U10 Flashcards
(140 cards)
absorb
/əbˈsɔːb, əbˈzɔːb/
1.liquid/gas 液体/气体
to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something
吸收〔液体、气体或其他物质〕
•Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. 植物从土壤中吸收养分。
absorb sth into sth
•Water and salts are absorbed into our blood stream. 水分和盐被吸收进我们的血液中。
2.information 信息
to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it理解，吸收
•Her capacity to absorb information is amazing. 她吸收信息的能力令人称奇。
3.interest 兴趣
to interest someone so much that they do not pay attention to other things
吸引〔某人〕，使全神贯注
•The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely. 机器的运转和声响把他完全吸引住了。
be absorbed in sth
•Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book. 朱迪思躺在沙发椅上专心致志地看书。
AD
/ˌeɪ ˈdiː/ (Anno Domini) used to show that a date is a particular number of years after the birth of Christ公元 RELTD BC SYN CE •the first century AD 公元1世纪 •54 AD 公元54年
bakery
ˈbeɪkəri/ pl: bakeries also 又作 baker’s a place where bread and cakes are baked, or a shop where they are sold 面包[糕饼]烘房；面包[糕饼]店
band
/bænd/
1.[also + plural verb,亦用复数动词] a group of musicians, especially a group that plays popular music
〔尤指演奏流行音乐的〕乐队，乐团
→ big band → brass band → marching band → one-man band
•The band was playing old Beatles songs. 乐队正在演奏披头士的老歌。
•I grew up playing in rock bands. 我是在摇滚乐队里玩音乐长大的。
•Smith joined the band in 1989. 史密斯在1989年加入这个乐队。
•They formed a band when they were still at school. 他们还在读书的时候就组建了一个乐队。
The entertainment includes a disco and live band . 娱乐活动有跳迪斯科和乐队现场演奏。
•interviews with band members 对乐队成员的采访
2.a group of people formed because of a common belief or purpose
一伙，一群，一帮〔志趣相投的人〕
[+ of]
•a small band of volunteers 一小批志愿者
•bands of soldiers 一群群士兵
3.a range of numbers within a system
〔数目的〕范围，段
•Interest rates stayed within a relatively narrow band. 利率在一个相对较小的范围内波动。
•people within the $20,000–$30,000 income band 收入在两万至三万美元这个范围的人
age/tax/income etc band
band 2 v. [T usually passive 一般用被动态]
to put people or things into different groups, usually according to income, value, or price
〔通常按收入、价值或价格〕给…分级
•After valuation, properties will be banded in groups of £20,000 or more. 经过估价，房产将归在两万英镑或以上的组别里。
PHRVB 短语动词
band togetherphr v
if people band together, they unite in order to achieve something团结起来，联手
•Local people have banded together to fight the company’s plans. 当地民众联手抵制该公司的计划。
bay
/beɪ/
1.sea 大海
a part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land湾，海湾
•a house with a view across the bay 能看到海湾全景的一幢房子
•Montego Bay 蒙特哥湾
2.keep/hold sth at bay
to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening or from coming too close阻止某事发生；使某物不能接近
•A thick wall keeps the noise at bay. 一道厚实的墙挡住了声音。
3.area 地区
an area within a large room or just outside a building that is used for a particular purpose
〔大房间里面或建筑物外面的〕专用空间
•a storage bay 储藏室
•loading bay 装货区
bay 2 v. [I ]
1.if a dog bays, it makes a long high noise, especially when it is chasing something
〔尤指猎犬〕狂吠，长嚎
SYN howl
•dogs baying at the moon 对着月亮狂吠的狗
2.to make strong demands to get answers to questions or force someone to give you something
强烈要求
[+ for]
•Reporters began baying for the president’s blood (= demanding that he be punished ) . 记者开始大声疾呼，要求给予总统惩罚。
bay 3 adj.
