Topic #0: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the characteristics shared by all living organisms?
- Responsiveness to environment
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Movement
- Metabolism
Metabolism involves taking in nutrients and making cells to maintain a good manner of life.
Define Anatomy.
The study of bodily structures of humans, animals, or other living organisms.
Anatomists study both internal and external structures and the physical relationships among body parts.
What is Physiology?
The study of functions and mechanisms in living organisms.
Physiologists study how organisms perform vital functions.
What does Cytology study?
The internal structures of individualized cells.
Define Histology.
The study of tissues and cell products that work together to perform specific functions.
List the Levels of Organization in living organisms.
- Chemical (molecular) Level
- Cellular Level
- Tissue Level
- Organ Level
- Organ System Level
- Organismal Level
How many organ systems are in the human body?
11 organ systems.
Name the organ systems in the human body.
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
What does Homeostasis refer to?
The existence of a stable internal environment in order to survive.
List the stable internal conditions maintained by Homeostasis.
- Temperature
- Ionic concentrations
- Blood sugar levels
What are the components of Homeostatic Regulation?
- Receptor
- Control Center
- Effector
What is Negative Feedback?
Variation outside the normal limits triggers automatic corrective response.
True or False: Positive Feedback reinforces the stimulus.
True
What is the Anatomical Position?
- Hands at the side
- Palms Forward
- Feet Together
Define Supine.
When the body is face up.
Define Prone.
When the body is face down.
What are the Anatomical Directions?
- Ventral (anterior)
- Dorsal (posterior)
- Superior
- Inferior
- Lateral
- Medial
- Proximal
- Distal
What is the Transverse Plane?
A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
What does the Frontal Plane divide?
The body into anterior and posterior sections.
What does the Sagittal Plane divide?
The body into left and right sections.
How many methods are there to map the Abdominopelvic region?
Two methods.
What are the two methods to map the Abdominopelvic region?
- Four Abdominopelvic Quadrants
- Nine Abdominopelvic Regions
What does the Ventral Body Cavity protect?
Delicate organs.
What organs does the Ventral Body Cavity surround?
- Respiratory organs
- Cardiovascular organs
- Digestive organs
- Urinary organs
- Reproductive organs
