U5 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
advocate
A
/ˈædvəkeɪt/
to publicly support a particular way of doing something
主张，拥护，鼓吹
THESAURUS recommend
•Extremists were openly advocating violence. 极端主义者公开鼓吹使用暴力。
[+ for]
•Those who advocate for doctor-assisted suicide say the terminally ill should not have to suffer. 主张可以在医生协助下结束生命的人说，晚期病人不应当受罪。
ad‧vo‧cate 2 /ˈædvəkɪt, ˈædvəkət, -keɪt,ˋædvəkət/ n. [C ] AC
英 /ˈædvəkɪt, ˈædvəkət, -keɪt/
1.someone who publicly supports someone or something提倡者，拥护者，鼓吹者
SYN proponent
[+ of]
•She’s a passionate advocate of natural childbirth. 她竭力主张自然分娩。
[+ for]
•an advocate for the disabled 残障人士的支持者
2.a lawyer who speaks in a court of law, especially in Scotland〔尤指苏格兰的〕出庭律师
→ devil’s advocate
2
Q
amusement
A
/əˈmjuːzmənt/
1.[U] the feeling you have when you think something is funny开心，愉悦，乐趣
•Steve couldn’t hide his amusement. 史蒂夫忍俊不禁。
•The cats are a constant source of amusement to us. 那些猫给我们带来无穷的乐趣。
with/in amusement
•Her eyes sparkled with amusement. 她的眼睛里闪烁着笑意。
•She looked at him in amusement. 她乐呵呵地看着他。
to sb’s amusement (=in a way that makes someone laugh or smile)令某人发笑
•They were dancing and singing in the car, much to the amusement of passers-by. 他们在车里又唱又跳，让路人感到十分有趣。
2.amusements[plural]
things that entertain you and make time pass in an enjoyable way 娱乐活动，消遣
•childhood amusements 儿时的游戏
special machines or games that are intended to entertain people, for example at a fair 娱乐设施；游戏
•The kids can ride on the amusements. 孩子们可以乘坐这些游乐设施。
3.[U] the process of getting or providing pleasure and enjoyment娱乐，消遣
•What do you do for amusement in this town? 你们镇上有什么消遣？
3
Q
antique
A
/ˌænˈtiːk◂/
antique furniture, jewellery etc is old and often valuable
〔家具、珠宝等〕古时制造的，古董的
THESAURUS old
•an antique rosewood desk 古董红木书桌
antique 2 n. [C ]
a piece of furniture, jewellery etc that was made a very long time ago and is therefore valuable古董，古玩，古物
•The palace is full of priceless antiques. 宫殿里到处都是价值连城的古董。
•They bought the clock at an antique shop in Bath. 他们在巴斯一家古玩店里买了这只钟。
•an antique dealer 古玩商
4
Q
automatic
A
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk◂/
1.an automatic machine is designed to work without needing someone to operate it for each part of a process自动的，自动化的
RELTD manual
•an automatic weapon 自动武器
•an automatic gearbox 自动变速箱
•My camera is fully automatic . 我的照相机是全自动的。
2.something that is automatic always happens as a result of something you have done, especially because of a rule or law〔根据规定或法律〕必然发生的，自动的
•Littering results in an automatic fine. 乱扔垃圾必然要罚款。
3.done without thinking, especially because you have done the same thing many times before
不自觉的，无意识的，不假思索的
•Practise the breathing techniques until they become automatic. 练习这些呼吸技巧直到成为无意识的动作。
automatic 2 n. [C ]
1.a weapon that can fire bullets continuously自动手枪
2.a car with a system of gear s that operate themselves without the driver needing to change them
自动变速汽车，自动换挡汽车
5
Q
battlefield
A
/ˈbætlfiːld/
also 又作 bat‧tle‧ground
1.a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought战场，沙场，战地
2.a subject that people disagree or argue a lot about
斗争的主题；争论的问题
•Education has become a political battleground. 教育问题已经变成了人们热烈争论的政治话题。
3.a place where an argument or disagreement happens, or where people are competing against each other
争论[竞争]激烈的地方
•a battleground state during the election 选举期间竞争激烈的一个州
6
Q
bicentennial
A
/ˌbaɪsenˈteniəl/
the day or year exactly 200 years after an important 二百周年（纪念）
•the bicentennial of the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》发表二百周年纪念
DERIVATIVE 派生词
bicentennial adj
•bicentennial celebrations 二百周年庆典
7
Q
brake
A
/breɪk/
1.[often plural,常用复数] a piece of equipment that makes a vehicle go more slowly or stop
刹车，制动器，车闸
→ anti-lock braking system → emergency brake → handbrake → parking brake → see picture at 见 car
•Test your brakes after driving through water. 车子涉水之后要检验一下刹车。
•I managed to put the brakes on just in time. 我最终及时刹了车。
•Moira slammed on the brakes (= used them suddenly and with a lot of force ) . 莫伊拉猛踩刹车。
•the screech of brakes 刹车的刺耳噪音
apply the brakes
•He applied the brakes but failed to stop in time. 他踩了刹车，可未能及时停下来。
the rear/front brakes 后刹车/前刹车
2.act as a brake on sth
to make something develop more slowly, be more difficult to do, or happen less
对某事物起抑制作用，遏制某事物
•Rises in interest rates act as a brake on expenditure. 加息对消费起抑制作用。
3.put the brakes on sth
to stop something that is happening
阻止某事物
brake 2 v. [I ]
to make a vehicle or bicycle go more slowly or stop by using its brake刹车〔使减速或停住〕
brake sharply/hard (=brake quickly)急刹车
•He braked sharply to avoid the dog. 他突然急刹车，想避开那条狗。
8
Q
briefing
A
/ˈbriːfɪŋ/
information or instructions that you get before you have to do something
〔做某事前得到的〕简要指示，情况简介
9
Q
burst
A
/bɜːst/
pp: burst pt: burst
1.break open 裂开
[I,T] if something bursts, or if you burst it, it breaks open or apart suddenly and violently so that its contents come out
（使）破裂；（使）爆裂；（使）胀破； （使）爆炸
THESAURUS break explode
•The pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of water. 水管爆裂，房子被水淹了两英尺。
2.be bursting with sth
to have a lot of something or be filled with something
充满某物
•John was bursting with ideas and good humour. 约翰主意多，脾气好。
•The shops are bursting with food. 商店里摆满了各种食品。
be bursting with pride/energy/excitement etc
•Your mum’s bursting with pride for you. 你妈妈为你感到无比骄傲。
3.move suddenly 突然移动
[I always + adv/prep] to move somewhere suddenly or quickly, especially into or out of a place
冲，闯，突然出现
[+ into/through/in etc]
•Jo burst into the room. 乔冲进房间。
→ at 见 full →full (up) to bursting at 见 full1 → at 见 bubble →burst sb’s bubble at 见 bubble6 → at 见 bubble →the bubble bursts at 见 bubble5
PHRVB 短语动词
burst in on/upon sb/sthphr v
1.to interrupt someone or something by entering a room, in a way that embarrasses you or other people
突然闯入打扰
•I’m sorry to burst in on you like this. 对不起，我这样闯进来打扰你。
burst into sthphr v
1.to suddenly begin to make a sound, especially to start singing, crying, or laughing突然…起来〔尤指唱歌、哭、笑等〕
•Claire looked as if she were about to burst into tears . 克莱尔看上去好像就要哭出来了。
•Suddenly, the group burst into laughter . 突然，这群人哄然大笑起来。
•Lydia burst into song . 莉迪娅忽然唱起歌来。
2.burst into flames/flame to suddenly start to burn very strongly突然起火，猛烈燃烧起来
•Their car crashed and burst into flames. 他们的汽车猛烈撞击后突然燃起大火。
burst onto/upon/on sthphr v
1.to suddenly appear and become very successful
突然出现在…〔指突然成功〕
•The band burst onto the music scene in 1997. 1997 年该乐队突然在乐坛上一炮而红。
burst 2 n. [C ]
1.the act of something bursting or the place where it has burst破裂，爆炸；喷出；裂口
•a burst in the water pipe 水管上的裂口
2.a short sudden effort or increase in activity 突然用力；加速
[+ of]
•The van gave a sudden burst of speed. 小货车突然加速。
a short sudden and usually loud sound 突发的响声
[+ of]
•sharp bursts of machine gun fire 一阵阵刺耳的机关枪扫射声
a sudden strong feeling or emotion 情感的突然爆发
burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 怒火/热情/脾气等的爆发
10
Q
cabinet
A
/'kæbɪnɪt,'kæbənɪt,'kæbɪnət,'kæbənət/ 1.[also + plural verb,亦用复数动词] the politicians with important positions in a government who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of the government 内阁 → at 见 shadow 3 •a cabinet meeting 内阁会议 •a member of the Cabinet 内阁成员 2.a piece of furniture with doors and shelves or drawers, used for storing or showing things 〔有拉门、搁板或抽屉的〕贮藏柜，陈列柜 SYN cupboard → filing cabinet •the medicine cabinet 药柜
11
Q
CD
A
abbr. 光盘，激光唱片（Compact Disc）；呼叫设备（Calling Device）；中央地区（Central District）；商务部（Commerce Department）
12
Q
checkerboard
A
/’tʃekəbɔːd/
a board that you play checkers on, with 32 white squares and 32 black squares
西洋跳棋棋盘〔由32个白格和32个黑格构成〕
SYN draughtboard BrE 【美】,【英】
13
Q
classic
A
/’klæsɪk/
1.TYPICAL 典型的
having all the features that are typical or expected of a particular thing or situation典型的
THESAURUS typical
classic example/mistake/case etc
•Too many job hunters make the classic mistake of thinking only about what’s in it for them. 不少求职者都会犯这种典型错误，就是只关心自己能在工作中得到什么。
2.ADMIRED 受称赞的
admired by many people, and having a value that has continued for a long time
经典的
•The Coca-Cola bottle is one of the classic designs of the last century. 可口可乐瓶是上个世纪的经典设计之一。
•a collection of classic cars 一批经典汽车
3.VERY GOOD 很好的
of excellent quality极优秀的，第一流的
•Roy scored a classic goal in the 90th minute. 罗伊在第90分钟时踢进了漂亮的一球。
classic 2 n. [C ] AC
1.a book, play, or film that is important and has been admired for a long time名著；经典作品；杰作
•‘La Grande Illusion’ is one of the classics of French cinema. 《大幻影》是法国电影中的经典作品之一。
all-time/modern/design etc classic
•The play has become an American classic. 该剧成了美国的经典剧作。