a bay horse is reddish brown in colour
〔马〕红棕色的，栗色的
beetle
ˈbiːtl/
an insect with a round hard back that is usually black甲（壳）虫
→ see picture at 见 insect
beetle 2 v. [I always + adv/prep ]
informal
to go somewhere quickly and leaning forward急匆匆地走
SYN scurry 【英，非正式】
•
He went beetling off down the corridor. 他从走廊急匆匆地走掉了。
board
/bɔːd/
1.information 消息
[C] a flat wide piece of wood, plastic etc that you can use to show information
布告牌，公告牌
→ billboard → blackboard → noticeboard → scoreboard
•I’ll check the departure board for train times. 我去查一下开车时刻表，看看火车的时间。
on a board
•The plan of the new building is displayed on a board at the back of the room. 新大楼的设计图贴在房间后面的公告板上。
•I’ve put a list of names up on the board. 我在布告板上贴出了名单。
2.for putting things on 供放东西用
[C] a flat piece of wood, plastic, card etc that you use for a particular purpose such as cutting things on, or for playing indoor games
〔用于切割、玩室内游戏等的〕平板
→ breadboard → cheeseboard → chopping board
•Martha was chopping vegetables on a wooden board. 玛莎正在用一块木砧板切蔬菜。
•a chess board 棋盘
3.group of people 一群人
[C also + plural verb,亦用复数动词] a group of people in a company or other organization who make the rules and important decisions
理事会，委员会，董事会
•a board meeting 董事会会议
•a board member 董事会成员
[+ of]
•The Board of Directors met yesterday. 董事会昨天开了会。
•There was disagreement among the agency’s board of governors. 这个机构的理事会成员之间意见有分歧。
sit on a board/have a seat on a board (=be a member of a board)是董事会的成员
•
He gave up his seat on the board after 40 years. 他干满40年后退出了董事会。
显示更多
→ above board → diving board → drawing board → ironing board → sounding board → at 见 sweep →sweep the board at 见 sweep11
board 2 v.
1.[I,T] formal to get on a bus, plane, train etc in order to travel somewhere
登上〔公共汽车、飞机、火车等〕
•The couple boarded the train for New York. 夫妻俩登上了开往纽约的列车。
•Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to board. 乘客们站在码头上等待上船。
2.be boarding
if a plane or ship is boarding, passengers are getting onto it正在登机；正在上船
•Olympic Airways Flight 172 to Istanbul is now boarding at Gate No. 37. 奥林匹克航空公司前往伊斯坦布尔的172次航班正在37号登机口登机。
3.[I always + adv/prep] to stay in a room in someone’s house that you pay for
〔在某人家里〕寄宿
•Several students boarded with Mrs. Smith. 有几名学生寄宿在史密斯夫人家里。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say get on a bus, plane etc rather than board
在日常英语中，人们一般说get on a bus, plane等，而不说board
•When she heard the news, she got on the next plane for Chicago. 她听到消息后立即就赶了下一班飞机去了芝加哥。
PHRVB 短语动词
board sth ←→ outphr v
1.to pay money and arrange for an animal to stay somewhere寄养〔动物〕
board sth ←→ upphr v
1.to cover a window or door, or all the windows and doors of a building, with wooden boards用木板封住〔门窗〕
•The shop was boarded up. 这家商店用木板封起来了。
branch
/brɑːntʃ/
1.of a tree 树
a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk (= main stem ) and that has leaves, fruit, or smaller branches growing from it树枝
RELTD limb
→ see picture at 见 tree
•After the storm, the ground was littered with twigs and branches. 暴风雨过后，满地都是大大小小的树枝。
•The topmost branches were full of birds. 树梢上停满了鸟儿。
2.of a business/shop/company etc 企业/商店/公司等
a local business, shop etc that is part of a larger business etc分支，分部；分店；分行
•The bank has branches all over the country. 这家银行在全国各地都有分行。
•a branch office in Boston 在波士顿的分公司
•She now works in our Denver branch. 现在她在我们的丹佛分部工作。
•Where’s their nearest branch? 他们最近的分店在哪里？
