u15 Flashcards by Ang R

flight service stations are at class ____ control zones. what do they provide

class E

aerodrome advisory service (AAS) and veichnle control service (VCS)

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what is the call sign when you want to talk to FIC

xxxx Radio

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what is the call sign when you want to talk to FSS (class E)

xxx Radio

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what does “CAVOK” on the ATIS mean?
- cloud height
- visibility
- weather phenomena

no clouds below 5000 AGL or below the minimum sector altitude

P6SM

no precipitation, storm, fog or low snow

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a VOLUMET broadcast is like ATIS but,
- location
- type of radio wave

high north / north atlantic crossing
HF or datalink

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when the airport operator has a planned temporary change, how much time in advance will they give the NOTAM

6h to 14 day notice

unless unforeseen circumstance

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CCA METAR means what

correction alpha metar

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SPECI metar is made when

big changes within the hour

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METAR gives winds and cloud heights in what units

winds in degrees TRUE

cloud heights AGL

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RVR gives a _____ min average of runway visibility

10 min

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metar code: SG, PL, GR, GS, IC

SG snow grain
PL ice pellets
GR hail
GS snow pellets
IC ice crystals

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what does this mean: RETSRA

recent moderate thunderstorm and moderate rain

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metar codes: BR, FU, FG, HZ, SA, DU, VA

BR mist
FU smoke
FG fog
HZ haze
SA sand
DU dust
VA volcanic ash

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sky cover amounts in a METAR/TAF are…

cumulative

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what does “CLR” mean from an AWOS (metar)

no cloud below 10 000 ft

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does the AWOS cloud height sensor under read or over read during precipitation

under reads - more intense than it reports because of radar attenuation

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which is more accurate: human or AWOS observation

AUTO more accurate when not affected by heavy rain/blowing snow

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what does LWIS include

wind speed and direction
temperature and dew
alt setting

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what is prevailing visibility

majority visibility around an airport (used for metar)

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what is RVR

distance you can see down runway

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how many times a day is the TAF released

4x a day

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a TAF reports the winds as VRB when

the winds are less than 3 KT
or
the wind is changing direction

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when does a taf use the term “TEMPO”

a temporary change for no longer than 1h straight, but we can have up to half the total flight time within the period

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how often is a FD released

every 12h

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when an FD has a code 9900 what does it mean

wind is less than 5 KT

decode this FD: 731960

73 - 50 =23 -> 230ºT 119 KT -60ºC

when is an AIRMET released

when there’s a surprise weather change that isn’t shown in the GFA

while in-flight, a SIGMET that is suddenly released will be broadcasted on what frequency

126.7

the GFA shows conditions at what altitude / pressure level

below 24 000 ASL (400 hPa) **

which GFA chart has an additional IFR outlook for the following 12h

3rd cloud chart so that IFR people have a 24h information

cloud height on GFA in what units

ASL

VFR: ceiling and visibility requirements

over 3000 AGL and more than 5 SM visibility

MVFR: ceiling and visibility requirements

clouds 1000 to 3000 AGL and/or visibility between 3-5 SM

IFR: ceiling and visibility requirements

ceiling less than 1000 AGL and/or visibility less than 3 SM

a dashed green line on GFA means __________ precipitation

showery or intermittent

a solid green line on GFA means __________ precipitation

continuous

how fast does the surface wind need to be going if it’s going to be down on the GFA

speed greater 20KT gusts greater 30 KT

T/F: light icing on the icing and turbulence GFA is drawn on the map

false - light icing mentioned in comments box, only moderate to severe is drawn on map

GFA is automatically amended by what two things

AIRMET or SIGMET

the 250 hPa pressure level is how high above sea level? and how many dM?

250 hPa = 35 000 ASL = 1 050 dM

the 500 hPa pressure level is how high above sea level? and how many dM?

500 hPa = 18 000 ASL = 570 dM

the 700 hPa pressure level is how high above sea level? and how many dM?

700 hPa = 10 000 ASL = 300 dM

the 800 hPa pressure level is how high above sea level? and how many dM?