2.something that is very good and one of the best examples of its kind
典范，经典
•What makes a car a classic? 是什么使一辆汽车成为经典？
3.classics
[plural,复数] the language, literature, and history of ancient Rome and Greece
古典文化〔指古罗马和古希腊的语言、文学及历史〕
RELTD classicist
•Judith studied classics at Oxford. 朱迪斯在牛津学过古典文化。
14
Q
compress
A
/kəm’pres/
1.[I,T] to press something or make it smaller so that it takes up less space, or to become smaller压紧；压缩
•Light silk is best for parachutes, as it compresses well and then expands rapidly. 轻质丝绸最适合制作降落伞，因为这种面料便于压缩，而且展开迅速。
•Isobel nodded, her lips compressed. 伊索贝尔紧闭着双唇点了点头。
•The miners used rock drills and compressed air to drive through hard rock. 矿工使用钻岩机和压缩空气来凿穿坚硬的岩石。
compress sth into sth
•Snow falling on the mountainsides is compressed into ice. 落在山坡上的雪被压成了冰。
2.[I,T] to make a computer file smaller by using a special computer program , which makes the file easier to store or send, or to become smaller in this way
压缩〔计算机文件〕
•The program compresses any data saved to the disk. 该程序会压缩所有储存在磁盘上的信息。
3.[T] to write or express something using fewer words
压缩〔文字或话语〕
SYN condense
compress sth into sth
•In this chapter we compress into summary form the main issues discussed so far. 在这一章节里，我们把到目前为止所讨论的主要问题压缩成概要形式。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
compressible adj
compression n /-ˋprɛʃən ; -‘preʃ ə n / [U]
•data compression 数据压缩
com‧press 2 /’kɒmpres,ˋkɑmprɛs/ n. [C ]
英 /’kɒmpres/
a small thick piece of material that you put on part of someone’s body to stop blood flowing out or to make it less painful
〔用以止血或止痛的〕敷布，压布
cold/hot compress
•Apply a cold compress to the injury. 在受伤的地方敷上一块冷敷布。
15
Q
condense
A
/kən’dens/
1.[I,T] if a gas condenses, or is condensed, it becomes a liquid（使）凝结，（使）冷凝
•the mist which condensed on every cold surface 每个冰冷的表面上凝结的水汽
[+ into]
•The gaseous metal is cooled and condenses into liquid zinc. 气态金属被冷却并凝结成液态锌。
2.[T] to make something that is spoken or written shorter, by not giving as much detail or using fewer words to give the same information将〔讲话或文章〕压缩
condense sth into sth
•This whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。
3.[T] to make a liquid thicker by removing some of the water将〔液体〕浓缩
•condensed soup 浓汤
16
Q
confederate
A
/kən'fedərɪt,kən'fedərət/ 1.formal someone who helps someone else do something, especially something secret or illegal 共犯，同谋，同伙，党羽 SYN accomplice 【正式】 •The young woman was his confederate, of course. 这个年轻女子当然是他的同谋。 2.a member of a confederacy 联盟者，同盟者，盟友；盟国 DERIVATIVE 派生词 confederate adj
17
Q
consist
A
/kən’sɪst/
PHRVB 短语动词
consist in sthphr v
1.to be based on or depend on something在于，取决于
•Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own. 幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。
consist of sthphr v
1.to be formed from two or more things or people
由…构成，由…组成
•The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes. 自助餐由几种不同的印度菜组成。
consist mainly/largely/primarily of sb/sth
•The audience consisted mainly of teenagers.观众主要是青少年。
consist entirely/solely of sb/sth
•The area does not consist entirely of rich people, despite popular belief.这个地区并非全是富人，尽管大家普遍如此认为。
18
Q
constantly
A
/’kɒnstəntli/
all the time, or very often持续不断地；经常地
SYN continually
•He talked constantly about his work. 他不断地谈到他的工作。
•The English language is constantly changing . 英语在不断地变化。
19
Q
convenience
A
/kən’viːniəns/
1.[U] the quality of being suitable or useful for a particular purpose, especially by making something easier or saving you time方便，便利；合宜
•Ready meals sell well because of their convenience. 即食餐因为方便销路好。
the convenience of doing sth
•Most of us like the convenience of using credit cards to buy things. 我们大多数人都喜欢使用信用卡购物的便利。
for convenience
•For convenience, the German translation is printed below. 为方便起见，德语译文印在下面。
2.[U] what is easiest and best for a particular person
〔个人的〕便利；自在，舒适
•Services should be run to suit the convenience of the customer, not the staff. 服务的安排应该方便客户，而不是员工。
at sb’s convenience (=at a time that is best and easiest for someone)在某人方便时
•These meals can be prepared in advance, and served at your convenience. 这些饭菜可以预先准备好，在你方便时端上来吃。
for sb’s convenience
•For your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m. 为了方便大家，本银行营业到晚上七点。
3.[C] something that is useful because it saves you time or means that you have less work to do
便利措施；带来方便的装置
•The supermarket offers a bag-packing service, as a convenience to customers. 为方便顾客，这家超级市场提供装袋服务。
•a hotel with all the modern conveniences 一家配有各种现代化便利设施的宾馆
20
Q
credit
A
/’kredɪt,’kredət/
1.DELAYED PAYMENT 推迟付款
[U] an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay for it later赊购；信贷
•The store agreed to let him have credit. 商店同意他赊购。
•What’s the credit limit on your Visa card? 你的维萨卡信用额度是多少？
on credit
•Most new cars are bought on credit. 大多数新汽车都是贷款购买的。
2.PRAISE 赞扬
[U] approval or praise that you give to someone for something they have done
赞扬；赞许
•Credit must go to Fiona for making sure everything ran smoothly. 应该感激菲奥娜使一切得以顺利进行。
[+ for]
•Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team. 这次胜利是队里每个人的功劳。
•They never give Gene any credit for all the extra work he does. 吉恩做了那么多分外的事，可他们对此从来没有一句称赞。
take/claim/deserve etc (the) credit
•She deserves credit for trying her best. 她尽了最大的努力，应该得到表扬。
to sb’s credit (=used to say that someone has done something good)某人值得赞扬[钦佩]
•To Jamie’s credit, he remained calm. 值得表扬的是，杰米始终保持冷静。
3.be a credit to sb/sth
to behave so well or be so successful that your family, team etc are proud of you
为某人/某事物增光
•She’s a credit to her profession. 她为自己的行业赢得了荣誉。
•Your children really do you credit. 你的孩子们确实值得你骄傲。
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.verbs 动词
buy/get sth on credit 赊购某物
•They bought all their furniture on credit. 他们所有家具都是赊账购买的。
use credit 使用信贷
•The survey showed only 15% of people had never used credit. 调查显示，只有15﹪的人从未使用过信贷。
get/obtain credit(=be allowed to buy sth on credit) 取得信贷
•The economic situation is making it more difficult for people to get credit. 经济形势使得人们越来越难以取得信贷。
give/offer credit(=allow customers to buy things on credit) 允许赊购
•A business may lose customers if it does not give credit. 企业若不允许赊购可能会失去客源。
refuse sb credit 拒绝某人赊购
•You may be refused credit if you have a bad financial record. 如果你有不良财务记录，可能会被拒绝赊购。
2.credit + NOUN 名词
a credit card(=a plastic card that you use to buy things and pay for them later) 信用卡
•Can I pay by credit card? 我可以用信用卡支付吗？
credit facilities(=the opportunity to buy something on credit) 信用透支
•Credit facilities are available if you are over 18. 如果你年满18岁就可以享受信用透支。
a credit agreement(=an arrangement to allow or receive credit) 信贷协议
credit terms(=how much you must pay back and when) 信用条款
sb’s credit rating(=how likely a bank etc thinks someone is to pay their debts) 某人的信用等级
a credit risk(=a risk that a bank etc may not get back the money it lends) 信贷风险
a credit limit(=the most someone can spend using credit) 信用额度
a credit crunch/squeeze(=a situation in which people are not allowed as much credit as before) 信贷紧缩，收紧信贷
3.ADJECTIVES/NOUN 形容词/名词 + credit
consumer credit(=the amount of credit used by consumers) 消费信贷
•Consumer credit has risen substantially during this period. 这段时期，消费信贷大幅上升。
interest-free credit(=with no interest added to it) 无息贷款
•We offer interest-free credit for up to 50 weeks. 我们提供长达50周的无息贷款。
credit 2 v. [T not in progressive 不用进行式] AC
1.to add money to a bank account把钱存入〔账户〕
OPP debit
[+ to]
•The cheque has been credited to your account. 支票已存入你的账户。
[+ with]
•For some reason my account’s been credited with an extra $76. 不知什么原因，我的账户多出了76美元。
2.credit sb with (doing) sth
to believe or admit that someone has a quality, or has done something good
相信某人有某优点[做了某件好事]
•Do credit me with a little intelligence! 你要相信我还是有点智商的！
•Evans is credited with inventing the system. 据信是埃文斯发明这个系统的。
3.be credited to sb/sth
if something is credited to someone or something, they have achieved it or are the reason for it
归功于某人/某事；某人/某事是…发生的原因
•Much of Manchester United’s success can be credited to their manager. 曼联队的胜利大半应该归功于他们的主教练。
21
Q
current
A
/'kʌrənt/ happening or existing now 现时的，当前的，现行的 SYN present •the current President 现任总统 •In its current state, the car is worth £1,000. 这辆车按现在的车况来看值1,000英镑。 current 2 n. [C ] W3 1.a continuous movement of water in a river, lake, or sea 〔河、湖或海的〕水流，潮流 RELTD tide •Strong currents can be very dangerous for swimmers. 激流对游泳者会很危险。 ocean/sea/tidal etc current 洋流/海潮/潮流等 2.a continuous movement of air气流 •Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. 有些鸟利用热气流帮助它们飞行。 [+ of] •currents of warm air rising from the plain 平原上升起的暖气流 3.a flow of electricity through a wire 电流 → alternating current → direct current •an electrical current 一股电流
