u9 Flashcards
(65 cards)
up sloped runway gives the illusion that we’re too ______, so the pilot _____ power causing them to _______ the runway
high
reduce
undershoot
down sloped runway gives the illusion that we’re too ______, so the pilot _____ power causing them to _______ the runway
low
adds
overshoot
narrow runway gives the illusion that we’re too ______, so the pilot _____ power causing them to _______ the runway
high
reduces
undershoot
wide runway gives the illusion that we’re too ______, so the pilot _____ power causing them to _______ the runway
low
adds
overshoot
what gives the illusion of a black hole and how does it affect your approach slope
bright runway with dark surroundings and a bright city in the distance
looks like you’re too high so you lower your approach slope and undershot the runway
what is an auto kinetic illusion
stationary object is moving
what is a false visual reference illusion and give an example
you orient yourself with a false horizon
fly over banked cloud
mountains
rain on windshield makes the runway look different. how?
how does it affect your approach
runway looks higher and farther away so you reduce power and undershoot
what is a vection illusion
your plane is stationary but another plane is taxiing beside me so it makes the pilot think he’s the one moving
what is white out illusion
how does it affect your depth perception
horizon disappears because everything is white and featureless
depth perception reduced
semicircular canals:
- detect changes in _______ acceleration
- how does it work
- how do constant rate turns give you an illusion
angular acceleration (yaw, roll, pitch)
as you turn your head, the fluid moves in the canal and your hairs are bent in the opposite direction = signals brain
constant rate turns more than 20 sec - hairs go back upright so it tells ur brain there’s no more acceleration (turn). so when you start turing back to level flight, your brain feels like it’s turning in the opposite direction
what are the 4 illusions caused by the semicircular canals (false sense of rotation)
- LEANS - slow undetected roll, so when you straighten out you feel like you’re banked in the opposite direction
- GRAVEYARD SPIN - prolonged spin your brain gets used to the sensation and thinks the spin is over. so when pilot uses right rudder to stop the spin, the brain feels like you’re entering a right spin. so to correct the sensation, the pilot re-enters the left spin
- GRAVEYARD SPIRAL - prolonged bank turn, pilot brain got used to the sensation so when he corrects the bank and returns to level flight, his ear thinks he’s turning in the opposite direction. so to correct the sensation the pilot re-enters the original turn
- CORIOLIS ILLUSION - simultaneous sensation of two semicircular canals (pitching your head while plane is turning) can get pilot disoriented
otolith organs
- detect changes in _______ acceleration
- how does it work
linear
urticle and saccule in each ear, and when the fluid moves them, they signal brain there’s linear acceleration
3 types of somatogravic illusions from otolith organs
- INVERSION - steep climb followed by sudden return to level flight gives the illusion that you’re inverted
- HEAD UP ILLUSION - linear acceleration in level flight feels like the nose of the plane is pitching up so the pilot responds by pitching the nose down
- HEAD DOWN ILLUSION - linear deceleration in level flight feels like the nose of the plane is pitching down so the pilot responds by pitching the nose up
what are proprioceptive receptors
in the skin, muscles and joints that tells us body posture by sensing the relative position of our body parts in relation to each other and where it’s contacting the floor/seat
difference between spatial disorientation and airsickness
disorientation = mismatching signals telling you you’re at a false body orientation
airsickness = unfamiliar motion and orientation clues
what do you do if a passenger becomes airsick
open air vents
loosen clothing
focus on a point outside
keep head against seat rest
what is hypoxia
- first sign
- minor hypoxia impairs what at night? so what altitude must you use supplemental oxygen at night
- how are alc and hypoxia additive
- why are smokers more susceptible to hypoxia
hypoxia - lack of oxygen for body to function properly
euphoria
night vision - always have O2 above 5000 ft
one drink feels like two at 6000 ft
smokers have CO2 in blood and reduces O2 carrying capacity in blood
what is dysbarism
- what parts of your body will give you signs
- if a passenger complains about ^^^, what can you do and suggest they do
trapped gasses in body will expand or contract during altitude changes
ear, nose, tooth ache
i’m descending too fast so i can level off and then tell them to Valsalva, swallow or chew gum
what is decompression sickness (the bends)
you’re breathing pressurized air during scuba diving so your tissues are super-saturated with nitrogen
as your climb and air pressure gets lower, nitrogen bubbles can clump in your tissues
after non-decompression dives, avoid flights below 8000 ASL for ____
12h
after decompression dives (deep), avoid flights below 8000 ASL for _____
24h
regardless of what type of dive, avoid all flights above 8000 ASL for ______
24h
explain the cones and rods in your eyes
cones = central vision = need lots of light to see colour and detail
rods = peripheral vision = good for nighttime a