•They’re planning to open a branch in St. Louis next year. 他们计划明年在圣路易斯开一家分店。
•Have you met our branch manager , Mr. Carlson? 你有没有见过我们的分公司经理卡尔森先生？
3.of government 政府
a part of a government or other organization that deals with one particular part of its work
〔政府或机构的〕部门
RELTD department
•All branches of government are having to cut costs. 所有政府部门都必须削减开支。
the executive/judicial/legislative branch (=the three main parts of the US government)行政/司法/立法部门
branch 2 v. [I ]
to divide into two or more smaller, narrower, or less important parts分支；分岔
RELTD fork
•When you reach the village green, the street branches into two . 到了村中心的公共草地，这条街就分岔成两条路。
PHRVB 短语动词
branch offphr v
1.if a road, passage,railway etc branches off from another road etc, it separates from it and goes in a different direction
〔道路、铁路等〕分岔，分支
•a passage branching off from the main tunnel从主隧道岔开的通道
2.to leave a main road
离开主路[干线]，走入岔道
•We branched off from the main road and turned down a country lane.我们离开干道，转入一条乡村小路。
3.to start talking about something different from what you were talking about before
岔开〔话题〕
•Then the conversation branched off into a discussion about movies.接着谈话转入对电影的讨论。
branch outphr v
1.to start doing something different from the work or activities that you normally do
扩大〔工作、活动〕范围，开辟新的领域
•Don’t be afraid to branch out and try something new. 不要害怕另辟蹊径，尝试新的东西。
branch out into (doing) sth
•Profits were falling until the bookstore branched out into selling CDs.书店扩大经营范围出售光盘之前，利润一直在下降。
branch out
v. 长出枝条；扩展范围；偏离主题
clatter
/’klætə/
1.[I, T] if heavy hard objects clatter, or if you clatter them, they make a loud unpleasant noise（使）发出撞击声
•The tray slipped and clattered to the floor. 盘子滑落下来，啪啦一声掉在地上。
2.[I always + adv/prep] to move quickly and noisily急速而发出响声地移动
•children clattering up and down the stairs 在楼梯上啪嗒啪嗒地走上走下的孩子
DERIVATIVE 派生词
clatter n [singular, U]
•the clatter of dishes 盘碟相碰的当啷声
cloudburst
/’klaʊdbɜːst/
a sudden short rainstorm
骤雨，〔一阵的〕暴雨
cluster
/’klʌstə/
1.a group of things of the same kind that are very close together串，束，簇；群，组
THESAURUS group
•a diamond cluster ring 群镶钻戒
[+ of]
•a cluster of low farm buildings 一片低矮的农舍
•a cluster of red berries 一簇红莓
2.a group of people all in the same place
〔聚集在同一地方的〕一群人
[+ of]•
A cluster of children stood around the ice cream van. 一群小孩簇拥在冰激凌车周围。
3.technical a group of sectors on one or more computer disks
〔计算机磁盘上的〕丛集，群集，集群
cluster 2 v. [I,T always + adv/prep ]
if a group of people or things cluster somewhere, or are clustered somewhere, they form a small group in that place
聚集，集居
[+ around/together etc]
•Reporters clustered around the palace gates for news. 记者们聚集在皇宫门口等着抢新闻。
•Industries in Britain tend to be clustered together. 英国的各种制造业往往会集中到一个地方。
collapse
/kə’læps/
1.STRUCTURE 结构
[I] if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged倒坍；塌下
THESAURUS fall
•Uncle Ted’s chair collapsed under his weight. 椅子承受不了特德叔叔的重量，塌架了。
•The roof had collapsed long ago. 屋顶早就塌了。
2.ILLNESS/INJURY 病/伤
[I] to suddenly fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak
〔因病或虚弱〕突然倒下[昏倒]
•He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 他跳舞时因心脏病突发晕倒了。
•Marion’s legs collapsed under her. 玛丽昂恩两腿一软倒了下去。
3.FAIL 失败
[I] if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue
〔系统、观点、组织〕突然失败，垮掉，崩溃，瓦解
•The luxury car market has collapsed. 豪华汽车市场瘫痪了。
•I thought that without me the whole project would collapse. 我想没有我的话，整个项目就会失败。
1.
