U15 Flashcards
(251 cards)
affection
/əˈfekʃ ə n/
1.a feeling of liking or love and caring
喜爱，钟爱；慈爱
SYN fondness
•She looked back on those days with affection . 她深情地回顾那些日子。
•Their father never showed them much affection . 他们的父亲对他们从来没有表现出多少慈爱。
•The church was held in great affection (= loved and cared about a lot ) by the local residents. 教会深受当地民众爱戴。
[+ for]
•Bart had a deep affection for the old man. 巴特对这位老人有很深的感情。
2.sb’s affections
the feelings of love and caring that someone has某人的钟爱
•Africa has always had a special place in my affections. 非洲在我心中始终占据着特殊的位置。
alliance
/əˈlaɪəns/
1.an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something联盟，结盟
[+ with]
•Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners 英国与其北约伙伴的军事联盟
[+ between]
•the possibility of a political alliance between the two parties 两党政治联盟的可能性
make/enter into/form/forge an alliance (=agree to work together)结成联盟
•The companies have formed an alliance to market the product. 各家公司联手将该产品推向市场。
2.a group of two or more countries, groups etc who work together to achieve something结盟团体，同盟
•independent organizations and alliances 独立组织和联盟
3.in alliance (with sb/sth)
if two groups, countries etc are in alliance, they work together to achieve something or protect each another
（与某人/某物）联盟[联手]
•Relief workers in alliance with local charities are trying to help the victims. 救济人员与当地慈善机构联合起来，设法帮助灾民。
→ at 见 unholy →unholy alliance at 见 unholy1
apathy
/ˈæpəθi/
the feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things
漠然，冷淡
•The campaign failed because of public apathy. 由于公众反应冷淡，这次运动失败了。
arc
/ɑːk/ 1.a curved shape or line弧（状） •the arc of a rainbow 彩虹的弧状 2.part of a curved line or a circle弧线；弧形 •The Sun moves across the sky in an arc. 太阳在天空中以弧线方式运行。 3.a flash of light formed by the flow of electricity between two points 弧光，电弧 DERIVATIVE 派生词 arc v [I]
assemble
/əˈsemb ə l/
1.[I,T] if you assemble a large number of people or things, or if they assemble, they are gathered together in one place, often for a particular purpose集合，聚集
THESAURUS collect meet
•A large crowd had assembled outside the American embassy. 一大群人聚集在美国大使馆外。
•He looked around at the assembled company (= all the people who had come there ) . 他环顾四周聚集的人群。
•She had assembled a collection of her favourite songs. 她收集了一些自己最喜欢听的歌。
2.[T] to put all the parts of something together组装，装配
•The aircraft will continue to be assembled in France. 飞机将继续在法国组装。
ballot
/ˈbælət/
1.[C,U] a system of voting, usually in secret, or an occasion when you vote in this way
无记名投票
THESAURUS election
•The party leader is elected by secret ballot . 政党领袖是通过无记名投票选举产生的。
•Workers at the plant held a ballot and rejected strike action. 工厂工人举行投票，否决了罢工行动。
2.[C] a piece of paper on which you make a secret vote〔无记名〕投票用纸，选票
SYN ballot paper
•Only 22% of voters cast their ballots . 只有22%的选民投了票。
3.the ballot
the total number of votes in an election
投票总数
SYN the vote
•He won 54% of the ballot. 他赢得了54%的选票。
ballot 2 v. [I,T ]
1.to ask someone to vote for something
要求（某人）投票
[+ on/over]
•Train drivers are being balloted on industrial action. 火车司机被要求就劳工行动一事进行投票表决。
2.to vote for something投票
THESAURUS vote
[+ for]
•Staff balloted for strike action yesterday. 昨天员工投票赞成罢工行动。
cast one’s ballot
投票
banner
/ˈbænə/