22
Q
defer
A
/dɪ'fɜː/ pp: deferred pt: deferred pres part: deferring to delay something until a later date 延期，推迟 SYN put back THESAURUS delay •The committee deferred their decision . 委员会延期作出决定。 defer sth until/to sth •Further discussion on the proposal will be deferred until April. 对此提案的进一步讨论将推迟到4月份。 PHRVB 短语动词 defer to sb/sthphr v to agree to accept someone’s opinion or decision because you have respect for that person 服从，遵从，听从 •I will defer to your wishes. 我会遵从你的意愿。 DERIVATIVE 派生词 deferment n [C,U] deferral n [C,U]
23
Q
diet
A
/’daɪət/
MEANINGS 义项
1.[C] a way of eating in which you only eat certain foods, in order to lose weight, or to improve your health
节食；规定饮食
•Lyn always seems to be on a diet. 琳恩似乎一直在节食。
•a salt-free diet 无盐饮食
•Not all diets are good for you. 不是所有的节食方法都适合你。
2.[C,U] the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day日常饮食，日常食物
THESAURUS food
•She doesn’t eat a very healthy diet . 她的饮食不是很健康。
•It is important to have a balanced diet . 饮食均衡很重要。
•the effects of poor diet and lack of exercise 不良饮食和缺乏锻炼的后果
•Rice is the staple diet (= the main food that a group of people usually eat ) . 大米是主食。
•Studies have shown the benefits of a vegetarian diet . 研究表明素食有好处。
[+ of]
•They exist on a diet of fish. 他们的食物主要是鱼。
in sb’s diet
•the importance of vitamins and minerals in your diet 饮食中维生素和矿物质的重要性
3.a diet of sth
too much of an activity that you think is boring or has bad effects
多得令人生厌[对人有害]的某物
•Kids today are raised on a constant diet of pop music and television. 如今的孩子是伴随着泛滥的流行音乐和电视长大的。
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.VERBS 动词
be on a diet(=to only eat certain foods in order to lose weight) 在节食
•No cake, thanks – I’m on a diet. 不要蛋糕,谢谢——我在节食。
go on a diet(=start eating less or only some types of food) 开始节食
•I really ought to go on a diet. 我真的应该节食了。
follow a diet(=only eat certain types of food) 按照规定饮食
•You will feel better if you follow a low-fat diet. 你如果采用低脂食谱会感觉好些。
stick to a diet(=continue to follow a diet) 坚持某一种饮食
2.ADJECTIVES 形容词
a strict diet(=in which you eat a very limited amount or range of food) 严格的饮食
•She followed a strict diet for several weeks. 她按严格的规定进食,持续了好几周。
a crash diet(=a very sudden and strict attempt to lose weight) 速效减肥
•It’s better to lose weight gradually than to go on a crash diet. 慢慢减肥比速效减肥好。
a low-calorie/low-fat etc diet 低热量/低脂等饮食
COMMON ERRORS 常见错误
Do not say 不要说 ‘she’s doing a diet’. Say 而要说 she’s on a diet .,Do not say 不要说 ‘keep a diet’. Say 而要说 stick to a diet .
diet 2 v. [I ]
to limit the amount and type of food that you eat, in order to become thinner
〔为减肥而〕节食，限制饮食，按规定进食
SYN slim
diet 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
diet drinks or foods contain less sugar or fat than ordinary ones低糖的，低脂肪的
a diet soda
24
Q
digest
A
/daɪ’dʒest, dɪ-,daɪ’dʒest, də-/
1.to change food that you have just eaten into substances that your body can use消化〔食物〕
→ ingest
•Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily. 大多数婴儿能轻易地消化很多种食物。
2.to understand new information, especially when there is a lot of it or it is difficult to understand
理解，领悟，消化〔尤指大量新信息或难以理解的信息〕
SYN take in
•I struggled to digest the news. 我费力地琢磨着那条新闻。
di‧gest 2 /’daɪdʒest,ˋdaɪdʒɛst/ n. [C ]
英 /’daɪdʒest/
a short piece of writing that gives the most important facts from a book, report etc摘要，概要，文摘
25
dots
dot 1 /dɒt,dɑt/ n. [C ] S2
/dɒt/
1.a small round mark or spot点，小圆点
•a pattern of dots 圆点图案
2.on the dot
informal exactly on time or at a particular time
在指定时间，准时
•I’ll be there on the dot. 我会准时到那里。
at three o’clock/seven thirty etc on the dot (=at exactly 3:00/7:30 etc)正好3点/7点30分等
•Mr Green arrived at six on the dot . 格林先生正好在6点到达。
3.something that looks like a small spot because it is so far away〔因相距很远〕看似一个小点的物体
•The plane was just a dot on the horizon . 飞机当时只是地平线上的一个小点。
→ at 见 year →the year dot at 见 year14
dot 2 v. [T ]
pp: dotted pt: dotted pres part: dotting
1.to mark something by putting a dot on it or above it
在〔某物上面或上方〕加点
•She never dots her i’s. 她从来不在i上面加点。
2.[usually passive,一般用被动态] if an area is dotted with things, there are a lot of them there but they are spread far apart布满，星罗棋布于
•Poppies dotted the field. 田野里遍布着星星点点的罂粟花。
be dotted with sth
•The lake was dotted with sailboats. 湖面上星星点点布满了帆船。
be dotted about/around etc sth
•The company has over 20 stores dotted around the country. 该公司现有超过20家商店散布在全国各地。
3.to put a very small amount of something on a surface, especially in several places点；点缀
dot sth with sth
•Dot the apples with butter. 在苹果上点些黄油。
26
excerpt
/'eksɜːpt/
a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc〔书籍、诗歌、音乐等的〕摘录，节录
SYN extract
[+ of/from]
•An excerpt of the speech appeared in the Sunday paper. 演讲的节录刊登在周日报纸上了。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
excerpt v [T usually passive]
27
exit
/'eɡzɪt, 'eksət/
1.a door or space through which you can leave a public room, building etc出口；通道
•We made for the nearest exit. 我们走向最近的出口。
•an exit door 出口门
•Two men were blocking her exit. 两个男人挡住了她出去的路。
emergency/fire exit (=a special door used only when there is a fire etc)太平门；紧急出口；消防门
2.[usually singular,一般用单数] when you leave a room or building离开〔房间或建筑物〕
•They made a quick exit when they saw the police approaching. 他们看见警察来了便迅速离去。
3.a place where vehicles can leave a road such as a mo-torway, and join another road〔公路的〕出口
•Take the next exit for Lynchburg. 从下一个出口驶出到林奇堡。
exit 2 v. [I,T ]
1.formal to leave a place
离去；离开〔某处〕
•He exited the courtroom in a fury. 他怒气冲冲地离开了审判室。
[+ from/through]
•I exited through a side window. 我从侧面的一扇窗户钻了出去。
2.to stop using a computer program
退出〔计算机程序〕
•Press F3 to exit. 按F3键退出。
3.used in the instructions of a play to tell an actor to leave the stage〔剧本里的舞台指示，一个演员〕退场，下场
•Exit Hamlet, bearing the body of Polonius. 哈姆雷特扛着波洛尼厄斯的尸体退场。
28
explore
/ɪk'splɔː/
1.[T] to discuss or think about something carefully
探讨，探究
SYN look at
•Management need to explore ways of improving office security. 管理层需要探讨如何加强办事处的安全措施。
•I’m going to explore the possibility of a part-time job. 我要好好想想兼职工作的可能性。
2.[I,T] to travel around an area in order to find out about it
探险；考察；勘查
•Venice is a wonderful city to explore. 威尼斯是一个美妙的城市，值得好好探究一番。
3.explore (sth) for oil/minerals/gold etc
to look for something such as oil, minerals etc
勘探石油/矿物/黄金等
29
express
/ɪk'spres/
1.FEELING 感受
to tell or show what you are feeling or thinking by using words, looks, or actions表达；表示；表现
THESAURUS say
•Parents have expressed their concerns about their children’s safety. 父母对自己孩子的安全表示忧虑。
•She expressed an interest in seeing York. 她表示有兴趣见见约克。
•Many people have expressed their opposition to the proposals. 许多人反对这些提议。
•He first learnt to express himself through movement at hisdance classes. 他最初是在舞蹈班学会通过动作表达情感的。
•Words can’t express (= it is impossible to describe ) how angry we felt. 我们的愤怒无以言表。
express your views/opinions
•Bill’s not afraid to express his opinions. 比尔并不害怕表达自己的观点。
express sth in/by/through sth
•Express your reasons for applying in simple terms. 简单说说你申请的理由。
express sympathy/fear/anger etc
•She doesn’t express her emotions as much as he does. 她不像他那样经常表露自己的情感。
express thanks/gratitude (for sth) (to sb) (=thank someone in a speech or by writing a letter)(因某事)(向某人)表示感谢/感激
•Finally, I’d like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped today. 最后，我想对今天给予帮助的所有人表示诚挚的感谢。
express doubts/reservations
•The USA expressed reservations before agreeing to sign the agreement. 美国在同意签署协议之前发表了保留意见。
express yourself (=say what you think or feel)表达自己的想法[感情]
•Young children often have difficulty expressingthemselves. 幼儿常常很难将自己的想法清楚地表达出来。
2.PARTICULAR EMOTION 某种情感
to show or describe a particular feeling
描绘，表达〔某种情绪〕
•Many of Munch’s paintings express a deep feeling of despair. 蒙克的许多画作都表达了一种深深的绝望。
3.sth expresses itself
if something expresses itself, it becomes noticeable
某事物显而易见
SYN sth reveals itself
•Religious faith expresses itself in a variety of ways. 宗教信仰有各种各样的表现形式。
express 2 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
1.deliberate and for a specific situation特意的
•The school was founded with the express purpose of teaching deaf children. 这所学校是专门为教授失聪儿童而创办的。
2.clear and definite明确的
express agreement/consent/authority etc
•He is not to leave without my express permission. 没有我的明确准许他就不得离开。
•Matthew left express instructions to keep all doors locked. 马修明确指示过要把门都锁好。
3.express train/coach/bus
a train or bus that does not stop at many places and can therefore travel more quickly
特快列车/长途汽车/公共汽车
express 3 n.