BUSINESS/SYSTEM/IDEA ETC 业务/系统/想法等
[singular, U,单数] a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue
突然失败；突然瓦解
•the threat of economic collapse 经济瘫痪的威胁
•His business was in danger of collapse . 他的公司有倒闭的危险。
[+ of]
•
the collapse of the Soviet Union 苏联的突然解体
2.BUILDING/STRUCTURE/FURNITURE ETC 建筑物/结构/家具等
[U] when something suddenly falls down
突然倒塌
•the collapse of an apartment building during the earthquake 地震时一幢公寓楼的倒塌
•The ancient abbey was in imminent danger of collapse. 这座古老的修道院摇摇欲坠。
3.ILLNESS/INJURY 病/伤
[singular, U,单数] when someone suddenly falls down or becomes unconscious because of an illness or injury
〔因疾病或受伤而导致突然的〕昏倒，昏迷
•The President said he was fine after his collapse yesterday. 总统昨天突然昏倒，后来他说没事了。
•
She suffered a collapse under anaesthetic. 她麻醉后昏迷不醒。
column
/’kɒləm/
1.a tall solid upright stone post used to support a building or as a decoration
支柱，柱，圆柱
2.a line of numbers or words written under each other that goes down a page
〔数字或单词的〕列
RELTD row
in a column
•Add up the numbers in each column. 将每一列中的数字相加。
[+ of]
•a column of figures 一列数字
3.an article on a particular subject or by a particular writer that appears regularly in a newspaper or magazine
〔报纸或杂志的〕专栏（文章）
•He writes a weekly column for ‘The Times’. 他每周为《泰晤士报》写一篇专栏文章。
music/science/gardening etc column 音乐/科学/园艺等专栏
cram
/kræm/
pp: crammed pt: crammed pres part: cramming
1.[T always + adv/prep] to force something into a small space把…塞入〔小空间〕，硬塞
THESAURUS fill
→ see picture at 见 fill 1
cram sth into/onto etc sth
•Jill crammed her clothes into the bag. 吉尔把自己的衣服塞进袋子里。
•A lot of information has been crammed into this book. 这本书包含大量的信息。
2.[I always + adv/prep] if a lot of people cram into a place or vehicle, they go into it so it is then full
〔人〕挤进，挤满
[+ in/into]
•We all crammed in and Pete started the car. 我们都挤进去后皮特发动了汽车。
•36,000 spectators crammed into the stadium to see the game. 36,000名观众涌进体育场观看这场比赛。
3.[T] if a lot of people cram a place, they fill it〔人〕挤进，挤满
•Thousands of people crammed the mall Sunday. 星期天成千上万的人挤进了这家大型购物中心。
PHRVB 短语动词
cram sth ←→ inphr v
to do a lot of activities in a short period of time〔在短时间内〕做很多事
•We crammed in as much sightseeing as possible during our stay in New York. 我们在纽约的时候尽量安排了很多游览活动。
crater
/'kreɪtə/ 1.a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion〔物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的〕坑 THESAURUS hole •craters on the moon’s surface 月球表面的坑 2.the round open top of a volcano火山口 → see picture at 见 volcano
crouch
/kraʊtʃ/
1.to lower your body close to the ground by bending your knees completely蹲下；蹲伏
RELTD squat
•He crouched in the shadows near the doorway. 他蹲在门道近旁的阴暗处。
•Paula crouched down and held her hands out to the fire. 葆拉蹲下来，把手伸向火堆。
2.to bend over something so that you are very near to it俯身接近
RELTD lean
[+ over]
•a young girl crouched over a book 俯身看书的女孩
DERIVATIVE 派生词
crouch n [C]
•She dropped to the ground in a crouch. 她俯身蹲了下来。
descend
/dɪ’send/
1.[I,T] formal to move from a higher level to a lower one下来，下降
RELTD descent
OPP ascend
•Our plane started to descend. 我们的飞机开始下降。
•I heard his footsteps descending the stairs. 我听到他下楼的脚步声。
[+ to/from/into etc]
•The path continues for some way before descending to Garsdale Head. 小径延伸了一段距离后，向下通往加斯代尔角。
2.[I] literary if darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially suddenly
〔黑暗、寂静等突然〕降临；〔感情等突然〕袭来，来临
[+ on/upon/over]
•Total silence descended on the room. 房间里突然一片寂静。
•An air of gloom descended over the party headquarters. 一片阴郁的气氛笼罩着该党总部。
3.in descending order (of sth)
numbers, choices etc that are in descending order are arranged from the highest or most important to the lowest or least important
按（某事物的）降序排列〔按照从高到低或从重要到次要的顺序排列〕
•The hotels are listed in descending order of price. 这些宾馆按价格从高到低列出。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say go down or come down rather than descend .
