n. 外围 (circumference/boundary)
71
perishable
adj. (尤指食物)易腐的/易坏的
72
permanent
adj. 长久的/永久的 (everlasting/perpetual)
73
permeate
vt. 弥漫;渗透/透过 (pervade;pass through/penetrate)
74
permeable
adj. 有浸透性的/能透过的 (penetrable)
75
permission
n. 许可/允许 (consent/approbation)
76
permissive
adj. 许可的/宽容的 (approving/tolerant)
77
perpendicular
adj. 垂直的/直立的 (vertical/upright)
78
perpetuate
vt. 使…延续/使永存 (eternalize)
79
perplex
vt. 迷惑/困惑;难住 (baffle/confuse)
80
perplexing
adj. 使人困惑的;令人费解的 (puzzling/baffling/complicated)
81
persevere
vi. 坚持不懈/不屈不挠 (endure/persist)
82
perseverance
n. 坚定不移 (endurance/persistence)
83
persist
vi. 坚持;持续 (continue/insist/persevere)
84
persistence
n. 坚持不懈/持续 (endurance/tenacity)
85
persistent
adj. 坚持不懈的 (tenacious/constant)
86
personality
n. 个性/性格 (character)
87
personnel
n. 人员/职员 (staff/employees)
88
perspective
n. (判断事物的)角度/方法/观点 (viewpoint/view) n. 透视;远景
89
perspiration
n. 汗水;出汗 (sweat)
90
perspire
vi. 出汗 (sweat)
91
persuade
v. 说服/劝说/(使)相信 (sway/convince)
92
persuasive
adj. 有说服力的/善说服的 (eloquent/convincing/cogent)
93
pertinent
adj. 相关的/切题的;中肯的 (relevant)
94
pest
n. 害虫;令人讨厌的人或物 (nuisance)
95
pesticide
n. 杀虫剂 (insecticide)
96
pestilence
n. 瘟疫
97
pestilential
adj. 引起瘟疫的
98
pet
n. 宠物
99
petal
n. 花瓣
100
petition
n./v. 请愿 (plea/request)
101
repetition
n. 重复;循环 (repeat/return)
102
petroleum
n. 石油
103
phase
n. 阶段/态 (stage/moment)
104
phenomena
n. (pl)现象
105
phenomenally
adv. 明白地/显著地 (extraordinarily/remarkably)
106
philology
n. 语言学/文献学 (linguistics/literature)
107
philosophy
n. 哲学;原理/人生观
108
phonetics
n. 语音学
109
physiological
adj. 生理学的;生理上的
110
physiology
n. 生理学
111
picturesque
adj. 如画的/美丽的 (scenic/beautiful)
112
pierce
vt. 穿透/戳穿 (penetrate/perforate)
113
pigment
n. 色素/颜料 (coloring/dye)
114
pillar
n. 柱/柱子 (column/post)
115
capillary
n. 毛细血管
116
pillow
n. 枕头
117
willow
n. 柳树
118
pinch
vt. 掐/夹痛 (clutch/squeeze)
119
pine
n. 松树 vi. 憔悴/消瘦
120
porcupine
n. 豪猪/箭猪
121
pineapple
n. 凤梨/菠萝
122
spine
n. 脊椎;书脊
123
spined
adj. 有背骨的/有脊柱的
124
spinet
n. 小型立式钢琴
125
pinpoint
vt. 准确地确定;用针标出…的精确位置 (spot/locate)
126
pioneer
n. 开拓者 (originator/explorer) v. 开辟/倡导 (lead the way/explore)
127
pioneering
adj. 开创性的 (initial/original)
128
pique
vt. 激起/引起(好奇等) (arouse) vt. 激怒 (provoke)
129
pit
n. 坑/地坑;煤矿 (hole/cavity;mine) vt. 使对抗/使相斗 (confront)
130
pitch
n. 场地/球场 n. 程度/力度;(事物的)最高点 n. 音高
131
pitcher
n. 大水罐/水壶
132
pivot
n. 枢轴;中心点/重点 (axis;focus/center)
133
pivotal
adj. 枢轴的/关键的 (central/fundamental/important)
134
a pivotal figure
关键人物
135
plagiarism
n. 剽窃/抄袭 (copying/imitation)
136
plague
n. 瘟疫/灾祸 (epidemic/disease) vt. 折磨/使苦恼 (afflict/bother/annoy)
137
plain
n. 平原/草原 (plateau/prairie) adj. 简单的/朴素的 (unadorned/simple)
138
plainly
adv. 清楚地/明显地 (clearly/expressly)
139
plainspoken
adj. 直言不讳的
140
floodplain
n. 泛滥平原/涝原/漫滩
141
planet
n. 行星
142
plank
n. 厚木板 (board/lumber)
143
plantation
n. 种植园 (farm)
144
plasma
n. 血浆
145
plaster
n. 灰泥/石膏 vt. 涂抹 (smear)
146
plate
n. 盘子;版图;大片平面 (covering/plane)
147
platelike
adj. 层状的
148
tinplate
n. 镀锡铁皮/马口铁
149
plateau
n. 高原/高地 (highland/upland)
150
platform
n. 月台/平台/讲坛 (stage)