1.[C usually singular,一般用单数] a train or bus that does not stop in many places and therefore travels quickly
〔火车或公共汽车的〕快车
London–Gatwick Express/Orient Express (=a fast train or bus which does a particular journey regularly)伦敦﹣盖特威克快车/东方快车
2.[U] a post service that delivers letters and packages very quickly邮件快递
•Send these books by express. 把这些书用快递寄出去。
express 4 adv.
send/deliver sth express
to send or deliver a letter, package etc quickly using a special post service用快递寄出/递送某物
30
eyewitness
/'aɪ‚wɪtnɪs,'aɪ‚wɪtnəs/
someone who has seen something such as a crime happen, and is able to describe it afterwards
目击者；见证人
•One eyewitness said he saw her talking to a man in a blue car. 一名目击者说他看见她在跟一个坐在蓝色汽车里的男子说话。
eyewitness account/report/testimony
•According to eyewitness accounts, soldiers opened fire on the crowd. 据目击者描述，士兵向人群开了枪。
31
fax
/fæks/
1.[C] a letter or message that is sent in electronic form down a telephone line and then printed using a special machine传真件
•Did you get my fax? 你收到我的传真了吗？
2.[C] a machine used for sending and receiving faxes
传真机
•What’s your fax number? 你的传真号码是多少？
3.[U] the system of sending letters and messages using a fax machine传真通信，传真
by fax
•You can book tickets by fax or on-line. 可以通过传真或网络订票。
fax 2 v. [T ]
to send someone a letter or message using a fax machine传真〔信件或信息〕
fax sb sth
•She asked me to fax her the details. 她要我把详细情况传真给她。
fax sth (through/on) to sb
•The contract should be faxed to him today. 今天应该把合同传真给他。
32
featureless
/'fiːtʃələs/
a featureless place has no interesting parts to notice
〔地方〕无特色的，平淡无奇的
•featureless plains 毫无特色的平原
33
fix
/fɪks/
1.REPAIR 修理
[T] to repair something that is broken or not working properly修理
THESAURUS repair
•He’s outside fixing the brakes on the car. 他在外面修理汽车的刹车。
•Ellis was able to quickly find and fix the problem. 埃利斯马上就找到并解决了问题。
2.LIMIT 限制
[T]to decide on a limit for something, especially prices, costs etc, so that they do not change 确定，决定〔价格、成本等〕
fix sth at sth
•The interest rate has been fixed at 6.5%. 利率已经定为6.5%。
•Rent was fixed at $1,750 per month. 租金定为每月1,750美元。
if two or more companies fix the price for a particular product or service, they secretly agree on the price they will charge for it, in order to keep the price high and make more profit. This practice is illegal. 操纵〔价格〕
•The government accused the two companies of fixing petrol prices. 政府指控那两家公司操纵汽油价格。
3.fix a time/date/place etc
to decide on a particular time etc when something will happen确定时间/日期/地点等
•Have you fixed a date for the wedding yet? 你确定婚礼的日期了吗？
PHRVB 短语动词
fix on sb/sthphr v
1.to choose a suitable thing or person, especially after thinking about it carefully
〔尤指经过认真考虑后〕选定，确定
•We’ve finally fixed on a place to have the concert. 我们终于定好了举行音乐会的地点。
fix sb/sth ←→ upphr v
1.to arrange a meeting, event etc
安排〔会议、活动等〕
•I fixed up an interview with him. 我安排了一次对他的采访。
•We’ll have to fix up a time to meet. 我们得安排一个见面的时间。
2.to decorate or repair a room or building
装修，修整〔房间或建筑物〕
•We fixed up the guest bedroom before he came to stay. 我们在他来住之前收拾了客房。
3.to provide someone with something they want
供给，提供
•Can you fix me up with a bed for the night?你能弄张床让我过夜吗？
4.to find a suitable romantic partner for someone
为…找〔情侣〕，为…介绍〔对象〕
•I asked my best friend to fix me up with someone.我叫我最要好的朋友给我找个对象。
fix 2 n.
1.[C] something that solves a problem
解决方法
•Robinson called the proposal a quick fix (= a temporary or easy solution ) of limited value. 鲁宾逊称那项提议只是个权宜之计，意义不大。
2.(be) in a fix
to have a problem that is difficult to solve
陷入困境
SYN (be) in a mess
•We’re going to be in a real fix if we miss that bus. 要是我们赶不上那班公交车，就真的麻烦了。
•That’s put us in a fix. 那件事让我们陷入了困境。
3.[singular,单数] an amount of something, especially an illegal drug such as heroin , that you often use and badly want〔一剂〕致瘾的东西，毒品
•addicts looking for a fix 寻找毒品的瘾君子
•I need my fix of caffeine in the morning or I can’t think. 我早上总得来点咖啡因，不然就无法思考问题。
34
flash
/flæʃ/
1.SHINE 发光
[I,T] to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or to make something shine in this way
（使）闪光，（使）闪亮
THESAURUS shine
•Lightning flashed overhead. 头顶上电光闪闪。
•Red warning lights flashed on and off (= shone for a short time and then stopped shining ) . 红色警告灯一闪一闪。
flash sth into/at/towards sb/sth
•Why is that guy flashing his headlights at me? 那家伙为什么朝我闪前灯呢？
2.PICTURES 图片
[I always + adv/prep] to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film
〔在电视、计算机或电影中〕闪现
[+ across/onto/past etc]
•Images of the war flashed across the screen. 电视屏幕上闪过战争的画面。
3.flash through sb’s mind/head/brain
if thoughts, images, memories etc flash through your mind, you suddenly think of them or remember them
闪过某人脑海
•The possibility that Frank was lying flashed through my mind. 弗兰克可能在撒谎的想法闪过我的脑海。
PHRVB 短语动词
flash sth ←→ aroundphr v
1.to use or show something in a way that will make people notice you and think you have a lot of money
炫耀
•He’s always flashing his money around. 他老是四处炫耀他有钱。
flash backphr v
1.to suddenly think about or show something that happened in the past, especially in a film, book etc
〔尤指电影、书等〕闪回，倒叙
•From here the movie flashes back to Billy’s first meeting with Schultz.从这里开始，影片闪回到比利初次遇见舒尔茨的时候。
flashback
flash forwardphr v
1.if a film, book etc flashes forward, it shows what happens in the future〔电影、书等〕闪前，预叙
•The movie then flashes forward to their daughter’s fifth birthday.影片接着跳到未来他们女儿五岁生日的时候。
flash 2 n.
1.LIGHT 光
[C] a bright light that shines for a short time and then stops shining闪光
•Two flashes mean danger. 两次闪光表示危险。
[+ of]
•A flash of lightning lit up the night sky. 一道闪电照亮夜空。
brilliant/blinding flash
•a brilliant flash of light 一道明亮的闪光
2.CAMERA 相机
[C,U] a special bright light used when taking photographs indoors or when there is not much light闪光灯
•Did the flash go off? 闪光灯亮过没有？
3.in/like a flash
very quickly一会儿，马上
•Just wait here. I’ll be back in a flash. 就在这里等着，我马上回来。
→ newsflash
flash 3 adj.
1.flash flood/fire
a flood or fire that happens very quickly or suddenly, and continues for only a short time突发的洪水/火灾
2.informal looking very new, bright, and expensive – used to show disapproval豪华的，阔气的〔含贬义〕
•a big flash car 一辆阔气的大轿车
3.informal liking to have expensive clothes and possessions so that other people notice you – used to show disapproval爱显摆的〔含贬义〕
•Chris didn’t want to seem flash in front of his mates. 克里斯不想在同伴面前显得是在摆阔。
35
gorgeous
```
/'ɡɔːdʒəs/
informal 【非正式】
1.extremely beautiful or attractive
极其漂亮的，极其吸引人的
THESAURUS beautiful
•‘What do you think of my new flatmate?’ ‘He’s absolutely gorgeous !’ “你觉得我的新室友怎么样？”“他帅极了！”
•You look gorgeous, Maria. 你看上去非常漂亮，玛丽亚。
2.extremely pleasant or enjoyable令人十分愉快的
SYN lovely
•a gorgeous cake 漂亮的蛋糕
•The hotel room had a gorgeous view. 那间客房窗外景色迷人。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
gorgeously adv
```
36
gratification
```
/,ɡrætifi'keiʃən/
n.
1.满足，满意，喜悦；满足感
2.令人满足(或满意)的事，可喜的事
3.使…感到喜悦(的行为)，使…得到满足(的行为)
4.[古语]奖金；报酬；赏钱
5.【心理学】心理报酬
```
37
gratify
/'ɡrætɪfaɪ,'ɡrætəfaɪ/
formal 【正式】
pp: gratified pt: gratified pres part: gratifying 3rd pers sg: gratifies
1.[usually passive,一般用被动态] to make someone feel pleased and satisfied使高兴，使满意
•He was gratified by Lucy’s response. 他对露西的回答很满意。
be gratified to see/hear/learn etc
•John was gratified to see the improvement in his mother’s health. 约翰很高兴看到母亲的身体有所好转。
2.to satisfy a desire, need etc满足〔欲望、需求等〕
•She did not propose to gratify Gloria’s curiosity any further. 她不想再去满足格洛丽亚的好奇心了。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
gratification n /͵grætəfəˋkeʃən ; ‚ɡrætɪfɪ'keɪʃ ə n,‚ɡrætɪfə'keɪʃ ə n,‚ɡrætəfɪ'keɪʃ ə n,‚ɡrætəfə'keɪʃ ə n / [C,U]
•sexual gratification 性满足
38
guaranteed
If you say that something is guaranteed to happen, you mean that you are certain that it will happen. 肯定的; 保证的
→see also guarantee
• Reports of this kind are guaranteed to cause anxiety.
这类报告肯定会引起焦虑。
• It's guaranteed that my colleagues think I'm deranged.
我的同事们肯定会认为我疯了。
• Success is not guaranteed.
不保证一定能成功。
39
herd
/hɜːd/
1.[C] a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together〔同一种类并一同活动的〕兽群；牧群
RELTD flock
THESAURUS group
[+ of]
•a herd of cattle 一群牛
•herds of elephants 数群大象
2.the herd
people generally, especially when thought of as being easily influenced by others
〔易受人支配的〕民众，老百姓，芸芸众生
•You have to be an individual; it’s no use running with the herd. 你必须特立独行，随大溜没有用处。
•the herd instinct 群集本能
herd 2 v.
