U4 Flashcards
(106 cards)
account
/əˈkaʊnt/
1.description 描述
a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process
叙述，描写，报道
•Chomsky’s account of how children learn their first language 乔姆斯基关于儿童如何学习第一语言的描述
[+ of]
•He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened. 他因受惊过度而无法描述所发生的事情。
blow-by-blow account (=a description of all the details of an event in the order that they happened)一五一十的叙述
•a blow-by-blow account of how England lost to Portugal 英格兰队如何负于葡萄牙队的详细报道
eye-witness/first-hand account (=a description of events by someone who saw them)目击者的/第一手的描述
•Eye-witness accounts told of the unprovoked shooting of civilians. 目击者讲到平民无故被枪击。
•This gives a first-hand account of the war. 这是关于这场战争的第一手报道。
2.at a bank 在银行
an arrangement in which a bank keeps your money safe so that you can pay more in or take money out
账户
→ bank account → checking account → current account → deposit account → profit and loss account → savings account
•My salary is paid into my bank account. 我的工资直接存入我的银行账户。
•I’ve opened an account with Barclay’s Bank. 我在巴克莱银行开了一个账户。
•My husband and I have a joint account (= one that is shared between two people ) . 我和丈夫有个联名账户。
3.take account of sth
to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about something
考虑到某事，把某事考虑进去
•These figures do not take account of changes in the rate of inflation. 这些数字没有把通货膨胀率的变化考虑进去。
account 2 v. S3 W2
PHRVB 短语动词
account for sthphr v
to form a particular amount or part of something
占〔一定数量或比例〕
•Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population. 非裔美国人占美国人口的12%。
to be the reason why something happens
是…的原因
•Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. 他的行为也许是最近的工作压力导致的。
to give a satisfactory explanation of why something has happened or why you did something
解释，说明
•Can you account for your movements on that night? 你能说明一下你那天晚上的行踪吗？
to say where all the members of a group of people or things are, especially because you are worried that some of them may be lost
说明…在何处
•Three days after the earthquake, more than 150 people had still to be accounted for. 地震发生3天后，仍有150多人下落不明。
acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
1.admit 承认
to admit or accept that something is true or that a situation exists
承认〔某事属实或某情况存在〕
THESAURUS admit
•The family acknowledge the need for change. 全家人都承认需要改变一下。
•Claire acknowledged that she was guilty. 克莱尔承认有罪。
•The government must acknowledge what is happening and do something about it. 对于目前的情况，政府必须承认其存在并对此采取措施。
•‘Maybe you are right,’ she acknowledged. “也许你是对的。”她承认道。
•This is a fact that most smokers readily acknowledge . 这是大多数烟民都愿意承认的事实。
acknowledge that
•He acknowledges that when he’s tired he gets bad-tempered. 他承认自己累了就会发脾气。
2.recognize sth’s importance 承认某事物的重要性
[usually passive,一般用被动态] if people acknowledge something, they recognize how good or important it is
承认〔某事物优秀或重要〕
acknowledge sth as sth
•The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance. 这个电影节被认为是国际盛事。
be widely/generally acknowledged to be sth
•The mill produces what is widely acknowledged to be the finest wool in the world. 那家工厂生产的毛料被公认是全世界最好的。
3.accept sb’s authority 承认某人的权威
to accept that someone or something has authority over people
承认〔权威〕
•Both defendants refused to acknowledge the authority of the court. 两名被告都拒绝承认法庭的权威性。
acknowledge sb as sth
•Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader. 许多穷苦人都把他视为他们的精神领袖。
admirable
/ˈædm ə rəb ə l/ formal having many good qualities that you respect and admire 令人钦佩的；极其出色的 •an admirable achievement 令人钦佩的成就 DERIVATIVE 派生词 admirably adv
aesthetic
/iːsˈθetɪk, es-/
connected with beauty and the study of beauty
美学的
•From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design. 从美学角度看，这是个不错的设计。
•a work of great aesthetic appeal 极富美之神韵的作品
DERIVATIVE 派生词
aesthetically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
•aesthetically pleasing 赏心悦目的
aesthetic 2 n.