1.a long piece of cloth on which something is written, often carried between two poles
〔通常用两根竿子撑开的〕横幅，横幅标语
•The onlookers were shouting, cheering, and waving banners. 观众挥动着横幅，又是叫喊又是欢呼。
2.a belief or principle
旗帜，口号〔指信仰或原则〕
carry/raise/wave etc the banner of sth (=publicly support a particular belief etc)打着/举起/挥舞等某事物的旗帜
•She’d never felt the need to carry the banner of feminism. 她从来都不觉得有必要打出女权主义的旗号。
under the banner of sth
•They marched under the banner of equal educational opportunity. 他们打着平等教育的旗号游行示威。
3.under the banner of sth
as part of a particular group or organization
在…的旗下，在…的麾下
•The oil-producing countries joined together under the banner of OPEC. 产油国都加入了石油输出国组织。
beacon
/ˈbiːkən/
1.a light that is put somewhere to warn or guide people, ships, vehicles, or aircraft
灯标，灯塔
2.a radio or radar signal used by aircraft or boats to help them find their position and direction无线电[雷达]信标
3.especially literary a person, idea etc that guides or encourages you
引路人，指路明灯
[+ of]
•The education program offers a beacon of hope to these children. 这项教育计划为这些儿童燃起了希望之光。
bill
/bɪl/
1.request for payment 付款要求
a written list showing how much you have to pay for services you have received, work that has been done etc账单
•Have you paid the phone bill? 电话费你付了吗？
[+ for]
•The bill for the repairs came to $650. 修理费用总计650美元。
2.restaurant 餐馆
a list showing how much you have to pay for food you have eaten in a restaurant
〔餐费的〕账单
SYN check especially BrE,AmE 【尤英】,【美】
•Could we have the bill, please? 请给我们结账好吗？
3.law 法律
a written proposal for a new law, that is brought to a parliament so that it can be discussed议案，法案
•The senator introduced a bill that would increase the minimum wage. 那位参议员提交了一个拟提高最低工资的法案。
approve/pass/veto a bill
•The House of Representatives passed a new gun-control bill. 众议院通过了一个新的枪支管制法案。
THESAURUS 词语辨析
1.bill 账单
a piece of paper that tells you how much you must pay
•Many families are struggling to pay their bills. 许多家庭只能勉强付清账单。
•We got a huge phone bill. 我们收到一份巨额的电话账单。
2.check 〔餐费的〕账单
a bill that tells you how much you must pay in a restaurant
•Can I have the check, please? 请给我结账好吗？
3.invoice 发票，发货清单
a document that lists the goods that a company has sent, or the services they have provided, and tells you how much you must pay. It is often sent from one company to another company
•Payment is due ten days after receipt of the invoice. 付款期限是收到发票后十天。
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.verbs 动词
pay a bill 付账单
•Most people pay their bills on time. 大多数人都按时付账单。
settle a bill(=pay it) 结账，付账
•She went down to the lobby to settle the bill for their rooms. 她下楼去大堂结算房费。
foot the bill/pick up the bill(=pay for something, especially when you do not want to) 〔尤指不情愿地〕承担费用，支付
•Taxpayers will probably have to foot the bill. 纳税人可能不得不承担此项支出。
run up a bill(=use a lot of something so that you have a big bill to pay) 积欠一大笔账
•It’s easy to run up a big bill on your mobile phone. 用手机很容易欠下一大笔账单。
a bill comes to sth(=is for that amount) 账单数额为某数目
•The bill came to $60. 账单金额为60美元。
2.adjectives/noun 形容词/名词 + bill
a big/huge bill 巨额账单
•Turn off the lights or we’ll get a huge electricity bill. 把灯关掉，不然我们的电费账单要吓死人了。
an electricity/gas/phone etc bill 电费/煤气/电话等账单
a hotel bill 酒店账单
a tax bill 税单
an unpaid bill 未付的账单
an outstanding bill(=still unpaid) 未付的账单
bill 2 v.