1.[T always + adv/prep] to bring people together in a large group, especially roughly〔尤指粗暴地〕使集合在一起
•The prisoners were herded together . 犯人们被集合起来。
•I don’t want to be herded around with a lot of tourists. 我不想和许多游客一起被带到这里那里的。
herd sb into sth
•The visitors were herded into two large halls. 游客们被赶进两个大厅里。
2.[T] to make animals move together in a group
放牧
•It was Tom’s duty to herd the cows. 汤姆的职责是放牛。
3.sth is like herding cats
used to say that trying to control or organize a group of people is very difficult某群人极难管理
40
iceberg
/'aɪsbɜːɡ/
a very large mass of ice floating in the sea, most of which is under the surface of the water
冰山
41
ignore
/ɪɡ'nɔː/
1.to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about
〔故意对知道的事〕置之不理
•You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视很多罪犯从未获刑的事实。
•problems which we can’t afford to ignore 我们不能置之不理的问题
2.to behave as if you had not heard or seen someone or something不顾；忽视；不理
•The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了，但她只当没听见。
•Sam rudely ignored the question. 萨姆粗鲁地对这个问题不予理睬。
completely/totally ignore sb/sth
•He had completely ignored her remark, preferring his own theory. 他完全不理睬她的话，认为自己的说法更有道理。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people often say take no notice of something or not take any notice of something rather than ignore something. 在日常英国英语中，人们常说take no notice of something 或 not take any notice of something，而不说 ignore something
•There are signs telling you not to smoke, but people don’t take any notice of them. 有标志告诫不要吸烟，但有人就是只当没看见。
42
infect
/ɪn'fekt/
1.to give someone a disease传染
•People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others. 带有这种病毒的人可能毫无症状，却仍可能传染他人。
[+ with]
•the number of people infected with HIV 艾滋病病毒感染者的数目
2.[usually passive,一般用被动态] to make something contain something harmful that gives people a disease
污染〔使致病〕
[+ with]
•Eggs known to be infected with salmonella were allowed to go on sale. 已知带有沙门氏菌的鸡蛋被允许销售。
3.if a feeling or interest that you have infects other people, it makes them begin to feel the same way or have the same interest
〔某种感情或兴趣〕感染，影响〔他人〕
•Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class. 露西的热情很快就感染了班里的其他人。
43
interstate
/'ɪntəsteɪt/
a wide road that goes between states, on which cars can travel very fast州际公路
RELTD freeway
interstate 2 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
involving different states, especially in the US
〔尤指美国〕州际的
•interstate commerce 州际贸易
44
lakeside
```
/'leɪksaɪd/
beside a lake湖边的，湖滨的
•a lakeside restaurant 湖滨饭店
DERIVATIVE 派生词
lakeside n [singular]
```
45
lane
/leɪn/
1.a narrow road in the countryside〔乡间的〕小路
RELTD path
•a quiet country lane 一条宁静的乡间小路
2.a road in a city, often used in road names
…巷〔常用于路名中〕
•the Hilton Hotel in Park Lane 公园巷的希尔顿酒店
•a network of alleys and back lanes 纵横交错的后街小巷
3.one of the two or three parallel areas on a road which are divided by painted lines to keep traffic apart车道
→ bus lane → cycle lane
•That idiot changed lanes without signalling. 那个白痴没打灯就变道。
the inside/middle/outside lane
•Use the outside lane for overtaking only. 外侧车道仅限超车使用。
the fast/slow lane
•Cars in the fast lane were travelling at over 80 miles an hour. 快车道上的汽车时速超过80英里。
three-lane motorway/highway/road 三车道的高速公路/公路/道路
46
latest
/leɪtɪst,leɪtəst/
the most recent or the newest
最近的；最新的
•all the latest gossip 最近所有的流言蜚语
•His latest film is one of the funniest he’s ever made. 最新的这部影片是他最搞笑的电影之一。
latest 2 n.
1.the latest
informal the most recent or newest thing最新的东西
[+ in]
•Wednesday’s session was the latest in a series of planning meetings. 星期三的会议是最近的一次策划会议。
the latest in ... technology/equipment (=the most modern equipment)最新的…技术/设备
•using the latest in medical technology 使用最新的医疗技术
2.at the latest
no later than the time mentioned最迟，最晚
•I should be back by 11 o’clock at the latest. 我最迟11点会回来。
47
lifestyle
/'laɪfstaɪl/
the way a person or group of people live, including the place they live in, the things they own, the kind of job they do, and the activities they enjoy生活方式
•Regular exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle. 经常锻炼身体是健康生活方式的一部分。
lavish/comfortable/simple etc lifestyle
•They lead an extremely lavish lifestyle. 他们的生活穷奢极侈。
48
linger
/'lɪŋgə/
1.to continue to exist, be noticeable etc for longer than is usual or desirable继续存留〔较惯常或理想的时间长〕
•a taste that lingers in your mouth 口中的余味
•Unfortunately the tax will linger on until April. 不幸的是，这项税收要持续到4月份。
2.to stay somewhere a little longer, especially because you do not want to leave〔尤因不想离开而〕逗留，流连
THESAURUS stay
•I spent a week at Kandersteg and could happily have lingered on. 我在坎德施泰格逗留了一个星期，本来还可以开开心心地多待几天。
[+ over]
•They lingered over coffee and missed the last bus. 他们多喝了一会儿咖啡，错过了末班公共汽车。
3.[always + adv/prep] to continue looking at or dealing with something for longer than is usual or desirable
盯着〔某物〕；拖延〔某事〕，停留，磨蹭
[+ on/over]
•Mike let his eyes linger on her face. 迈克的目光在她的脸上徘徊。
•There’s no need to linger over this stage of the interview. 没有必要纠缠于访问的这个部分。
49
liposuction
/'lɪpəʊ‚sʌkʃən/
| a way of removing fat from someone’s body, using suction吸脂法，脂肪抽吸法
50
microwave
/'maɪkrəweɪv/
1.a type of oven that cooks food very quickly using very short electric waves instead of heat微波炉
•I’ll heat it up in the microwave. 我来把它用微波炉热一热。
2.a very short electric wave that is used in cooking food and sending messages by radio, and in radar微波
microwave 2 v. [T ]
to cook something in a microwave oven
用微波炉烹调
THESAURUS cook
•You can heat it up under the grill or microwave it. 你可以用烤架或微波炉把它热一热。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
microwaveable adj
•a new range of microwavable snacks 一系列可用微波炉加热的新品小吃
51
miracle
/'mɪrək ə l/
1.something very lucky or very good that happens which you did not expect to happen or did not think was possible意外的幸运事，不可思议的事；奇迹
•It’s a miracle you weren’t killed! 你没有死真是奇迹！
•By some miracle, we managed to catch the plane. 我们奇迹般地赶上了飞机。
•the economic miracle of the 1950s 20世纪50年代的经济奇迹
•She’s our miracle baby. 她是我们的奇迹宝宝。
small/minor miracle (=something lucky but not very important)幸事，小奇迹
•The fence’s survival in these winds seems like a minor miracle. 这么大的风，这些篱笆能不倒真是奇迹。
2.an action or event believed to be caused by God, which is impossible according to the ordinary laws of nature〔神创造的〕奇迹，神迹
•Do you believe in miracles? 你相信神迹吗？
3.miracle cure/drug
a very effective medical treatment that cures even serious diseases有奇效的疗法/药物
•There is no miracle cure for diabetes. 糖尿病没有特别有效的疗法。
52
mph
/‚em piː 'eɪtʃ/
(miles per hour) used to describe the speed of something, especially a vehicle or the wind
英里/小时〔尤用于车辆速度或风速〕
•high winds of up to 140 mph 时速高达140英里的大风
53
outlet
/'aʊtlet, -lɪt,'aʊtlet, -lət/
1.a way of expressing or getting rid of strong feelings
〔强烈情感的〕发泄途径[方法]
[+ for]
•Is football a good outlet for men’s aggression? 足球是男人宣泄好斗情绪的有效途径吗？
•an outlet for creativity 发挥创造力的一种途径
2.a shop, company, or organization through which products are sold 商店，商行；销售公司
•Benetton has retail outlets in every major European city. 贝纳通公司的零售店遍及欧洲各主要城市。
•a fast-food outlet 快餐店
a shop that sells things for less than the usual price, especially things from a particular company or things of a particular type 廉价经销店，〔尤指销售某公司或某类型产品的〕折扣店
3.a place on a wall where you can connect electrical equipment to the supply of electricity
〔墙上的〕电源插座
SYN power point AmE,BrE 【美】,【英】
→ see picture at 见 plug 1
54
overnight
/‚əʊvə'naɪt/
MEANINGS 义项
1.for or during the night夜里；在夜间
•Pam’s staying overnight at my house. 帕姆要在我家过夜。
2.suddenly or surprisingly quickly突然，一下子
•He became a millionaire overnight. 他一夜之间就成了百万富翁。
Do not talk about ‘an overnight’ because overnight is never a noun. It is either an adverb or an adjective. 不要说an overnight，因为overnight不是名词，而是副词或形容词。
happen/appear/change overnight
•Reputations are not changed overnight. 声誉不是一夜之间就能改变的。
o‧ver‧night 2 /'əʊvənaɪt,ˋovɚ͵naɪt/ adj.
英 /'əʊvənaɪt/
1.happening during the night or for the night
夜间的，晚上的；只供一夜的
•an overnight flight to Chicago 飞往芝加哥的夜间航班
•overnight accommodation in London 伦敦的一夜住宿
2.happening surprisingly quickly突然的，极快的
•The show was an overnight success. 这场演出一举成功。
•his overnight decision to become a vegetarian 他要做素食者的突然决定
55
pastoral
/'pɑːst ə rəl/
1.relating to the duties of a priest, minister etc towards the members of their religious group牧师的；牧师职责的
•his pastoral work among the congregation 他在教堂会众中的牧灵工作
2.literary typical of the simple peaceful life in the country
田园生活的；田园式的
•a charming pastoral scene 迷人的田园景象
3.relating to the duties of a teacher in advising students about their personal needs rather than their schoolwork
〔教师对学生〕生活辅导的，心理辅导的
•pastoral care at the school 学校的生活辅导
56
paycheck
/'pei'tʃek/
n.