formal 【正式】
1.aesthetics
[U] the study of beauty, especially beauty in art
美学
2.[C] a set of principles about beauty or art
美学原则[理论]
•a new aesthetic 新的美学标准
anonymity
/ˌænəˈnɪmɪti, ˌænəˈnɪməti/
when other people do not know who you are or what your name is匿名，不公开姓名
•Every step will be taken to preserve your anonymity. 将采取各种措施确保你的姓名保密。
•One official, who spoke on condition of anonymity (= he would only speak if his name was not told ) , said the White House took the threat very seriously. 一位不愿公开姓名的官员称，白宫非常重视这一威胁。
•the anonymity of city streets (= you do not know anyone, and no one knows you ) 城市街头人人互不相识
balding
/ˈbɔːldɪŋ/ a balding man is losing the hair on his head 渐渐变秃的 •a balding man in his mid-thirties 一个开始谢顶的三十五六岁的男人 bald adj. 秃顶的；光秃的；单调的；无装饰的 vi. 变秃 n. (Bald)人名；(英)鲍尔德；(德、法、波)巴尔德 [网络] 秃头；无毛的
behave
/bɪˈheɪv/
MEANINGS 义项
1.[always + adv/prep] to do things that are good, bad, sensible etc表现
SYN act
•She behaved in a very responsible way . 她表现得很有责任心。
[+ towards]
•I think he behaved disgracefully towards you. 我觉得他对你太不像话了。
[+ like]
•grown men behaving like schoolboys 表现得像小学生一样的成年男子
behave as if/though
•He was a little boy, but he behaved as if he was an adult. 他是个小男孩，可表现得跟大人一样。
2.to not do things that annoy or offend people
举止规矩有礼；检点
OPP misbehave
•Will you children please behave! 你们这些孩子能不能规矩一点！
•I hope Nicholas behaved himself at the party. 我希望尼古拉斯在聚会上规矩一点。
well-behaved/badly-behaved
•a badly-behaved class 不守规矩的班级
3.[always + adv/prep] if something behaves in a particular way, it does those things
作出反应，发生作用
•Quantum mechanics is the study of the way atoms behave. 量子力学是研究原子运动的学科。
behavior
n. 行为，举止；态度；反应
belt
/belt/
1.a band of leather, cloth etc that you wear around your waist to hold up your clothes or for decoration腰带；皮带
•He unbuckled his leather belt. 他解开皮带。
2.a large area of land that has particular features or where particular people live
〔具有某种特色或某类人居住的〕地区，地带
→ green belt
•America’s farming belt 美国农业区
•the green (= countryside ) belt BrE 【英】绿化地带
3.a circular band of something such as rubber that connects or moves parts of a machine传动带；输送带
→ conveyor belt → fan belt
→ black belt → garter belt → safety belt → seat belt → suspender belt → at 见 tighten →tighten your belt at 见 tighten6
belt 2 v.
1.hit 击打
[T] informal to hit someone or something hard
重击，狠揍
•Dan belted the ball towards the goal. 丹猛的一脚把球踢向球门。
2.go quickly 快速行走
[I always + adv/prep] spoken to go somewhere very fast
快速行进
SYN charge BrE 【英，口】
[+ down/along etc]
•We were belting down the motorway at 95 miles per hour. 我们以每小时95英里的速度在高速公路上疾驶。
3.fasten 系
[T] to fasten something with a belt
〔用皮带〕系，束
•Maria belted her raincoat firmly. 玛丽亚把雨衣系紧。
•a dress belted loosely at the waist 裙腰处松松地系着带子的连衣裙
PHRVB 短语动词
belt sth ←→ outphr v
1.to sing a song or play an instrument loudly
引吭高歌；高声演奏〔乐器〕
•She was belting out old Broadway favourites. 她在高唱百老汇的经典老歌。
belt upphr vBrE
1.used to tell someone rudely to be quiet
住口，闭嘴
2.to fasten your seat belt in a vehicle
系好安全带
blast
/blɑːst/
MEANINGS 义项
1.air/wind 空气/风
a sudden strong movement of wind or air
一阵疾风；一股气流
[+ of]
•A blast of cold air swept through the hut. 一股寒气冲进小屋。
2.explosion 爆炸
an explosion, or the very strong movement of air that it causes爆炸；〔爆炸引起的〕气浪，冲击波
in the blast
•Thirty-six people died in the blast. 有36人在爆炸中丧生。
bomb/shotgun/nuclear etc blast
•A bomb blast completely destroyed the building. 一颗炸弹爆炸，把大楼彻底炸毁。
3.loud noise 很响的声音
a sudden very loud noise, especially one made by a whistle or horn
〔尤指哨子或喇叭发出的〕响亮的声音
[+ on]
•The station master gave a blast on his whistle and we were off. 站长一声哨响，我们出发了。
long/short blast
•a long trumpet blast 一声悠长的号声
blast 2 v.