1.[T] to send someone a bill给…开[送]账单
•Clients will be billed monthly. 客户会按月收到账单。
bill sb for sth
•I was billed for equipment that I didn’t order. 我没有订购过器材，却收到了账单。
2.be billed to do sth
if someone is billed to appear, perform etc somewhere, it has been planned and advertised that they will do this
被宣传将会做某事
•Johnson was billed to speak at two conferences. 海报上宣传约翰逊将会在两个会议上发言。
3.bill and coo
old-fashioned to kiss and talk softly
卿卿我我
PHRVB 短语动词
bill sth as sthphr v
to advertise or describe something in a particular way
把…宣传为…
•The castle bills itself as the oldest in England. 这个城堡号称是英格兰最古老的城堡。
block
/blɒk/
1.solid material 固体物质
a piece of hard material such as wood or stone with straight sides
一块〔指木头、石头等有直边的坚硬物体〕
THESAURUS piece
→ breeze-block → building block → cinder block → see picture at 见 piece 1
•a wall made of concrete blocks 由混凝土块砌成的墙
[+ of]
•a block of ice 一块冰
2.streets/area 街道/区域
the distance along a city street from where one street crosses it to the next 街段，一段街区〔两条平行街道之间的一段〕
•Head for 44th Street, a few blocks east of Sixth Avenue. 往44号街走，从第六大街往东走几个街区就是。
•The church is down the block. 教堂就在这个街区那头。
the four city streets that form a square around an area of buildings 街区〔四条街道之内的区域〕
•Let’s walk round the block. 我们绕着街区走走吧。
•She grew up playing with the other kids on the block. 她是和街区里其他孩子一起玩大的。
a large piece of land 一大块土地
•a ten-acre block near the city 离城市不远的一块十英亩土地
3.large building 大楼
a large building divided into separate parts
栋，座，幢
•an office block 一栋办公大楼
•an apartment block 一栋公寓楼
•the school science block 学校的理科大楼
[+ of]
•a block of flats 一栋住宅楼
block 2 v. [T ] S3
1.to prevent anything moving through a space by being or placing something across it or in it阻挡，堵塞
•A fallen tree is blocking the road. 一棵倒下的树把路阻断了。
•The sink’s blocked up. 水槽堵住了。
2.block sb’s way/path/exit/escape etc
to stand in front of someone, so that they cannot go past
挡住某人的去路/路/出口/逃跑的路等
•I tried to get through, but there were people blocking my way. 我想过去，但是有人挡着路。
3.to stop something happening, developing, or succeeding
阻止，妨碍，阻挠
•The Senate blocked publication of the report. 参议院阻止这个报告发表。
•laws designed to block imports of cheap tobacco 旨在阻挠廉价烟草进口的法规
PHRVB 短语动词
block sb/sth ←→ inphr v
1.to park your car too close to another car, so that the other one cannot drive away
〔因为靠得太近而〕堵住〔别人的汽车〕
2.to paint or draw simple shapes or areas of colour画…的草图
•I’ll just block in the main buildings. 我就勾画一下主要的建筑物。
block sth←→ offphr v
1.to completely close something such as a road or an opening
封闭，封锁〔道路、入口等〕
•Police blocked off the city centre streets. 警方封锁了市中心的街道。
•The fireplace had been blocked off. 壁炉已经封起来了。
block sth←→ outphr v
1.to stop light reaching a place
挡住，遮住〔光线〕
•There was a heavy curtain blocking out the light. 一幅厚厚的窗帘挡住了光线。
2.to stop yourself thinking about something or remembering it不去想，抹去
•a memory so terrible that she tried to block it out 她努力想抹去的可怕记忆
block by block
一个人街区一个街区地
call
/kɔːl/
1.TELEPHONE 电话
[I,T] to telephone someone
（给…）打电话
THESAURUS phone
•She calls her father every couple of days. 她隔几天就给她爸爸打个电话。
•I’ll call you soon. 我马上打电话给你。
•What time did Tony call? 托尼是什么时候来电话的？
Do not say 不要说 ‘call to someone’. Say 而要说 call someone.