151
platitudinous
adj. 陈词滥调的/陈腐的 (trite/commonplace)
152
playwright
n. 剧作家
153
pleasing
adj. 令人高兴的/愉快的/合意的 (attractive/comfortable)
154
pleasure
n. 快乐
155
pliable
adj. 易弯的/柔软的 (malleable/lithe) adj. 易受影响的;柔顺的 (tractable/docile)
156
pliant
adj. 顺从的;可弯曲的 (flexible/bendable)
157
plight
n. (恶劣的)情势/困境 (misfortune/predicament)
158
plow
n. 犁 vt. 耕作 (cultivate/farm)
159
plumage
n. 鸟类羽毛 (feathers)
160
plumb
adj. 垂直的 (perpendicular/vertical)
161
plumbing
n. (供水)管道系统
162
plump
adj. 胖嘟嘟的/丰满的 (chubby/fat)
163
plunge
vi. 跳进;投入/陷入 (dive/submerge)
164
pocketbook
n. 钱袋/皮夹 (purse/wallet)
165
polarize
vt. 使极化/使两极分化
166
polish
vt. 擦亮 (shine/burnish) n. 光泽;上光剂 (shine;glaze)
167
ploished
adj. 擦亮的 (burnished/gleaming)
168
politics
n. 政治;政见;政治学
169
poll
n. 选举之投票;民意测验 (voting;survey)
170
pollinate
vt. 对…授粉 (fertilize/pollenate)
171
pollination
n. 授粉
172
pollen
n. 花粉
173
pollute
vt. 污染;玷污 (contaminate;defile/profane)
174
pollution
n. 污染;玷污 (contamination)
175
pollutant
n. 污染物质
176
polygon
n. 多边形
177
polygonal
adj. 多角形的/多边形的
178
popular
adj. 流行的/受欢迎的 (well-liked/favorite)
179
popular tune
流行歌曲
180
popularity
n. 流行/受大众欢迎
181
populous
adj. 人口稠密的/人口多的 (crowded/populated)
182
porcelain
n. 瓷器/瓷 (china)
183
pore
n. 小孔/气孔 (hole/opening)
184
pole
n. 柱子;杆子;棍;杖 n. (南北)极;磁极/电极
185
tadpole
n. 蝌蚪
186
porous
adj. 可渗透的/多孔的 (permeable)
187
portable
adj. 编携的/手提的;轻便的 (mobile;light)
188
portend
vt. 预兆/预示 (herald/foreshadow)
189
portion
n. 一部分;部分 (part/section/segment)
190
portrait
n. 肖像/画像;描写 (portraiture;picture)
191
portraitist
n. 肖像画家
192
portray
vt. 描述;绘制 (depict/describe/draw)
193
portrayal
n. 饰演;描画
194
pose
vt. 形成/引起 (cause) n. 姿势/姿态 (posture/stance)
195
posture
n. 姿势/体态 (pose)
196
positive
adj. (电)阳极的 adj. 肯定的;积极的 (definite)
197
possess
vt. 拥有/占有 (have/own)
198
possession
n. 拥有/占有;财产 (ownership/belongings/estate)
199
post
vt. 张贴/揭示 (publicize/advertise) n. 柱;邮件 (column/pole;mail)
200
poster
n. 海报/招贴 (placard)
201
postmaster
n. 邮局局长
202
postage
n. 邮资
203
postal
adj. 邮政的/邮局的
204
postal service
邮政服务
205
postcard
n. 明信片
206
postgraduate
n. 研究生
207
postwar
adj. 战后的
208
postoperative
adj. 手术后的
209
posthumous
adj. 死后的/身后的
210
postpone
vt. 推迟/使延期 (put off/delay/defer)
211
postulate
vt. 要求;假定 (assume/presume)
212
pot
n. 罐/壶 (kettle/bottle)
213
coffeepot
n. 咖啡壶
214
teapot
n. 茶壶
215
pottery
n. 陶器/陶器场
216
potted
adj. 盆栽的;瓶或罐装的
217
potent
adj. 强有力的/有效的 (powerful/effective)
218
potential
adj. 可能的;潜在的 (possible/latent)
219
potentiality
n. 潜能/潜力
220
pound
n. 磅/英镑 vt. 强烈打击 (hit/strike)
221
poverty
n. 贫困 (lack of money/indigence/destitution)
222
propery
n. 财产/所有权
223
practicable
adj. 行得通的/可以实行的 (feasible/workable)
224
practical
adj. 实际的/实践的;实用的 (pragmatic/useful)
225
practically
adv. 实际上;几乎/简直 (virtually/actually;almost)
226
practicality
n. 实用性
227
inpractical
adj. 不切实际的
228
impracticality
n. 不切实际/办不到
229
prairie
n. 大草原
230
preach
v. 布道;鼓吹 (advocate/sermonize)
231
precarious
adj. 不稳定的;危险的 (doubtable/unstable;dangerous/hazardous)
232
precaution
n. 预防措施/警惕 (prevention)
233
precede
vt. 在…之前/早于;优先于 (come before/antecede)