英
1.gun/bomb 枪炮/炸弹
[T] to damage or destroy something, or to injure or kill someone, using a gun or a bomb
炸毁，炸伤，炸死；开枪打伤[打死]
•The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the far wall. 第一枪没有打中，在远处墙上射出一个洞。
•The plane was blasted out of the sky by a terrorist bomb. 飞机在空中被恐怖分子放置的炸弹炸成了碎片。
blast sb with sth
•She blasted her husband with a shotgun because he was having an affair. 丈夫有外遇，她就拿一把猎枪把他杀了。
2.break sth into pieces 把某物炸碎
[I,T] to break something into pieces using explosives, especially in order to build something such as a road
爆破，〔尤指为了筑路等〕炸开
blast sth through sth
•A 1.5 km tunnel was blasted through the mountain. 一条 1.5 公里长的隧道被炸了出来，穿山而过。
blast sth out of sth
•The road will have to be blasted out of solid rock. 修这条路必须要炸开坚固的岩石。
[+ through]
•Railway workers had blasted through the mountains 90 years before. 铁路工人早在90年前就已经把那些山炸穿打通了。
3.loud noise 很响的声音
[I,T] to produce a lot of loud noise, especially music
大声发出（声音）〔尤指音乐声〕
•He was woken by the radio alarm clock blasting out rock music. 收音机闹钟发出震耳的摇滚乐声，把他吵醒了。
[+ from]
•Dance music blasted from the stereo. 立体声音响大声播放着舞曲。
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PHRVB 短语动词
blast offphr v
if a spacecraft blasts off, it leaves the ground
〔航天器〕离地升空，发射
blast 3 interjection.
英
also 又作 ˌblast her/it etc
MEANINGS 义项
used when you are very annoyed about something
真讨厌，真该死 〔表示厌烦〕
•Oh blast! I’ve forgotten my key. 真讨厌！ 我忘了带钥匙。
budget
/ˈbʌdʒɪt, ˈbʌdʒət/
MEANINGS 义项
1.the money that is available to an organization or person, or a plan of how it will be spent
预算
•We had a really tight budget . 我们的预算很紧。
[+ of]
•a welfare program with a budget of $2 million 预算为200万美元的福利计划
[+ for]
•The budget for photography has been cut. 摄影方面的预算被削减了。
on/within budget (=not using more money than planned)在预算内
•The project was completed within budget. 这一项目在预算内完成。
under budget (=using less money than planned)低于预算
•If you come in under budget, everyone will be very impressed. 如果没有超出预算，大家都会很佩服你。
over budget (=using more money than planned)超出预算
•Feature movies always run over budget. 拍故事片总是超支。
2.on a budget
if you are on a budget, you do not have much money to spend钱不多的，控制预算的
•Travellers on a budget might prefer to camp. 钱不多的旅游者可能更喜欢野营。
•a book which offers great ideas for decorating on a budget 为经济型装修支妙招的一本书
•families on a tight budget 经济拮据的家庭
3.an official statement that a government makes about
how much it intends to spend and what taxes will be necessary〔政府的〕预算案
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.adjectives/noun 形容词/名词 + budget
an annual/monthly/weekly budget 年度/月度/周预算
•The organization has an annual budget of $24 million. 该机构的年度预算为2,400万美元。
the national/federal/state budget 国家/联邦/州预算
•He has a plan to balance the federal budget. 他有一个平衡联邦预算的计划。
the defence/education etc budget 国防/教育等预算
•We had to make cuts in the defence budget. 我们必须削减国防预算。
the family/household budget 家庭预算
•Often the husband and wife contribute equally to the family budget. 通常夫妇俩会平均分担家庭预算。
a big/large budget 庞大的预算
•The club does not have a large budget for new players. 这家俱乐部没有大笔预算来引进新球员。
a small/low/limited budget 小额的/低的/有限的预算
•It was a project with a low budget. 这一项目的预算很少。
a tight budget(=small and limited) 紧缩的预算
a fixed budget 固定的预算
2.verbs 动词
have a budget 有预算