[美国英语]付薪金用的支票；薪金，工资
57
predigested
/ˌpriːdaɪˈdʒɛst, -dɪ-/
| V to treat (food) artificially to aid subsequent digestion in the body 预先消化(人工处理食物使其易消化)
58
quality
/'kwɒlɪti,'kwɒləti/
pl: qualities
1.[C,U] how good or bad something is质，质量，品质
•Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多地的土质很差。
•Use only high quality ingredients. 只使用上等的材料。
[+ of]
•The quality of the water is reasonably good. 水质还算不错。
2.[C usually plural,一般用复数] something that people may have as part of their character, for example courage or intelligence素质；品德，品性
RELTD characteristic
•He shows strong leadership qualities. 他表现出很好的领导素质。
•the personal qualities necessary to be a successful salesman 成为成功的销售员所必需的个人素质
[+ of]
•the qualities of honesty and independence 诚实、独立的品性
3.[C] something that is typical of one thing and makes it different from other things, for example size, colour etc
特征，特点，特性
•the drug’s addictive quality 毒品令人上瘾的特性
[+ of]
•the physical and chemical qualities of the rock 岩石的物理特性和化学特性
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.ADJECTIVES/NOUN 形容词/名词 + quality
good/high 好的/高的
•I was impressed that the quality of their work was so high. 他们的工作质量很高，给我留下了深刻的印象。
poor/low 差的/低的
•The magazine is printed on low quality paper. 这本杂志的印刷纸张质量很差。
excellent/outstanding 极好的/出色的
•The T-shirts are only $10 and the quality is excellent. 这些T恤才十块钱，而且质量非常好。
superior(=good or better quality) 优质的
•These speakers offer superior quality sound. 这些扬声器音质优异。
top quality 最优质的
•Our chef uses only top quality ingredients. 我们的厨师只用顶级食材。
water/air quality 水质/空气质量
•Scientists took samples to test the water quality. 科学家取样化验水质。
sound quality 音质
picture quality 画质
2.VERBS 动词
improve/enhance the quality 提高质量
•The measures will improve the quality of the water in the river. 这些措施将会改善河水水质。
affect the quality 影响质量
•Lack of sleep started to affect the quality of his work. 睡眠不足开始影响他的工作质量。
test/check/monitor the quality 检验/检查/监督质量
•The equipment is used to monitor the city’s air quality. 这台设备用于监测城市的空气质量。
maintain the quality 保持质量
the quality goes up/down 质量提高/下降
the quality suffers(=it is badly affected by something) 质量受损
3.quality + NOUN 名词
quality standards 质量标准
•Greater investment is needed to meet the European Union’s strict quality standards. 为了达到欧盟严格的质量标准，需要更多投资。
COMMON ERRORS 常见错误
Do not say 不要说 ‘living quality’ or 或 ‘life quality’. Say 而要说 quality of life.
quality 2 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
1.[no comparative,无比较级] very good – used especially by people who are trying to sell something
优质的，非常好的〔尤用作推销语〕
•quality childcare at prices people can afford 人们负担得起的优质儿童护育服务
•quality double glazing 优质的双层玻璃
2.quality newspapers/press etc
newspapers etc intended for educated readers
高质量的[内容严肃的]报纸/报刊等
59
rack
/ræk/
1.a frame or shelf that has bars or hooks on which you can put things〔带有横档或钩子的〕架子，搁物架
→ luggage rack → roof-rack
•a wine rack 酒架
•a magazine rack 杂志架
2.the rack
a piece of equipment that was used in the past to make people suffer severe pain by stretching their bodies
拉肢刑架〔旧时一种酷刑刑具〕
•Thousands of people were tortured on the rack. 曾有数千人受过拉肢酷刑。
3.on the rack
informal in a very difficult situation处于困境[窘境]
•The company is now well and truly on the rack. 公司现在彻底陷入危机。
rack 2 v.
1.[T usually passive,一般用被动态] to make someone suffer great mental or physical pain
使〔精神或肉体〕遭受巨大痛苦
•Great sobs racked her body . 她哭得全身抽搐。
be racked by/with sth
•Her face was racked with pain. 她痛得脸都变形了。
•Liza was racked by guilt. 莉莎深感内疚。
2.rack your brains
to try very hard to remember or think of something
绞尽脑汁；冥思苦想
•I racked my brains, trying to remember his name. 我绞尽脑汁想记起他的名字。
PHRVB 短语动词
rack sth ←→ upphr v
to get a number or amount of something, especially a number of points in a competition
取得〔数目或数量〕；〔尤指比赛〕得〔分〕
•He racked up 41 points. 他得了41分。
60
rear
/rɪə/
1.the rear
formal the back part of an object, vehicle, or building, or a position at the back of an object or area
〔物体、车辆或建筑物的〕后部；〔物体或区域的〕后面
OPP front
at/to the rear (of sth)
•a garden at the rear of the house 屋后的花园
•The hotel overlooks the river to the rear. 酒店后面俯视这条河。
in the rear (of sth)
•a passenger travelling in the rear of a car 坐在汽车后部的乘客
2.[C] informal the part of your body which you sit on
屁股；臀部
SYN bottom 【非正式】
3.bring up the rear
to be at the back of a line of people or in a race
落在队尾；居末；殿后
•Carole was left to bring up the rear. 卡萝尔被落在最后。
rear 2 v.
1.[T] to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown养育，抚养〔孩子〕；饲养〔动物〕
SYN raise
•It’s a good place to rear young children. 这地方非常适合抚养小孩子成长。
•The birds have been successfully reared in captivity. 这些鸟笼养成功。
2.[I] if an animal rears, it rises up to stand on its back legs
〔动物〕用后腿直立起来
RELTD buck
•The horse reared and threw me off. 那匹马扬起前蹄，把我摔了下来。
3.[I] if something rears up, it appears in front of you and often seems to be leaning over you in a threatening way
赫然耸立
•A large rock, almost 200 feet high, reared up in front of them. 一块近200英尺高的巨岩赫然耸立在他们面前。
rear 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
at or near the back of something, especially a vehicle
〔尤指车辆〕后面的；后部的
OPP front
•the rear door of the car 汽车的后门
•Knock at the rear entrance. 敲后门。
61
reduce
/rɪ'djuːs/
1.[T] to make something smaller or less in size, amount, or price缩小；减少；降低
RELTD reduction
SYN cut
•The governor announced a new plan to reduce crime. 州长宣布了一项降低犯罪率的新计划。
•The helmet law should reduce injuries in motorcycle accidents. 头盔法的实施应该能减少摩托车事故的受伤率。
•Small businesses will need to reduce costs in order to survive. 小企业要想生存必须削减成本。
reduce sth by sth
•The workforce has been reduced by half. 职工人数已减少一半。
reduce sth (from sth) to sth
•All the shirts were reduced to £10. 所有衬衫都减价至10英镑。
•The new bridge should reduce travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes. 这座新桥应该能将行程从50分钟缩减到15分钟。
2.[I,T] if you reduce a liquid, or if it reduces, you boil it so that there is less of it〔煮沸液体以〕（使）浓缩
3.[I] to become thinner by losing weight
减肥
RELTD diet
THESAURUS 词语辨析
TO REDUCE PRICES, NUMBERS, OR AMOUNTS 降低价格、减少数字或数量
1.reduce 降低〔价格〕；减少〔数量〕；缩小〔尺寸〕
to make the price, amount, or size of something less or smaller
•The price was reduced by 50%. 价格降了50%。
•We need to reduce the amount of salt in our diet. 我们需要减少饮食中盐的含量。
2.cut 削减〔尤指大量减少价格、成本、工作岗位或时间〕
to reduce something, especially by a large amount – used about prices, costs, jobs, or the time needed to do something
•Companies are always looking for ways to cut costs. 公司总是在想方设法削减成本。
•The journey time will be cut to under 2 hours. 行程将缩短到两小时内。
PHRVB 短语动词
reduce sb/sth to sthphr v
reduce sb to tears/silence etc to make someone cry, be silent etc使某人流泪/沉默等
•She was reduced to tears in front of her students. 她在学生面前流下了眼泪。
reduce sb to doing sth to make someone do something they would rather not do, especially when it involves behaving or living in a way that is not as good as before
迫使某人做某事；使某人沦落到某种地步
•Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets. 最后夏洛特沦落到沿街乞讨。
reduce sth to ashes/rubble/ruins to destroy something, especially a building, completely
把某物〔尤指建筑物〕化为灰烬/变成瓦砾/夷为废墟等
•A massive earthquake reduced the city to rubble. 一场大地震把这座城市夷为废墟。
to change something into a shorter simpler form
简化
•Many jobs can be reduced to a few simple points. 许多工作都可以概括成简单的几点。
62
refresh
/rɪ'freʃ/
1.[T] to make someone feel less tired or less hot
使恢复精力，使提神；使清凉
•A shower will refresh you. 洗个淋浴你就凉快了。
refresh yourself (with sth)
•He refreshed himself with a glass of iced tea. 他喝了杯冰茶提了提神。
2.refresh sb’s memory
to make someone remember something
使某人想起，唤起某人的记忆
•I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the route. 我看看地图，回忆这条路线。
3.refresh sb’s drink
to add more of an alcoholic drink to someone’s glass
给某人添酒
SYN top sb up AmE,BrE 【美】,【英】
•Can I refresh your drink? 我给你再加点酒好吗？
DERIVATIVE 派生词
refreshed adj
•Jen returned from vacation feeling relaxed and refreshed. 珍度假归来，感到轻轻松松、神清气爽。
63
relief
/rɪ'liːf/
1.COMFORT 安慰
[singular,单数, U] a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened
宽慰，宽心；〔恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的〕轻松
RELTD relieve
•I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness. 我如释重负，大感欣慰。
•No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of relief . 没有人受伤，我们都松了一口气。
with relief
•He watched with relief as the girl nodded. 他看到女孩点头，就放心了。
in relief
•He laughed in relief. 他放心地笑了。
