u7 Flashcards by Ang R

what is the clean aircraft concept

no takeoff if frost/ice adhering to any critical surface

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what is cold-soaking phenomenon and when can it happen

when a plane goes from cold to warm location, frost may develop on plane. Cold fuel tanks that touch descend into warm-moist air

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thunderstorms:
- turbulence can extend up to ____ miles from storm
- don’t _______ when storm is approaching, don’t fly _____ a storm

20 miles
takeoff or land, under

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mountain flying:
- updrafts on _____ side, downdrafts on ______ side
- your route must avoid areas where you can’t do a ________
- must be able to complete a _______ rate, ______ radius turn at all times

sunny, shaded
safe forced landing
maximum rate minimum radius

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fly above wildlife ______ AGL

2000 AGL

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what is the minimum aerodrome lighting requirements

two parallel rows of white lights, spaced at least 60m (200ft) apart for a minimum length of 420m

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how can your landing cause the plane to wheelbarrow

too fast at touchdown with a low nose attitude

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what is porpoising and how do you fix it

bouncing off wheel s
apply back pressure to establish normal landing altitude

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what it hydroplaning and how much can it increase your landing distance (%)

wheel skim across surface of water
700%

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t/f: when you get a taxi clearance, respond in your call sign

false

must acknowledge and read back all taxi clearances

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your buddy that just landed in front of you reports “decreased performance shear”. how do you modify your approach on final.

on approach, initially increase power, then reduce it to a lower setting than before to maintain airspeed and approach angle

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____, ____ and _____ planes more susceptible to wind shear

large, heavy, slow

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why does a cold day result in stronger wake turbulence vortices?

more air molecules = stronger vortices

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a plane just overshot the runway, is it safe for me to takeoff right away?

no because wake turbulence from the overshooting plane will sink onto my runway so i must wait a couple mins to allow turbulence to dissipate

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a super heavy behind a super heavy

4 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a heavy behind a super heavy

6 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a heavy behind a heavy

4 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a medium behind a super heavy

7 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a medium behind a heavy

5 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a light behind a super heavy

8 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a light behind a heavy

6 miles

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radar departure:
ATC gives you a separation minima of how many miles when you’re a light behind a medium

4 miles

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you’re in a non-radar airport. how big of a separation will ATC give you if you’re taking off behind a heavy plane?

how big of separation if you’re rotating after the rotation point of the medium or heavy plane

2 mins

3 mins

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t/f: pilot is allowed to request waiving the wake turbulence separation

true if
i know previous planes rotation point
i know i can out climb them
pilot accepts all responsibility

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wake turbulence category: LIGHT

under 7000 kg under 15 500 lbs

wake turbulence category: MEDIUM

7000 to 136 000 kg 15 500 to 300 000 lbs

wake turbulence category: HEAVY

over 136 000 kg over 300 000 lbs

in ______ conditions, wake turbulences brakes up faster

windy

jet blast: SMALL JET idle blast area takeoff thrust area

idle 200 ft takeoff thrust 500 ft

jet blast: MEDIUM JET idle blast area takeoff thrust area

idle 450 ft takeoff thrust 1200 ft

jet blast: JUMBO JET idle blast area takeoff thrust area

idle 600 ft takeoff thrust 1600 ft

SAR is a service that who provides

joint rescue coordination centre (JRCC)

flight plan expires? after ____ ATC starts looking for you, after _____ SAR starts

5 mins 1h

once a plane is reported missing, a _______ will be sent to nearby ATS

MANOT (missing aircraft notification

what is VDF and how does it work what does it mean when a controller tells you to “transmit for bearing”

VHF direction finding helps ATC get you unlost using your radio repeat your registration slowly so they can get a lock on you

when ur in an emergency but can’t make radio contact what 3 things can you do

7700 monitor emergency frequency fly in triangle pattern

what way to do fly your emergency triangle if you’re trying to make contact in an emergency when: receiver operating only receiver and transmitter not operating

right left

medium-coarse sandpaper thickness of frost can decrease lift by ______ and increase drag by ______

decrease lift 30% and increase drag 40%

how does frost on critical surface affect stall speed and critical AoA

frost = changes shape + adds weight = increase stall speed and decrease critical AoA

t/f: you can takeoff with frost on underside of wings as long as it follows the plane manufacturers instructions

true

what is type 1 fluid what’s it made of colour thin or thick how does it work

de-icing fluid glycol + water orange thin glycol makes the freezing temp of water lower so the ice melts

what is type 2 fluid colour how does it work is it thin or thick how long does it stay on the wings for

anti-icing fluid clear absorbs the precipitation thick so stays on the wings on the ground but during takeoff the shear stress thins it out so it flow off the wings

what is type 3 fluid how long does it last for fast or slow planes

mix of de-icing and anti-icing last longer than type 1 but shorter than type 2 slow planes (Vr less than 100 KT)

what is type 4 fluid what colour is it why is it thicker than type 2 fluid

better anti-icing fluid green thicker to last longer (for fast planes)

how is de-icing or anti-icing fluid HOLDOVER time, effected by mixture ratio humidity wind temperature

more glycol = increase HOT high humidity = more water = thins out fluid = decreases HOT high wind blows off fluid cold temperature = decreases HOT

t/f: ground anti-icing gives you ice protection in flight

false fluid sheers off during takeoff

how do freezing point depressant (FPD) fluids work how can we speed up the process to melting ice