•Hospital caterers have a budget of about £20 per person per week. 医院饮食供应商的预算是每人每周20英镑。
overspend your budget 超出预算
•The Metropolitan Police has overspent its budget by £70 million. 伦敦警察厅超出预算达7,000万英镑。
keep within a budget(=spend only the money that is available) 控制在预算内
balance the budget(=spend only the money that is available) 平衡预算
3.budget + noun 名词
a budget deficit(=when a government has spent more money than it has) 预算赤字
•The country has a budget deficit of over $4 billion. 该国预算赤字逾40亿美元。
a budget surplus(=when a government has more money than it spends) 预算盈余
•A huge budget surplus of over £16 billion was recorded. 记录中有逾160亿英镑的巨额预算盈余。
budget cuts(=reductions in the amount of money that is available) 预算削减
budget 2 v. [I,T ]
1.to carefully plan and control how much money you spend and what you will buy with it
编制预算；把…编入预算；按计划花钱
•We’ll have to budget more carefully. 我们必须更仔细地安排开支。
•This scheme enables you to budget the cost through fixed monthly payments. 这个计划可以让你把费用分摊在每个月里等额偿还。
[+ for]
•We’ve budgeted for a new car next year. 我们已经把明年要买新车纳入预算。
2.if you budget something such as time, you decide how much of it you will need
（为…）作出安排
DERIVATIVE 派生词
budgeting n [U]
budget 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
1.very low in price – often used in advertisements
经济的，特价的，便宜的〔常用于广告中〕
SYN cheap
THESAURUS cheap
•budget flights 低价航班
2.low-budget/big-budget
used for saying how much money has been spent on doing something, especially making a film
〔尤指拍摄电影〕低预算/高预算的
•low-budget movies 低预算电影
casualty
/’kæʒuəlti/
pl: casualties
1.[C] someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or war
〔事故或战争中的〕伤者，死者
•Our aim is to reduce road casualties . 我们的目标是减少交通事故的伤亡人数。
civilian casualties (=people who are not soldiers who are injured or killed)平民伤亡人数
cause/inflict casualties
•The rebels have inflicted heavy casualties . 叛乱者造成了大量的伤亡。
2.[singular,单数] someone or something that suffers as a result of a particular event or situation
〔某事件或情况造成的〕受害者；牺牲品
[+ of]
•The Safer City Project is the latest casualty of financial cutbacks. 城市安全工程成了财政削减的最新牺牲品。
3.[U] the part of a hospital that people are taken to when they are hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill
急救室，急诊室
SYN Emergency Room BrE,AmE 【英】,【美】
in casualty
•Jean ended up in casualty last night. 结果昨天晚上琼被送进了急诊室。
challenge
/’tʃælɪndʒ,’tʃæləndʒ/
1.STH DIFFICULT 困难的事
[C,U] something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is interesting
挑战，具有挑战性的事物
[+ of]
•The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years. 公司已准备好迎接今后几年的挑战。
the challenge of doing sth
•I relish the challenge of rebuilding the club. 我从重建俱乐部的挑战中获得乐趣。
face/take on/accept etc a challenge (=be ready to deal with one)面对/接受等挑战
•Martins now facesthe biggest challenge of his career. 马丁斯现在面临他事业上最大的挑战。
meet a challenge/rise to a challenge (=successfully deal with one)迎接挑战
•a new and vibrant initiative to meet the challenge of the 21st century 一项迎接21世纪挑战的令人兴奋的新举措
intellectual/physical challenge
•the intellectual challenge of postgraduate research 研究生研究工作在智力上的挑战
2.QUESTION STH 质疑某事
[C] when someone refuses to accept that someone or something is right and legal
〔对某人或某事的正确性、合法性等的〕质疑
[+ to]
•a direct challenge to the Governor’s authority 对总督权威的直接质疑
