Topic #4: Movement Analysis Flashcards

Question

Why is the reaction with Cholinesterase neccessary?

Answer 1

This reaction is necessary to allow a neuron to return to its resting state after activation

Answer 2

When a muscle contracts, muscle fibers shorten. The explanation for this phenomenon is termed the Sliding Filament Theory. (when muscle contracts, movement, muscle fibers shorten)

Answer 3

they bind with actin, resulting in a conformational change in the cross-bridge, which causes the myosin to tilt and to drag the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere

Answer 4

Contain more mitochondria, store oxygen in myoglobin, rely on aerobic metabolism, greater capillary to volume ratio, associated with endurance, produce ATP more slowly

Answer 5

Legs and core

Answer 6

Contain fewer mitochondria, powerful (but shorter) contractions, metabolizes ATP more quickly, lower capillary to volume ratio, more likely to accumulate lactic acide.

Answer 7

Type IIa, IIx, IIb

Answer 8

Pectorals, biceps, triceps, quadriceps

Answer 9

Deltoids, last, hamstrings, gastroc

Answer 10

Traps, glutes, soleus, core

Answer 11

Cylindrical organelle running the length of the muscle fiber, containing Actin and Myosin filaments.

Answer 12

Functional unit of the Myofibril, divided into I, A, and H bands.

Answer 13

Thin contractile protein filament, containing ‘active’ or ‘binding’ sites. It slides past myosin causing contractions

Answer 14

Think, contractile protein filament, with protrusions known as Myosin Heads. Pulls action filaments towards one another by means of cross bridges.

Answer 15

an actin- binding protein which regulates muscle contraction.

Answer 16

A complex of three proteins, attached to Tropomyosin.

Answer 17

separates each sarcomere. It provides an anchor for proteins and also anchors the actin filaments to the ends of the sarcomere.

Answer 18

is the centre of the A band and it is where adjacent myosin filament anchor to each other

Answer 19

is the centre of the sarcomere and has only myosin filaments

Answer 20

are also known as dark bands and has both actin and myosin microfilaments- stays the same length during contraction [IB exam Q]

Answer 21

are also known as light bands and has only actin microfilaments.

Answer 22

Subunit of a myofibril, At either end is a Z line to Which narrow actin filaments are attached, actin filaments stretch inwards (center of Sarcomere), between them are thicker myosin filaments (have heads that can bind to the actin)

Answer 23

increase in tension (load) that results in changes in the skeletal muscle length.

Answer 24

Concentric Acentric

Answer 25

concerns muscle actions that produce a force to overcome the load being acted upon (Positive work, shortening contraction which typically occurs against gravity)

Answer 26

refers to muscle action in which the muscle force yields to the imposed load (negative work, lengthening contraction that works with gravity)

Answer 27

form of contraction when the muscle length remains constant. It occurs when muscle force balances resistance and no joint movement occurs.

Answer 28

that remains constant because there are internal movement processes that take place during the muscle contraction that force the fibers to remain the same length.

Answer 29

is a term that is used to describe an action at constant-velocity with a full range of movement muscle contraction.

Answer 30

Can also refer to a testing and rehabilitation machine.

Answer 31

classified depending on how many axes of rotation the bones have

Answer 32

In gliding joints the bones simply slide in relation to each other. Therefore, there are no axes of rotation in this type of joint (ex; between the carpal bones in the palm of the hand).

Answer 33

In hinge joints and pivot joints there is only one axis of rotation. This means that the structure of the bones at the joint restricts rotation to movement around one axis only. (ex; the elbow joint).

Answer 34

At condylar joints and saddle joints there are two axes of rotation and therefore the bones can move in two different ways (ex; the knee and thumb)

Answer 35

Ball and socket joints allow rotation around three axes. Therefore, these bones permit the greatest movement, as they allow the limbs attached at them to move through a large volume offspace. (ex; shoulder and hip joints).

Answer 36

In this role, the muscle contracts concentrically to move the bone relative to the joint. The muscle shortens and the muscle torque is greater than any resistance torque.

Answer 37

Primer, assistant, or emergency

Answer 38

If a muscle contracts eccentrically, then it is often acting as an antagonist for the joint action. This means it acts in the opposite direction to its usual concentric function, and gets longer even though it is contracting.

Answer 39

Most muscles have more than one action at a joint. These muscles contract to prevent unwanted action of the agonist or antagonists.

Answer 40

When an agonist contracts to move a body segment, the antagonist relaxes.

Answer 41

Describing the combination of joint movement and muscular contraction.

Answer 42

results from eccentric muscle action and is associated with structural muscle damage, inflammatory reactions in the muscle, overstretching and overtraining.

Answer 43

Reducing the eccentric component of muscle actions during early training, Starting training at a low intensity and gradually increasing the intensity, Warming up before exercise, cooling down after.

Topic #4: Movement Analysis Flashcards

(67 cards)