call a doctor/the police/a cab etc (=telephone someone and ask them to come to you)打电话叫医生/警察/出租车等
•I think we should call a doctor. 我觉得我们应该打电话叫医生来。
•I’m gonna call the cops! 我要打电话叫警察了！
2.DESCRIBE 描述
[T] to use a word or name to describe someone or something in a particular way
认为…是，把…叫作
•You may call it harmless fun, but I call it pornography. 你可能会说这是无恶意的小玩笑，但是我却认为这是色情。
call sb sth
•Are you calling me a liar? 你在说我撒谎吗？
call sb names (=use insulting names for someone)辱骂某人
•The other kids used to call me names, but I tried to ignore them. 别的小孩过去常常辱骂我，但我尽量不去理睬他们。
3.HAVE A NAME 名叫
[T] to have a particular name or title, or use a particular name or title for someone or something名叫，叫作；把…唤作
be called sth
•Our son is called Matthew. 我们的儿子叫马修。
•The arrow that appears on the screen is called a cursor. 屏幕上出现的箭头叫光标。
call sb sth
•My name’s Virginia, but my friends call me Ginny. 我的名字叫弗吉尼娅，但朋友们都叫我金尼。
•Do you want to be called Miss or Ms? 你愿意被称为小姐还是女士？
call sb by sth
•I prefer to be called by my middle name. 我更喜欢别人叫我的中间名。
→ so-called → at 见 bluff →call sb’s bluff at 见 bluff2 → at 见 close →too close to call at 见 close8
PHRVB 短语动词
call back phr v
1.call (sb) back to telephone someone again, for example because they were not at home when you telephoned last time
再打电话（给某人）；回（某人）电话
•I’ll call back later. 我稍后再打电话来。
•Can you ask John to call me back when he gets in? 约翰到家后让他给我回电话好吗？
2.to return to a place you went to earlier
回来，再来〔早些时候去过的某处〕
•You could call back to collect her at noon. 你可以中午再来接她。
call byphr v
1.to stop and visit someone when you are near the place where they live or work
顺路拜访
•I thought I’d call by and see how you were. 我想顺便来看看你。
call down sthphr v
1.to ask for someone, especially a god, to make something unpleasant happen to someone or something
〔尤向神〕祈求降祸于…
•He called down vengeance on them.他祈求上天给他们报应。
call 2 n. S1 W1
1.TELEPHONE 电话
[C] when you speak to someone on the telephone（一次）通话；电话
•It’s cheaper to make calls after 6 pm. 下午6点以后打电话便宜些。
•I’ll give you a call at the weekend. 我到周末给你打电话。
[+ for]
•Were there any phone calls for me while I was out? 我不在时有人给我来过电话吗？
[+ from]
•I received a call from an old friend last week. 上个星期我接到一位老朋友打来的电话。
2.be on call
if someone such as a doctor or engineer is on call, they are ready to go and help whenever they are needed as part of their job〔医生、工程师等〕待命，随叫随到
•Don’t worry, there’s a doctor on call 24 hours a day. 别担心，全天24小时都有一位医生值班。
3.SHOUT/CRY 叫/喊
[C]a loud sound that a bird or animal makes 〔鸟或动物的〕叫声
[+ of]
•the call of an owl 猫头鹰的叫声
a shout that you make to get someone’s attention 〔引起他人注意的〕呼喊声
→ at 见 beck →be at sb’s beck and call at 见 beck1 → port of call → roll-call → wake-up call
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.verbs 动词
make a call 打电话
•He made a few calls and then went out. 他打了几个电话就出去了。
give sb a call(=phone someone) 打电话给某人
•I’ll give him a call later today. 今天晚点我会给他打电话。
get/have a call 接到电话
•At 11 in the evening we got a call from the police. 晚上11点钟，我们接到警方打来的电话。
there is/was a call 有电话
•There was a phone call for you. 刚才有个找你的电话。
answer a call 接听电话
•We’re sorry that we cannot answer your call right now. 对不起，我们现在无法接听您的来电。
take a call(=answer one) 接听电话
•Monica took the call upstairs. 莫妮卡在楼上接了电话。
return sb’s call(=call someone after they have tried to call you) 回某人的电话
transfer a call(=connect one to another person’s phone) 转接某人的电话
put through a call(=transfer or make one) 接通电话
2.ADJECTIVES/NOUN 形容词/名词 + call
a phone/telephone call 电话
•I had a phone call from Barbara in Australia. 我接到芭芭拉从澳大利亚打来的电话。
a quick call 简短的电话
•This is just a quick call to make sure you’re OK. 我只是给你打个简短的电话，问问你好不好。
a local call 本地电话
•Local calls are free at weekends. 本地电话周末免费。
a long-distance call 长途电话