[+ from]
•The President faces a strong challenge from nationalists. 总统面临民族主义者的强烈质疑。
pose/represent/present a challenge (to sb)
•The strike represented a serious challenge to the government. 此次罢工是对政府的严峻挑战。
mount/launch a challenge
•They decided to mount a legal challenge to the decision. 他们决定对这项判决提出上诉。
3.COMPETITION 竞争
[C] when someone tries to win something or invites someone to try to beat them in a fight, competition etc
挑战，〔比赛等的〕提议，邀请
•They threw down the challenge that he couldn’t wash 40 cars in one hour (= invited him to try to do it ) . 他们激将他，说他不可能在1小时内擦洗40辆汽车。
•The Prime Minister narrowly avoided a leadership challenge last year. 去年首相侥幸避过了一次对他领导地位的挑战。
[+ for]
•They are ready to mount a challenge for the championship. 他们准备发起挑战争夺冠军。
challenge 2 v. [T ] AC S3 W3
1.QUESTION STH 质疑某事
to refuse to accept that something is right, fair, or legal
质疑〔某事物的正确性、合法性等〕，对…表示怀疑
•a boy with a reputation for challenging the authority of his teachers 一个以挑战老师权威而出名的男孩
•They went to the High Court to challenge the decision . 他们就这项判决向高等法院提出上诉。
challenge a view/an idea/an assumption etc
•Viewpoints such as these are strongly challenged by environmentalists. 类似这样的观点遭到环境保护主义者的强烈质疑。
challenge sb to do sth
•I challenge Dr. Carver to deny his involvement! 我看卡弗医生敢不敢否认此事与他有关！
2.COMPETITION 竞争
to invite someone to compete or fight against you, or to try to win something向…挑战；邀请〔某人〕比赛
RELTD challenger dare
challenge sb to sth
•After lunch, Carey challenged me to a game of tennis. 午饭后，凯里邀请我和他比一场网球。
[+ for]
•Liverpool are challenging for the title (= in a position where they could win ) . 利物浦队要挑战冠军。
3.STH DIFFICULT 困难的事
to test the skills or abilities of someone or something
考验…的技术[能力]；激发；激励
SYN stimulate
•I’m really at my best when I’m challenged. 我遇到挑战时状态最好。
challenge sb to do sth
•Every teacher ought to be challenging kids to think about current issues. 每一位老师都应激励学生思考当前的问题。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
challenger n [C]
•Lewis is his main challenger for the world title. 刘易斯是他争夺世界冠军头衔的最大挑战者。
chaotic
/keɪ’ɒtɪk/
a chaotic situation is one in which everything is happening in a confused way
混乱的，毫无秩序的
•a chaotic mixture of images 杂乱无章的各种图像
chunk
/tʃʌŋk/
1.a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape厚块，大块
THESAURUS piece
→ see picture at 见 piece 1
•ice chunks 大冰块
[+ of]
•a chunk of bread 一大块面包
2.a large part or amount of something大量；大部分
•The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary. 房租占去我月薪的一大部分。
[+ of]
•A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show. 演出还没结束，一大批观众就起身离场了。
3.a chunk of change
informal a large amount of money一大笔钱
•Lurie risked a pretty big chunk of change on the race. 卢里在这次赛马上冒险押了一大笔注。
clash
/klæʃ/ n. 冲突，不协调；碰撞声，铿锵声
vi. 冲突，抵触；砰地相碰撞，发出铿锵声
vt. 使碰撞作声
[网络] 冲突；撞击；冲撞
[专业] 冲突 [法学]；冲突 [文学]；碰撞 [艺术学]
1.[I] if two armies, groups etc clash, they start fighting – used in news reports（发生）冲突〔用于新闻报道〕
•Troops clashed near the border. 军队在边境附近发生了冲突。
[+ with]
•Police have clashed with demonstrators again today. 今天警方和游行示威者再次发生冲突。
2.[I] if two people or groups clash, they argue because they have very different beliefs and opinions – used in news reports
争论，争执〔用于新闻报道〕
[+ with]
•Democrats clashed with Republicans in a heated debate. 民主党和共和党在一场激烈的辩论中针锋相对。