800 hPa = 5000 ASL = 150 dM

the contours on upper level chart show _________ the isobars on surface charts show _______

upper level chart = pressure HEIGHTS surface charts = pressure

upper prognostic charts have two charts. what’s the height of the lower level (ASL and hPa) chart height of the higher level?

lower level = 10 000 to 24 000 (700 to 400 hPa) higher level = FL 250 to FL 630

geostationary satellites - orbit what location at ____ KM - how many orbits daily - how long does it take to get a full disc image scan - benefit

above equator at 36 000 KM one orbit daily 30 mins for full disc scan (10 mins in rapid scan mode) good for watching weather at one location for an extended period of time

polar satellites - orbit what location at ____ KM - how many orbits daily - how long does it take to get a new image scan - benefit and disadvantage

above the poles at 850 KM 14x orbits daily new image every 6h can’t see weather changing at one location in real time since it’s moving so fast that it’s not hovering above one location but since low above earth, high resolution

infared imaging for weather: - measures _________ - can you get images at night - at what location/situation would the scan not work - why is it hard for infared imagining to detect low level clouds

temperature yes mountain tops or extremely cold temperature = earth can be as cold as clouds so IR can’t differentiate low level clouds have similar temperature to surface

visible imaging for weather: - can you get images at night - better or worse resolution compared to infrared

better resolution can’t see at night - daytime only

do clouds, ice crystals or dry snow show up on the iso-echo radar?

NO radar only picks up liquid water - not dry ice, dry snow…

with picking up rain on the iso-echo radar, the _______ of drops determines the amount of reflectivity

SIZE wet hail = giant raindrop = highest reflectivity

if we tilt our planes weather radar antenna too high (above the freezing level), what will the radar show us

above the freezing level = frozen (DRY) precipitation at top of anvil = shows low intensity

what is the best angle for a pilot to tilt their weather antenna to see the best precipitation display

tilt antenna to ground, and then upwards until ground return is minimized (but still there) = shows max precipitation display

what is the Threat Ident Procedure (TIP point) for tilting your antenna to get best reading of weather that’s happening at your altitude

1. tilt radar beam until it’s at the 20 NM arc 2. know your altitude 3. tilt the beam upwards (degrees) so that it’s half the value of your altitude: for 12 000 ft = 6º tilt upwards

when a convective cloud has a top that is higher than ________ ft above the freezing level, that section of the cloud will have damaging sized hail

10 000 ft

if you’re flying below freezing level (warmer than 0ºC), avoid storms by ______ NM

5 NM

if you’re flying above freezing level (colder than 0ºC), avoid storms by ______ NM

10 NM

any echo that shows up on the radar beyond ___ to ___ NM is indicating an intense storm that is dangerous

50 - 70 NM

when flying above ________ ft, all echos on the radar must be avoided by a minimum of ______ NM

23 000 ft 20 NM

lightning detection system: - detects ______ - advantages - disadvantages

detects static bursts nearby detect cells hidden behind other storms, real-time information lightning can occur miles from an active cell, can’t detect rain (where worst downdrafts are)

what is a rain shadow on the weather radar

if a cell is extremely strong, it can absorb most of the the signal = hide other cells behind it and show clear skies behind

data-link receivers (type of weather radar) - how does it work - who can you get this weather information from - does it show real time information - is rain shadows common with data link

multiple radars on ground send information to XM weather or ADS-B lag between ground radar detection, and ADSB sending you the information no rain shadows because multiple ground radars = multiple angles of storm

t/f: ADS-B has higher resolution that XM weather

false ADS-B has LOWER resolution than XM weather, but is faster at uploading XM weather is slow to load but high resolution

Planned Position Indicator (PPI) ground radar - how does it work - does it scan at one or multiple levels - can it detect far out storms

one beam sent out at a fixed angle one level no because the radar beam has a higher altitude as it moves farther = less likely to detect a storm far away since the cell will have a lower altitude than the radar beam

what is a Constant Altitude PPI (CAPPI) ground radar - how does it work - how long does it take to complete a full volume scan - what are two shortcomings with CAPPI

scans horizontally and vertically - scans one angle at a time 10 mins attenuation (rain block signal) and ground clutter (tall object blocks weather behind)

CAPPI radar radius

250 KM

doppler radar radius

120 KM

Doppler ground radar - what does it measure - can it detect that CAPPI cannot

speed that the storm is moving wind shear and downbursts

t/f: ground clutter is detected by doppler and cappi ground radar

false doppler measures speed of storm and since ground doesn’t move, it’s not detected cappi can’t differentiate it just sends out a signal that bounces off of weather or ground cappi doesn’t know

what is anomalous propagation for ground radar how can you differentiate between anomalous propagation and a real echo

radar beam that passes through the atmosphere curves downwards in very cold dense air and hits the ground = shows echo very far away anomalous propagation = echo will move because the atmosphere is always changing BUT it will show erratic movements and sharp changes in intensity

what is an overshooting beam for ground radar

if precipitation forms at an elevation below the beam, it won’t get detected

snow can be difficult for the radar to detect so environment canada will change the _______ setting on the radar depending on the season

reflectivity

u15 Flashcards

(72 cards)