it is a relief to see/have/know etc sth
•I hate to say it, but it was a relief to have him out of the house. 我不想这么说，但是他不在家里确实让我很轻松。
to sb’s relief
•To my relief, they spoke English. 让我宽心的是他们说英语。
what a relief/that’s a relief
•The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief! 医生说只是流感。 终于放心了！
2.REDUCTION OF PAIN 疼痛减轻
[U] when something reduces someone’s pain or unhappy feelings〔疼痛或不快的〕减轻；缓解
•Marijuana can provide pain relief for some cancer patients. 大麻可以为一些癌症患者减轻疼痛。
[+ of]
•the relief of suffering 痛苦减轻
[+ from]
•The cool room provided relief from the terrible heat outdoors. 这个凉爽的房间可以挡一挡户外的酷热。
3.HELP 帮助
[U] money, food, clothes etc given to people who are poor or hungry救济品
•money raised for the relief effort 为赈灾筹集的钱款
disaster/famine/flood etc relief
•famine relief for victims of the drought 为旱灾灾民提供的饥荒救济品
→ tax relief
64
revitalize
/riː'vaɪt ə laɪz/
also 又作 -ise
to put new strength or power into something
使恢复元气，给…注入新的活力
RELTD revive
•They hope to revitalize the neighborhood by providing better housing. 他们希望通过提供更好的住房条件使这个社区恢复活力。
•a revitalizing massage 让人恢复精神的按摩
DERIVATIVE 派生词
revitalization n /ri͵vaɪtḷəˋzeʃən ; riː‚vaɪt ə laɪ'zeɪʃ ə n / [U]
65
route
/ruːt/
1.a way from one place to another路线
•the most direct route home 最直接的回家路线
[+ to/from]
•What’s the best route to Cambridge? 到剑桥的最佳路线怎么走？
take/follow a route (=use a route)走某条路线
•We weren’t sure about which route we should take. 我们拿不准应该走哪条路线。
2.a way between two places that buses, planes, ships etc regularly travel〔交通工具的〕固定路线
bus/air/shipping etc route
•Is your office on a bus route? 你的办公室在公共汽车线上吗？
cycle route (=a way between two places that only people on bicycles can use)自行车道
3.a way of doing something or achieving a particular result途径，方法
•Kennedy arrived at the same conclusion by a different route. 肯尼迪用不同的方法得出了同样的结论。
[+ to]
•the surest route to disaster 必定会酿成大祸的做法
route 2 v. [T ] AC
to send something somewhere using a particular route
按特定路线运送
→ re-route
route sth through/via sth
•They had to route the goods through Germany. 他们必须经由德国运送这些货物。
66
salad
/'sæləd/
1.a mixture of raw vegetables, especially lettuce , cucumber , and tomato色拉
•Would you like some salad with your pasta? 你的意大利面要配些色拉吗？
•a spinach salad 菠菜色拉
toss a salad (=mix it all together, usually with a dressing)拌色拉
2.raw or cooked food cut into small pieces and served cold凉拌菜
fruit/potato salad 水果/马铃薯色拉
67
scale
/skeɪl/
1.SIZE/LEVEL 大小/程度
[singular,单数, U] the size or level of something, or the amount that something is happening
规模，范围，程度
•A structural survey revealed the full scale of the damage. 结构检验揭示了实际受损程度。
•I was shocked by the sheer scale (= very big scale ) of the destruction. 破坏程度之大让我大为震惊。
•Large firms benefit from economies of scale (= ways of saving money because they are big ) . 大公司从规模经济中得益。
[+ of]
•We had underestimated the scale of the problem. 我们低估了问题的严重性。
on a large/small/grand etc scale
•There has been housing development on a massive scale since 1980. 自1980年以来一直在大规模地进行住宅开发。
•Most alternative technologies work best on a small scale. 大多数替代性技术小规模使用效果最佳。
on a global/international/world scale
•Pollution could cause changes to weather patterns on a global scale. 污染会引起全球气候模式的改变。
2.RANGE 范围
[C usually singular,一般用单数] a whole range of different types of people or things, from the lowest level to the highest等级，级别
•Some rural schools have 50 pupils, while at the other end of the scale are city schools with nearly 5,000 pupils. 某些农村学校只有50名学生，而规模大的城市学校却有近5,000名学生。
•animals which are lower down the evolutionary scale 进化级别中较低等的动物
up/down the scale
•She gradually made her way up the social scale . 她的社会地位逐渐提升。
3.scales
FOR WEIGHING 用于称重 scale
[plural,复数] a machine for weighing people or objects
秤；磅秤
→ at 见 tip 2 → see picture at 见 measure 2
•a set of kitchen scales 一套厨房用秤
•some new bathroom scales 一些新的浴室秤
scale 2 v. [T ]
1.to climb to the top of something that is high and difficult to climb攀登•
Rescuers had to scale a 300-metre cliff to reach the injured climber. 救援人员要登上300公尺的悬崖才能到达受伤的登山者所在地点。
2.technical to make writing or a picture the right size for a particular purpose改变〔文字、图片〕的尺寸大小，缩放
scale sth to sth
•The writing can be scaled to any size, depending on the paper. 文字可缩放到任何尺寸，视纸张的大小而定。
3.scale the heights
to be extremely successful登上事业的顶峰
•By the age of 21, he had already scaled the heights in the academic world. 他在21岁时就已登上学术界的高峰。
PHRVB 短语动词
scale sth ←→ down/backphr v
1.to reduce the amount or size of something缩减，缩小
•The emergency aid programme has now been scaled down. 紧急救援计划现在已经缩减了规模。
scale sth ←→ upphr v
1.to increase the amount or size of something
增加，扩大
•Production at the factory is being scaled up. 这家工厂的生产规模在扩大。
68
scenery
/'siːnəri/
1.the natural features of a particular part of a country that you can see, such as mountains, forests, deserts etc
风景，景色
THESAURUS countryside
•The best part of the trip was the fantastic scenery. 此次旅行最精彩之处就是那美妙绝伦的风景。
2.the painted background, furniture etc used on a theatre stage舞台布景
SYN set
69
screen
/skriːn/
1.TELEVISION/COMPUTER 电视机/计算机
[C] the part of a television or computer where the picture or information appears屏幕，荧光屏
RELTD monitor
•a computer with an 18-inch colour screen 带18英寸彩色屏幕的电脑
•He went on staring at the TV screen . 他继续盯着电视屏幕看。
on (a) screen
•Her picture appeared on the screen. 她的照片出现在屏幕上。
•It’s easy to change the text on screen before printing it. 打印之前在屏幕上修改文本是很方便的。
2.FILM 电影
[C] the large white surface that pictures are shown on in a cinema 银幕，屏幕
•He was horrified at some of the images he saw on the screen. 从屏幕上看到的一些图像让他感到很恐怖。
[singular] films in general 电影〔总称〕
•This is the first time the play has been adapted for the big screen (= films ) . 这个剧本首次改编成电影。
•a star of stage and screen 戏剧、电影双栖明星
•a well-known screen actor 著名的电影演员
on screen
•his first appearance on screen 他在电影屏幕上的首次亮相
3.MOVABLE WALL 活动屏障
[C] a piece of furniture like a thin wall that can be moved around and is used to divide one part of a room from another屏风
•There was a screen around his bed. 他的床围着屏风。
screen 2 v. [T ]
1.TEST FOR ILLNESS 检查疾病
to do tests on a lot of people to find out whether they have a particular illness筛查，检查
•All women over 50 will be regularly screened. 所有50岁以上女性都将定期接受检查。
screen sb for sth
•It is now possible to screen babies for diabetes. 现在可以给婴儿作糖尿病筛查了。
2.HIDE STH 隐藏某物
if something screens something else, it is in front of it and hides it隐藏，遮蔽，隐蔽
screen sth from sth
•A line of trees screened the house from the road. 一排树木把这幢房子遮蔽起来，从马路上看不见。
3.FILM/TELEVISION 电影/电视
to show a film or television programme
放映〔影片〕；播放〔电视节目〕
•The film is being screened around the country. 这部电影正在全国放映。
•The match will be screened live on television. 这场比赛将在电视上直播。
PHRVB 短语动词
screen sth ←→ offphr v
1.to separate one part of a room from the rest by putting a thin temporary wall or a curtain across it把…隔开
•The back part of the room had been screened off. 房间后部被隔开了。
screen sth ←→ outphr v
1.to prevent something harmful from passing through
挡住〔有害物〕，把…隔开
•Sun lotions screen out damaging ultraviolet light. 防晒霜可以隔离有害的紫外线。
2.to remove people or things that are not acceptable or not suitable剔除，清除〔不可接受或不合适者〕
•An answering service can screen out nuisance calls. 应答服务可以挡掉骚扰电话。
70
skim
/skɪm/
pp: skimmed pt: skimmed pres part: skimming
1.[T] to remove something from the surface of a liquid, especially floating fat, solids, or oil
撇去〔液体表面的浮油或固体物质〕
skim sth off/from sth
•After simmering the meat, skim the fat from the surface. 把肉用文火炖过后再撇去表面的油脂。
2.[I,T] to read something quickly to find the main facts or ideas in it略读，浏览〔以找出主要信息〕
SYN scan
•Julie skimmed the sports page. 朱莉浏览了体育版。
[+ through/over]
•Just skim through the second section to save time. 为了节省时间，第二节就浏览一下吧。
3.[T] to move along quickly over a surface, never touching it or not touching it often掠过，擦过
•seagulls skimming the waves 掠过浪尖的海鸥
[+ over/along/across]
•The ball skimmed across the grass and stopped against the wall. 球掠过草地，在墙边停了下来。
PHRVB 短语动词
skim sb/sth ←→ offphr v
to take the best people or the best part of something for yourself挑走〔最优秀的人〕；选取〔精华〕
•Professional sport skims off all the best players. 职业体育运动把最优秀的选手都挑走了。
to take money illegally or dishonestly
捞走〔钱〕
•For years his business partner had been skimming off the profits. 他的生意伙伴多年来一直在私吞利润。
71
slide
/slaɪd/
pp: slid pt: slid