[+ over/on]
•The two men have clashed over the report’s conclusions. 这两个人为报告的结论发生了争执。
3.[I] if two colours or designs clash, they look very bad together〔颜色、花样〕不相配，不协调
[+ with]
•I can’t wear red - it clashes with my hair. 我不能穿红的，红色和我的头发不配。
clash 2 n. [C ]
1.a short fight between two armies or groups – used in news reports冲突，打斗〔用于新闻报道〕
armed clashes
•along the border 边境武装冲突
[+ between/with]
•violent clashes between police and demonstrators 警方和示威者之间的暴力冲突
2.an argument between two people or groups because they have very different beliefs or opinions – used in news reports争论，交锋〔用于新闻报道〕
[+ between/with]
•The plans put oil companies in a head-on clash with environmentalists. 这些计划使石油公司和环境保护主义者正面交锋。
personality/culture clash (=a situation in which two people or groups do not like each other)个性/文化冲突
3a sports match between two teams, players etc that is expected to be very exciting – used in sports reports〔体育比赛两队、两名选手等之间精彩激烈的〕交锋，交手，对阵〔用于体育报道〕
•The heavyweight clash goes ahead in Las Vegas on 8 May. 这次重量级拳击对战将于 5 月 8 日在拉斯维加斯举行。
collision
/kə’lɪʒ ə n/
1.an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions碰撞[相撞]事故
RELTD collide
THESAURUS accident
•Two people were killed in a head-on collision (= between two vehicles that are moving directly towards each other ) on highway 218. 218号公路上有两辆汽车迎面相撞，两人死亡。
[+ with]
•The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck. 校车与一辆货车相撞了。
2.a strong disagreement between two people or groups
冲突，抵触
[+ between]
•a collision between the two countries over fishing rights 两国为捕鱼权而发生的冲突
3.be on a collision course
to be likely to have serious trouble because your aims are very different from someone else’s 〔因双方目标差异太大而〕很可能发生冲突，有可能导致严重争端
•The two nations are on a collision course that could lead to war. 两国可能会发生冲突，从而导致战争。
to be moving in a direction in which you will hit something 朝着可能会碰撞的方向移动
•an asteroid on a collision course with Earth 正朝着地球撞来的一颗小行星
commitment
/kə’mɪtmənt/
1.[C] a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way承诺
•Are you ready to make a long-term commitment ? 你是否准备好作出长久的承诺？
[+ to]
•Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service. 我们公司对质量和客户服务作出承诺。
2.[U] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity etc
〔对某一组织、某项活动等的〕投入，忠诚，奉献
•I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. 选手们表现出的活力和奉献精神给我留下了深刻印象。
[+ to]
•Her commitment to work is beyond question. 她的敬业精神是不容置疑的。
3.[C] something that you have promised you will do or that you have to do承诺的事
•Will the job fit in with your family commitments ? 这工作和你对家庭的承诺是否会有冲突？
conclusion
/kən’kluːʒ ə n/
1.[C] something you decide after considering all the information you have结论
RELTD conclude
•These are the report’s main conclusions. 这些就是这篇报告的主要结论。
•It is still too early to reach a conclusion on this point. 在这一点上作出结论还为时过早。
•There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion. 从以上的讨论也许可以得出两个主要的结论。
•All the evidence pointed to the conclusion that he was guilty. 所有证据都表明他是有罪的。
•It’s important not to jump to conclusions . 决不要贸然下结论。
•The police came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had been murdered. 警方得出了无法回避的结论: 这些儿童被谋杀了。
conclusion (that)
•I soon came to the conclusion that she was lying. 我很快就得出了她在撒谎的结论。
2.[C] formal the end or final part of something
