u10 Flashcards
(70 cards)
must check pitot-static system how often for IFR flights
2 years
there is a dent in the fuselage that results in the static port being slightly tilted forwards towards the oncoming air, how does this affect the readings
static port reading higher static pressure
where is the alternate static source located in an unpressurized plane? pressurized?
unpressurized: inside cowling or cabin, rip static line, break VSI glass
pressurized: inside cowling
when you turn on the alternate static source, what will your instruments say
VSI = momentarily a climb but level out to zero
ALT = slightly higher (50ft)
ASI = reads slightly faster (since larger pressure difference)
IFR flights require what equipment as part of the pitot static system
pitot heat
alternate static source
how do the instruments read when there’s a completely blocked STATIC port
ASI extra slow in climb
ASI extra fast in descent
ALT = frozen at previous altitude
VSI = 0
how do the instruments read when there’s a completely blocked PITOT
ASI = increases during climb
ASI decreases during descent
ALT and VSI unaffected
how do the instruments read when there’s a PARTIALLY blocked PITOT
ASI = 0
* pitot drains until it pitot = static pressure
what is ASI position error
mounted far from slipstream + ahead of wing so that it’s taking in undisturbed air
at high AoA, less straight flow into pitot tube = less accurate readings
what is ASI instrument error
friction from the pitot itself
what is ASI compressibility error
occurs at high speed (greater 250KT) and high altitudes
what is ASI density error
changes in altitude and temperature will make you have a different TAS than IAS
how can you easily calculate your TAS when you know your pressure altitude and IAS
add 2% to your IAS for every 1000 ft pressure altitude
indicated airspeed:
what is it
does indicated stall speed change with altitude or temperature
read off dial
always same indicated stall speed because it’s based on critical AoA
what is calibrated airspeed
indicated airspeed correcting for position and instrument errors
True airspeed
- corrects for what errors
- does true stall speed change with altitude or temperature
CAS corrected for density errror (high temp or altitude)
true stall speed increases with altitude -> less air molecules at high altitude/temp so need to fly faster to get enough lift to stay flying
why does bank angle increase the stall speed
need to fly faster to get the same amount of vertical lift
why do heavy planes have faster stall speeds
because they fly at higher AoA, so they’ll reach their critical AoA at faster speeds
add _____ the gust factor to your approach speed on turbulent days. so if my normal approach is 65 KT, on a 20G30 day, i should approach at
half
10KT difference = 10/2 =5
65+5=70
approach at 70KT
how does contamination on the wing increase stall speed
smooth airflow separates from the wing earlier so it can’t generate as much lift
explain how at higher power settings, you have a lower stall speed
upward component of thrust changes the relative airflow, so now you’re at a lower AoA = farther from critical at same speed
plus the propeller sends more airflow over the top of the wing = more lift
why do you have higher takeoff and landing rolls on hot, high altitude days?
can i compensate and slow my approach down so that i approach at a lower TAS?
on hot days or high altitude, there’s lower air density = less drag = flying at faster TAS than your indicated says you are
no don’t you dare because even though your TAS is slower (shorter landing roll), your IAS is really close to stall speed
what is Vmc
what happens if you fly below Vmc in a critical engine failure? above?
minimum speed to control and maintain level flight in (critical) engine failure
at speeds below Vmc, the plane will yaw and roll towards the failed engine
at speeds above Vmc, there’s enough air to hit the rudder so that we can control adverse yaw
which engine is the critical engine in a multi-engine plane? why?
left is critical engine
because the right blade (down) generates more thrust, so if the left engine quits, the right engine causes LOTS more adverse yaw. and when it yaws left, there’s more airflow over right wing so it starts to roll left further