在日常英语中,人们一般说 go down 或 come down ,而不说 descend
•They went down into the lobby. 他们下楼进了大厅。
•I heard his footsteps coming down the stairs. 我听到他下楼的脚步声。
PHRVB 短语动词
descend from sb/sthphr v
1.be descended from sb to be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago
为某人的后裔
•She claims to be descended from Abraham Lincoln. 她声称自己是亚伯拉罕·林肯的后代。
The people here are descended from the Vikings. 这里的人是维京人的后裔。
2.to have developed from something that existed in the past
从〔过去的东西〕发展而来[传下来]
•ideas that descend from those of ancient philosophers 传承自古代哲学家的观点
descend on/upon sb/sthphr v
1.if a large number of people descend on a person or a place, they come to visit or stay, especially when they are not very welcome
〔许多人〕突然造访〔尤指不太受欢迎的情况下〕
•Millions of tourists descend on the area every year. 每年有数百万游客来到这个地区。
descend to sthphr v
1.to behave or speak in an unpleasant way, which is not the way you usually behave
自降身份到…，下作到…
•Surely he wouldn’t descend to such a mean trick? 想必他不会无耻到使用这种卑劣的诡计吧？
descend to sb’s level
•Other people may gossip, but don’t descend to their level.降低到某人的层次,别人可能会说闲话，别跟他们学。
doom
/duːm/
[T usually passive,一般用被动态] to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc注定〔失败、死亡、毁灭等〕
•The plan was doomed from the start . 这个计划一开始就注定要失败。
be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc
•Many species are doomed to extinction. 许多物种注定要灭绝。
be doomed to do sth
•We are all doomed to die in the end. 我们最终都是注定要死的。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
doomed adj
•passengers on the doomed flight 在这趟劫数难逃的航班上的乘客
doom 2 n. [U ]
something very bad that is going to happen, or the fact that it is going to happen〔不可避免的〕厄运，劫数
•A sense of impending doom (= coming very soon ) gripped her. 她心头被一种大难临头的感觉所笼罩。
•Thousands of soldiers met their doom (= died ) on this very field. 数千名士兵就是在这个战场上丧生的。
sense/feeling of doom
spell doom for sth (=mean that something will be unable to continue or survive)某事物意味着毁灭
•The recession spelled doom for many small businesses. 这次经济衰退给许多小公司带来了厄运。
doom and gloom/gloom and doom (=when there seems to be no hope for the future)无望，悲观失望
•Despite these poor figures,it’s not all doom and gloom. 尽管这些数字很糟糕，但还不至于说一点希望也没有。
drift
/drɪft/
1.MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
to move slowly on water or in the air漂流；飘移
•Smoke drifted up from the jungle ahead of us. 我们前方的丛林里有烟升起。
[+ out/towards etc]
•The rubber raft drifted out to sea. 橡皮筏子漂向大海。
2.WITHOUT PLAN 无计划的
to move, change, or do something without any plan or purpose
随意移动，漂泊；摇摆不定；漫无目的地行动
[+ around/along etc]
•Jenni spent the year drifting around Europe. 珍妮这一年来一直在欧洲各地漂泊。
[+ into]
•I just drifted into teaching, really. 我只是碰巧入了教书这一行，不骗你。
[+ away]
•The others drifted away. Melanie stayed. 其他人都散去了，唯有梅拉妮留了下来。
drift from sth to sth
•The conversation drifted from one topic to another. 话题从一个跳到另一个。
let your gaze/eyes/thoughts/mind etc drift
•Idly she let her eyes drift over his desk. 她的目光百无聊赖地在他的书桌上游移。
3.CHANGE 改变
to gradually change from being in one condition, situation etc into another without realizing it
不知不觉地转变，无意间变成〔另一种状况〕
•He drifted in and out of consciousness . 他的神志时而清醒，时而迷糊。
[+ into]
•She was just drifting into sleep when the alarm went off. 她迷迷糊糊刚睡着，突然响起了警报。
PHRVB 短语动词
drift apartphr v
1.if people drift apart, their relationship gradually end〔关系〕逐渐疏远
•Over the years my college friends and I have drifted apart. 久而久之，我和大学时期的朋友们逐渐疏远了。
drift offphr v
1.to gradually fall asleep
慢慢入睡
•I was just drifting off when the phone rang. 我迷迷糊糊地刚要入睡，电话铃响了。
•He felt himself drifting off to sleep . 他感觉自己迷迷糊糊地睡着了。
drift 2 n.