结尾，末尾
SYN end 【正式】
[+ of]
•At the conclusion of the meeting, little progress had been made. 会议开到最后，没有取得多少进展。
3.in conclusion
used in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are saying
最后〔用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束〕
SYN finally
•In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today. 最后，我想说我今天很开心。
THESAURUS 词语辨析
1.conclusion 〔综合所有信息得出的〕结论
something you decide after considering all the information you have
•Doctors failed to reach a conclusion on the exact cause of death. 医生未能就确切的死因得出结论。
•The report’s main conclusion was that global warming was a serious threat. 这篇报告的主要结论是，全球变暖是一个严重的威胁。
2.findings 〔调查、研究等的〕结果，结论
the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc
•Surveys conducted in other countries reported similar findings. 在其他国家进行的调查也得出了同样的结果。
3.result 〔科学研究或化验得出的〕结果
the answers that are provided by a scientific study or test
•Have you had the result of your blood test yet? 你的验血结果拿到了吗？
congressional
/kən'ɡreʃənəl/ adj. 1.[美国英语] 2.议会的，国会的；代表大会的 3.[C-](美国)国会的
crash
/kræʃ/
MEANINGS 义项
1.CAR/PLANE ETC 汽车/飞机等
[I,T] to have an accident in a car, plane etc by violently hitting something else（使）车〕碰撞；〔飞机〕坠毁
RELTD collide
•The jet crashed after take-off. 这架喷气式飞机起飞后就坠毁了。
[+ into/onto etc]
•The plane crashed into a mountain. 飞机撞上了山头。
crash a car/bus/plane etc
•He was drunk when he crashed the car. 他撞车时醉醺醺的。
2.HIT SB/STH HARD 重击某人/某物
[I,T always+adv/prep] to hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise
〔很响地〕猛撞，猛击
•We watched the waves crashing against the rocks. 我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。
•The plates went crashing to the ground. 盘子哗啦一声摔落到地上。
•A large branch came crashing down . 一根大树枝啪啦一声掉落下来。
[+ into/through etc]
•A brick crashed through the window. 一块砖哗啦一声击穿了窗户。
3.LOUD NOISE 很响的声音
[I] to make a sudden loud noise发出巨响
•Thunder crashed and boomed outside. 外面雷声大作。
crash 2 n. [C ] S3
1.an accident in which a vehicle violently hits something else〔汽车的〕撞车事故；〔飞机的〕坠毁，失事
RELTD collision
THESAURUS accident
•a crash victim 车祸受害者
plane/car etc crash
•Forty-one people were killed in the plane crash. 这次飞机失事有41人遇难。
a fatal crash (=one in which someone is killed)致命事故
[+ between/with]
•She was involved in a head-on crash with a motorbike (= in which the front of one vehicle directly hits the front of another ) . 她与一辆摩托车迎面相撞。
•a motorway crash between a coach and a lorry 高速公路上一辆长途汽车和卡车相撞的车祸
2.a sudden loud noise made by something falling, breaking etc
突然发出的巨响，〔东西倒下、打破等时发出的〕碰撞声
THESAURUS sound
•I heard a loud crash . 我听到一声巨响。
with a crash
•The branch came down with a crash. 树枝啪啦一声掉落下来。
[+ of]
•a crash of thunder 一声炸雷
3.an occasion when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working〔计算机或计算机系统的〕瘫痪，崩溃，死机
desperate
/’desp ə rɪt,’desp ə rət/
1.willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger
〔为了改变糟糕境遇而〕不惜冒险的，拼命的，绝望的
•I had no money left and was desperate. 我身无分文，已经走投无路了。
•Time was running out and we were getting desperate . 时间越来越少，我们越来越感到绝望。
•the missing teenager’s desperate parents 失踪少年绝望的父母
[+ with]
•She was desperate with fear. 她因恐惧而感到绝望。
2.needing or wanting something very much
非常需要…的，极其需要…的
[+ for]
•The team is desperate for a win. 这支球队急需一场胜利。
•I was desperate for a cigarette. 我很想抽支烟。