an international call 国际电话
a collect call(=one paid for by the person who receives it) 对方付费电话
incoming/outgoing calls(=coming into or going out of a place) 打进/拨出的电话
an emergency call(=to the police, fire service, or ambulance service) 紧急电话
a hoax call(=one intended to trick someone) 恶作剧电话
an anonymous call(=in which the caller does not give their name) 匿名电话
answer that call
响应号召
calloused
calloused skin is rough and covered in callus es
〔皮肤〕有硬结的，起老茧的
•rough calloused hands 粗糙且长满老茧的手
candidate
/’kændɪdɪt,’kændɪdət,’kændədɪt,’kændədət/
1.someone who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election候选人；申请者
•a presidential candidate 总统候选人
[+ for]
•There are only three candidates for the job. 这份工作只有三个人申请。
2.someone who is taking an examination
应试者，考生，参加考试的人
•Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam. 这次考试的应试者不可以使用计算器。
3.someone or something that is likely to experience or get something
有望体验[得到]…的人[物]
•The novel must be a prime candidate for the award. 这部小说肯定是获奖的大热门。
[+ for]
•The school is an obvious candidate for extra funding. 这所学校显然会得到额外的经费。
creed
/kriːd/
1.a set of beliefs or principles
信条，信念；原则
•It has never been weaker as a political creed . 作为一种政治信条，它从来没有像现在这样衰微过。
•a religious creed 宗教信条
•people of all colours and creeds 各种肤色和信仰的人
2.the Creed
a formal statement of belief spoken in certain Christian churches
〔在某些基督教会中宣讲的〕信经
cynical
/’sɪnɪk ə l/
1.unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something愤世嫉俗的，不相信人的真诚善意的
•a cynical view of human nature 认为人性本恶的一种观点
[+ about]
•The public is cynical about election promises. 公众并不相信竞选承诺。
2.not caring that something might not be morally right, might hurt someone etc, when you are trying to get something for yourself
无所顾忌的，不顾他人的
•a cynical disregard for international agreements 无视国际协定的损人利己行为
DERIVATIVE 派生词
cynically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
cynicism
n. 玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽
defining
adj. 最典型的；起决定性作用的
v. 规定（define的ing形式）；给…下定义；表明特征
defining moment
决定性时刻
depression
/dɪ’preʃ ə n/
1.[C,U]a medical condition that makes you very unhappy and anxious and often prevents you from living a normal life 抑郁症
•women who suffer from post-natal depression 患产后抑郁症的女性
a feeling of sadness that makes you think there is no hope for the future 忧郁，沮丧，消沉
•Lucy’s mood was one of deep depression . 露西的情绪极度消沉。
2.the (Great) Depression
the period during the 1930s when there was not much business activity and not many jobs〔20 世纪30年代的〕大萧条
3.[C,U] a long period during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs
经济萧条期，不景气时期
RELTD recession
•the devastating effects of economic depression 经济萧条的灾难性影响
Depression
特指1929（-1933）美国经济大危机
dismiss
/dɪs’mɪs/
1.to refuse to consider someone’s idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important拒绝考虑，否定
•The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess. 有人认为国家医疗政策一塌糊涂，政府对这种批评持否认态度。
•It’s an idea that shouldn’t be dismissed out of hand (= dismissed immediately and completely ) . 这个想法不该马上被全盘否定。
dismiss sth as sth
•He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。
2.to remove someone from their job
解雇，开除
SYN fire,sack
dismiss sb from sth
•Bryant was unfairly dismissed from his post. 布赖恩特被无理免职了。
dismiss sb for sth
•Employees can be dismissed for sending obscene emails. 员工发送淫秽电子邮件会遭到解雇。
3.formal to tell someone that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed
让…离开，解散
•The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say sack someone, and in everyday American English, people usually say fire someone, rather than use dismiss .
在日常英国英语中,说 “开除” 人们一般用 sack ,在日常美国英语中一般用 fire ,而不用 dismiss
•He was sacked (BrE【英】)/ fired (AmE【美】) for being late all the time. 他因一直迟到遭解雇。