1.SNOW/SAND 雪/沙
[C] a large pile of snow or sand that has been blown by the wind
〔风吹积成的〕雪堆，沙堆
•a snow drift 雪堆
[+ of]
•The road is blocked with massive drifts of snow. 大堆大堆的积雪把路堵死了。
2.CHANGE 变化
[singular,单数] a slow change or development from one situation, opinion etc to another〔情形、意见等的〕渐变，趋势
[+ towards/to]
•a drift towards longer working hours 工作时间不知不觉的变长
3.MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE 人口流动
[singular, U,单数] a slow movement of large numbers of people that has not been planned〔大量人口缓慢、无计划的〕流动
[+ from/to/into]
•the drift from the countryside to the cities 大量人口从乡村往城市的流动
erupt
/ɪ’rʌpt/
1.if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly〔搏斗、暴力事件、噪音等〕突然发生；爆发
SYN break out
•Violence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration. 警察向示威人群中的一名学生开枪，暴乱随之发生。
•A political row erupted over the MP’s comments. 这名下院议员的评论引发了一场政治论战。
2.if a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire, and rock into the sky
〔火山〕爆发，喷发
THESAURUS explode
3.if a place or situation erupts, there is a sudden increase in activity or emotion
〔活动〕爆发；〔情绪〕迸发
[+ into]
•They were angry to the point of erupting into riot. 他们气得几乎要闹事了。
•Their conversations often erupted into squabbles. 他们谈话时经常会突然争吵起来。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
eruption n /ɪˋrʌpʃən ; ɪ’rʌpʃən / [C,U]
•a volcanic eruption 火山爆发
•the eruption of violence 发生暴力事件
explosion
/ɪk’spləʊʒən/
1.[C] a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces爆炸(声)
RELTD explode
•We heard a loud explosion. 我们听到一声巨大的爆炸声。
bomb/gas/nuclear explosion 炸弹/气体/核爆炸
•Several people were injured in a bomb explosion. 有数人在炸弹爆炸中受伤。
huge/massive etc explosion
•A massive explosion ripped through the building. 强烈的爆炸严重损毁了大楼。
2.[C,U] a process in which something such as a bomb is deliberately made to explode
引爆
•Police carried out a controlled explosion of the device. 警察对炸弹进行了控制引爆。
3.[C] a sudden or quick increase in the number or amount of something
激增，急剧膨胀
•the population explosion in India 印度人口的激增
[+ of]
•the recent explosion of interest in Latin music and dance 最近对拉丁音乐和舞蹈的兴趣陡增
harbor
/’hɑrbɚ/
vt. 庇护；怀有n. 海港；避难所
vi. 居住，生存；入港停泊；躲藏
hoof
/huːf/ pl: hoofs hooves 1.[C] the hard foot of an animal such as a horse, cow etc蹄 → see pictures at 见 horse1, moose 2.on the hoof if you do something on the hoof, you do it quickly while doing something else at the same time顺便，顺带着〔做某件事情〕 hoof 2 v. hoof it informal to run or walk quickly跑；快步走