desperate to do sth
•He was desperate to get a job. 他急于找到一份工作。
3.a desperate situation is very bad or serious
〔局势〕危急的，严峻的
THESAURUS serious
•a desperate shortage of doctors 医生极度缺乏
•We’re in desperate need of help. 我们亟待帮助。
dip
/dɪp/
pp: dipped pt: dipped pres part: dipping
1.PUT STH IN LIQUID 将某物放入液体中
[T] to put something into a liquid and lift it out again
蘸，浸
THESAURUS put
dip sth in/into sth
•He dipped his hand in the water. 他把手在水中浸了一下。
•Dip the strawberries into melted chocolate. 把草莓在熔化的巧克力中蘸一蘸。
2.MOVE DOWN 向下移动
[I,T] to move down, or to make something move down, usually for just a short time
（使）下降，（使）下落
•We watched the sun dip below the horizon. 我们看着太阳沉到地平线以下。
•She dipped her head and spoke into the microphone. 她低下头对着麦克风讲话。
3.BECOME LESS 变少
[I] if an amount or level dips, it becomes less, usually for just a short time
减少，降低
SYN fall
•Profits dipped slightly last year. 去年利润略有降低。
•Temperatures dipped to -10˚C last night. 昨晚气温降到了零下10摄氏度。
→ skinny-dipping
PHRVB 短语动词
dip into sthphr v
to read short parts of a book, magazine etc, but not the whole thing
翻阅，浏览〔书、杂志等〕
•It’s the kind of book you can dip into now and again. 这是那种可以不时翻翻的书。
to use some of an amount of money that you have
动用〔存款〕
•Medical bills forced her to dip into her savings . 她不得不动用积蓄支付医疗费。
•Parents are being asked to dip into their pockets for new school books (= use their own money to pay for them ) . 家长被要求自掏腰包买新课本。
to put your hand into a bag or box in order to take out one of the things inside
把手伸进〔袋子或盒子中把里面的东西掏出来〕
•On her lap was a bag of candy which she kept dipping into. 她不停地从腿上放着的一袋糖果里摸出糖来吃。
dip 2 n.
1.SWIM 游泳
[C] informal a quick swim
游一会儿泳
•Are you coming in for a dip? 你游一会儿吗？
take/have a dip
•Let’s take a dip in the lake. 我们到湖里游一小会儿泳吧。
2.DECREASE 下降
[C] a slight decrease in the amount of something
〔某物数量上略微的〕减少，下降
[+ in]
•an unexpected dip in profits 出乎意料的利润下降
3.FOOD 食物
[C,U] a thick mixture that you can dip food into before you eat it〔用来蘸食物吃的〕调味酱汁，蘸料
•sour cream and onion dip 酸奶油洋葱蘸料
distinction
/dɪ’stɪŋkʃ ə n/
MEANINGS 义项
1.DIFFERENCE 差别
[C,U] a clear difference or separation between two similar things
差别，区别，不同
[+ between]
•the distinction between formal and informal language 正式与非正式语言之间的差别
clear/sharp distinction
•There is often no clear distinction between an allergy and food intolerance. 过敏和食物不耐受之间往往没有明显的区别。
make/draw a distinction
•The Act makes no distinction between children and adults (= it treats them as if they were the same ) . 这条法令对儿童和成年人同等对待。
2.EXCELLENCE 卓越
[U] the quality of being excellent and important
优秀，卓越，杰出
•Eliot’s distinction as a poet 艾略特作为诗人的杰出才能
3.BEING SPECIAL 不寻常
[singular,单数] the quality of being special in some way
独特，不同凡响
•The US enjoys the dubious distinction of being the lawsuit capital of the world. 美国享有世界诉讼之都的 “美名”。
have/earn/achieve etc the distinction of doing sth
•At that time, it had the distinction of being the largest bridge in the UK. 那时候它的独特之处在于，它是英国最大的桥梁。
REGISTER 语体
In written English, people often use draw a distinction rather than make a distinction , because it sounds more formal.
在书面英语中,人们常用 draw a distinction ,而不用 make a distinction ,因为前者听上去更加正式
•The law draws a distinction between temporary and permanent employees. 这条法律把临时雇员和长期雇员区别开来。