234
precedent
n. 先例 (example/pattern)
235
unprecedented
adj. 空前的 (unexampled/unparalleled)
236
preceding
adj. 在前的 (ahead/prior to)
237
precious
adj. 宝贵的/珍贵的 (valued/valuable/costly)
238
precipitate
vt. 使…突然发生 adj. 鲁莽的;草率的;仓促的 n. 降雨
239
precipitous
adj. 陡峭的 (extremely steep/abrupt)
240
precision
n. 精确/精密度 (exactness/accuracy)
241
precursor
n. 先驱/先行者;先兆 (forerunner;harbinger)
242
predatory
adj. 掠夺的;食肉的 (carnivorous)
243
predator
n. 食肉动物
244
predecessor
n. 前辈/前任 (forerunner)
245
predict
vt. 预言/预告 (forecast/foretell)
246
predictive
adj. 预言性的/成为先兆的 (prophetic)
247
predictable
adj. 可预见的 (expectable/likely)
248
predictability
n. 可预言 (likelihood)
249
predominate
vt. 统治/成为主流 (control/rule)
250
predominant
adj. 支配的/主要的 (principal/dominant/overpowering)
251
prefabricated
adj. 预制的
252
preferable
adj. 更可取的/更好的 (favored/better)
253
preference
n. 偏爱;优先;优先权 (inclination/attachment/favorite)
254
pregnant
adj. 怀孕的
255
prehistoric
adj. 史前的 (ancient/primitive/prehistorical)
256
preliminary
adj. 预备的/初步的 (initial/introductory/preparatory)
257
premature
adj. 不成熟的;过早的 (too soon/too early)
258
premium
n. 保险金;奖金 adj. 高级的/高价的 [a premium price]
259
preoccupation
n. 主要考虑因素;全神贯注/抢先占据 (concern/involvement)
260
preponderance
n. (数量或力量上的)优势 (superiority)
261
prerequisite
n. 先决条件 (requirement/necessity) adj. 首要必备的
262
prescribe
vt. 指示/规定 (dictate/guide) vt. 开药方
263
prescribed
adj. 规定的 (set/certain/stated)
264
prescription
n. 药方/处方 (instruction/order)
265
presence
n. 出席/到场
266
preserve
vt. 保存 (uphold/retain/maintain/save)
267
preservative
n. 防腐剂
268
preservation
n. 保存/贮藏;保护 (conservation;protection)
269
presidency
n. 总统职位;总统任期
270
presidential election
总统选举
271
preside over
主持
272
pressure
n. 压力;压迫 (stress/tension)
273
prestige
n. 威望/声望 (fame/reputation)
274
prestigious
adj. 有名望的/有威信的 (honored/respected/reputed)
275
presumably
adv. 推测起来/大概 (assumedly/supposedly)
276
pretension
n. 自大/自负 (claim/assertion)
277
prevailing
adj. 流行的/盛行的 (most frequent/widespread/predominant)
278
prevail
vi. 盛行/居主导地位 (dominate/predominate)
279
prevalent
adj. 普遍的;流行的 (common;broadly accepted/prevailing)
280
prey
n. 被掠食者/牺牲者/食物 (victim/food) vi. 捕食/掠夺 (hunt/victimize)
281
osprey
n. 鱼鹰
282
primal
adj. 原始的;最初的 (primeval;initial) adj. 最重要的
283
primate
n. 灵长目动物 adj. 首要的/第一的
284
prime
adj. 主要的 (primary/principal/main) n. 鼎盛时期 (peak)
285
primary
adj. 第一位的/主要的 (principal/prime/fundamental)
286
primitive
adj. 远古的/原始的 (rudimentary/primeval)
287
primordial
adj. 原始的/最初的 (primeval/primitive/fundamental)
288
priority
n. 优先/优先权 (preference/precedence)
289
pristine
adj. 崭新的/未开发的 (unspoiled/pure)
290
privilege
vt. 给与…特权/特免 n. 特权
291
probe
vi. 调查/查究 (detect/find out)
292
proceed
vi. 进行/继续下去 (continue/advance)
293
proceeds
n. (pl)收益
294
proceeding
n. 行动;进行
295
process
n. 过程 vt. 加工
296
proclaim
vt. 声明/宣告 (declare/announce)
297
proclivity
n. 倾向/癖好 (tendency/disposition/inclination)
298
prod
vt. 戳/刺 (poke) vt. 刺激/激励 (stimulate;urge)[prod sb. Into]
299
prodigious
adj. 巨大的/惊人的;挥霍的 (huge/amazing)
300
prodigy
n. 非凡之人/天才 (marvel/genius/talent)