FPD fluids lowers the freezing point of water = ice melts heated fluid or high-pressure spray equipment

t/f: PIC must do walk around to make sure the entire plane is clear of ice after it’s been sprayed in the central de-icing facility

false PIC can check the representative surface (can be seen from cockpit) to see if we can expect contamination on other critical surfaces * air operators have representative surfaces designated for the plane

as the temperature becomes _____ the anti-icing fluid gets thicker. can it get to a point where it affects airplane performance

colder = thicker fluid = harder to shear off = might not be able to shear off during takeoff = changes shape of wing and decreases performance

in order to make the FPD fluid (freezing point depressant) work effectively in colder temperatures, what can we do to the solution? can this be done up to a certain point, or continued forever

increase concentration of fluid = decreases the freezing point temperature up to a certain point - as you get close to 100% concentration, it peaks at lowest temperature but then temperature starts to rise again

what is the Lowest Operational Use Temperature (LOUT) for a de/anti-icing fluid? we cannot use a fluid if the OAT is _____ than the LOUT

either: 1. the lowest temperature determined by the acceptance test OR 2. the freezing point of the fluid with a 7-10º buffer 10º buffer for type 1 7º buffer for type 2 COLDER

for a type 1 fluid, the acceptance test is -45ºC; the freezing point of the fluid is -43ºC; the OAT is -39ªC. can this fluid de-ice the plane in these conditions?

1. acceptance test = -45ºC 2. freezing point + 10º buffer = -43 + 10 = -33ºC. **this temperature is higher so use this one** -39ºC is lower than -33ºC so we can NOT use this fluid because the temperature is COLDER than the LOUT

for a type 2 fluid, the acceptance test is -45ºC; the freezing point of the fluid is -43ºC; the OAT is -39ªC. can this fluid de-ice the plane in these conditions?

1. acceptance test = -45ºC 2. freezing point + 7º buffer = -43 + 7 = -36ºC. **this temperature is higher so use this one** -39ºC is lower than -36ºC so we can NOT use this fluid because the temperature is COLDER than the LOUT

fluid dry out vs fluid failure

fluid dry out - if fluid residue stays on plane it can restrict control surfaces fluid failure - exceeding holdover time, change in weather or jet blast cause the fluid not to work

where can we find procedures for de-icing

CFS and CAP (canada air pilot)

how does an overloaded plane decrease performance

higher takeoff speed and longer run shallower rate of climb slower cruise speed because flies at high AoA = more drag + burn more fuel because need more power less range also for fuel burning reason higher stall speed sucky maneuverability

what is the standard airplane weight

airframe

standard empty weight

airframe + standard equipment + un-usable fuel + oil

basic empty weight

standard empty weight + optional equipment

useful load

pilot + passengers + bags + usable fuel

zero fuel weight

plane + crew + passengers + oil + un-usable fuel

weight of AVGAS in lbs per gal

6 lbs/gal

weight of jet fuel in lbs per gal

7 lbs/gal

weight of oil (65) in lbs per gal

7.5 lbs/gal

if the CoG or CoP changes, what other force must change too

elevator downward force

what is the datum line equipment forward of the datum line are positive or negative? and backward?

reference point where all horizontal distances are measured for weight and balance purposes forward = negative backward = positive

if the plane is loaded outside the CoG limits, the plane is not _______

airworthy

_____ to _____ MAC is an acceptable range for the CoG

10-30%

forward CoG - more/less downward force on elevators - more/less drag - more/less fuel - stall speed increases or decreases

- more downward force on elevators - higher AoA = more drag - more drag = cruise slower = more fuel - higher stall speed

aft CoG - more/less downward force on elevators - more/less drag - more/less fuel - stall speed increases or decreases

- less tail force - lower AoA = less drag - less drag = cruise faster = less fuel - lower stall speed

if the CoG is IN FRONT of the CoP, the plane is

stable

if the CoG is BEHIND the CoP, the plane is

unstable

actual weight volunteered weight estimated weight

actual weight - weighing a passenger before boarding volunteered weight - what the passenger says + 10 lbs + clothes and carry-on (8lbs summer or 14lbs winter) estimated weight - pilot estimates weight + carry-on

what commercial operations are you allowed to use standard vs segmented weights

air taxi (703) - 12y and older = SEGMENTED weights only **and based on seating capacity of plane (not number passengers) - under 11y = standard commuter (704) and airlines (705) - standard weight for all passengers - unless the passenger is super fat above the standard weight, then you use their actual weight

if there’s no bags on this commuter or airline flight (704,705), how many lbs can we reduce the standard weight by

13 lbs

u7 Flashcards

(76 cards)