1.[I,T] to move smoothly over a surface while continuing to touch it, or to make something move in this way
（使）滑行，（使）滑动
→ see picture at 见 slip 1
•He slid open the door of the glass cabinet. 他滑开玻璃柜的门。[+ along/across/down etc]
•Francesca slid across the ice. 弗朗西丝卡从冰面上滑过。
slide sth across/along etc
•He opened the oven door and slid the pan of cookies in. 他打开烤箱门，把甜饼烤盘滑了进去。
2.[I,T always + adv/prep] to move somewhere quietly and smoothly, or to move something in this way
（使）悄悄移到；（使）悄悄移动
•She slid into the driver’s seat. 她偷偷溜进驾驶座。
[+ into/out of etc]
•Daniel slid out of the room when no one was looking. 丹尼尔趁没人看见，偷偷溜出了房间。
slide sth into/out of etc sth
•He slid the gun into his pocket. 他悄悄地把枪滑进口袋。
3.[I] if prices, amounts, rates etc slide, they become lower
〔价格等〕下滑，下跌
OPP rise
SYN drop
THESAURUS decrease
•Stocks slid a further 3% on the major markets today. 今天主板市场上的股票价格继续下滑了 3%。
slide 2 n. [C ] S3
1.FOR CHILDREN 儿童用的
a large structure with steps leading to the top of a long sloping surface which children can slide down滑梯
2.DECREASE 下降
[usually singular,一般用单数] a decrease in prices, amounts etc〔价格、数量等的〕下降，跌落，减少
OPP rise
[+ in]
•the current slide in house prices 房价目前的下跌
on the slide
•The company’s shares were on the slide again yesterday, down 7p at 339p. 公司股票昨天再次下跌，跌7便士，收盘报339便士。
3.PICTURE 图片
a small piece of film in a frame that you shine a light through to show a picture on a screen or wall幻灯片
•a slide show 幻灯片放映
72
speed
/spiːd/
MEANINGS 义项
1.OF MOVEMENT 运动的
[C,U] the rate at which something moves or travels
速度，速率
•The truck was travelling at a speed of 50 mph. 卡车正以 50 英里的时速在行驶。
•particles that travel at the speed of light 以光速运动的粒子
2.OF ACTION 行动的
[C,U] the rate at which something happens or is done
〔事件发生或进行的〕速度
•a high-speed computer 一台高速电脑
•
The population was growing at great speed. 人口在快增长。
[+ of]
•the speed of change within the industry 该行业内部的变革速度
3.FAST 快速的
[U] the quality of being fast快，快速
•The women’s basketball team has talent, speed, and power. 这支女子篮球队天赋、速度和力量兼备。
with speed
•She acted with speed and efficiency. 她的行动快速有效。
at speed
•a van travelling at speed 快速行驶的小 货车
→ at 见 full →full speed/steam ahead at 见 full18
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配 – MEANINGS 义项 1 & 2
1.VERBS 动词
increase your speed 增加速度
•He increased his speed until he was running flat out. 他不停加速,直到全速奔跑。
gain/gather/pick up speed(=go faster) 加速
•The Mercedes was gradually picking up speed. 那辆梅赛德斯逐渐加速。
reach a speed 达到某速度
•The trains will reach speeds of 140 mph. 火车时速将可以达到每小时140英里。
maintain a speed(=keep the same speed) 保持速度
•The aircraft is designed to maintain a steady speed. 飞机被设计得可以定速飞行。
reduce speed(=slow down deliberately) 〔有意地〕减速
•She reduced speed as she approached the village. 她快到村子的时候放慢了速度。
lose speed(=slow down without wanting to) 〔无意地〕减速
2.ADJECTICVES/NOUN 形容词/名词+ speed
an average speed 平均速度
•Our average speed was 88 mph. 我们的平均速度是每小时88英里。
a constant/steady speed 恒定/稳定的速度
•The disc revolves at a constant speed. 光碟以恒定速度旋转。
a top/maximum speed(=the highest possible) 最高速度
•The car has a top speed of 132 mph. 这车最高时速是132英里。
wind speed(=the speed of the wind) 风速
air speed(=the speed of a plane in relation to the air around it) 空速
3.PHRASES 短语
at high/great speed 以高速
•The train was travelling at high speed. 列车正在高速行驶。
at low/slow speed 以低速
•Even at low speed, an accident could mean serious injury for a child. 即使是低速行驶,交通事故也可能会使孩子受重伤。
at full speed(=running, driving etc as fast as possible) 以全速
•He ran past us at full speed. 他全速从我们身边跑过。
at/with lightning speed(=very quickly) 以闪电般的速度
at breakneck speed(=very quickly) 以不要命的速度
显示更多
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually talk about how fast something or someone is rather than using the noun speed . 在日常英语中表示多快, 人们一般说 fast, 而不用名词 speed
speed 2 v.
pp: sped speeded pt: sped speeded
1.[I always + adv/prep] to go quickly快行，疾走
•The car sped along the dusty highway. 汽车在尘土飞扬的公路上疾驰。
2.[T always + adv/prep] to take someone or something somewhere very quickly快速运送
•An ambulance sped her to the hospital. 一辆救护车把她快速送往医院。
3.be speeding
to be driving faster than the legal limit超速驾驶
•I got caught speeding on the A40 yesterday. 昨天我在 A40 号干线公路上超速行驶被逮到。
PHRVB 短语动词
speed byphr v
1.if time speeds by, it seems to pass very quickly
〔时间〕很快地过去，飞逝
•The weeks sped by and soon it was time to go back to school. 几个星期转眼过去，很快又要开学了。
speed upphr v
1.to move or happen faster, or to make something move or happen faster（使）加快速度
•The truck speeded up going down the hill. 卡车在下山时加快了速度。
speed sth ←→ up
•The new system will speed up the registration process.这个新系统将加快注册过程。
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spicy
```
/'spaɪsi/
1.food that is spicy has a pleasantly strong taste, and gives you a pleasant burning feeling in your mouth
〔食物〕加有香料的；辛辣的
RELTD spice
SYN hot
THESAURUS taste
•a spicy tomato sauce 辣番茄酱
2.a story or picture that is spicy is slightly shocking or rude because it tells about or shows something relating to sex〔故事或图片〕色情的，粗俗的
```
74
stuff
/stʌf/
1.THINGS 事物
informal used when you are talking about things such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are
东西；物品〔用于事物名称不详或不重要时〕
•I’ve got some sticky stuff on my shoe. 我鞋子上有什么黏糊糊的东西。
•How do you think you’re going to fit all that stuff into the car? 你说这么多东西你怎么装进车里？
•I felt sorry for the ones who had to eat the awful stuff. 我很同情那些只能吃这种难吃东西的人。
•Where’s all the camping stuff? 野营用的东西都在哪儿？
2.sb’s stuff
informal the things that belong to someone
某人的物品，某人的所有物
•Did you get the rest of your stuff? 你的其他东西都拿了吗？
3.ACTIVITIES/IDEAS 活动/想法
informal used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are活动，事情
•What kind of stuff do you like to read? 你喜欢读什么样的书？
•I’ve got so much stuff to do this weekend. 我这个周末有好多事情要做。
•There’s a lot of interesting stuff in this book. 这本书里有很多有趣的东西。
•He’s talked to me about all that stuff too. 那些事情他也都对我说了。
•He does mountain biking and skiing, and stuff like that . 他从事山地自行车、滑雪之类的运动。
→ at 见 bit →bit of stuff at 见 bit14 → at 见 kid →kid’s stuff at 见 kid4 → at 见 know →know your stuff at 见 know5 → at 见 strut →strut your stuff at 见 strut2
GRAMMAR 语法
Stuff is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it. stuff是不可数名词,没有复数形式,后接单数动词
•Most of my stuff is still in packing cases. 我的东西大多还在包装箱里。
stuff 2 v. [T ]
1.PUSH 推
[always + adv/prep] to push or put something into a small space, especially in a quick careless way填，塞
SYN shove
THESAURUS push
stuff sth into/in/up sth
•She stuffed two more sweaters into her bag. 她又往她的袋子里塞了两件毛线衫。
2FILL 装满
to fill something until it is full填满，装满
THESAURUS fill•
Volunteers were busy stuffing envelopes. 志愿者正忙着装信封。
•boxes stuffed full of papers 装满文件的箱子
be stuffed with sth
•a pillow stuffed with feathers 用羽毛填充的枕头
3.FOOD 食物
to fill a chicken, pepper etc with a mixture of bread or rice, onion etc before cooking it
给〔鸡、甜椒等〕填馅，填料于〔食物〕
75
subtle
/'sʌtl/
comp: subtler more subtle superl: subtlest
1.not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention难以察觉[理解]的；微妙的，细微的
OPP obvious
•The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them. 这些图片很相似，但它们之间有细微的差别。
•The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored. 这种疾病的警示征兆不易察觉，因而往往被忽视。
•a subtle form of racism 隐性的种族歧视
•The dish had a subtle hint of ginger. 这道菜微微带点姜的味道。
subtle taste/flavour/smell etc
•The flavour of the dried berries is more subtle. 浆果干的味道要淡一些。
2.behaving in a skilful and clever way, especially using indirect methods or language to hide what you are trying to do含蓄的，隐晦的
•I think we need a more subtle approach. 我认为我们需要采用一种更含蓄的方式。
•a subtle plan 巧妙的计划
[+ about]
•She wasn’t very subtle about it. She just said she didn’t love him any more. 她没有拐弯抹角，直说不再爱他了。
3.very clever in noticing and understanding things
敏感的，敏锐的；有辨识力的
RELTD sensitive
•a subtle mind 敏锐的头脑
DERIVATIVE 派生词
subtly adv
•a subtly different colour 有细微差别的颜色
76
superficially
```
superficially
adv.表面地；浅薄地
superficial的变形
superficial /,sju:pə'fiʃəl/
adj.
1.表面的，外部的；外表的
2.表皮的
3.表面上的；表面性的
n.
1.[the superficial]浅薄的人;表面文章
2.[用复数]表面，外表；外部
```
77
symbolically
adv. 象征性地；象征意义地
78
symphony
```
/'sɪmfəni/
pl: symphonies
1.a long piece of music usually in four parts, written for an orchestra交响乐，交响曲
•Bruckner’s Fifth Symphony 布鲁克纳的《第五交响曲》
2.a large group of classical musicians led by a conductor
交响乐团
DERIVATIVE 派生词
symphonic adj /sɪmˋfɑnɪk ; sɪm'fɒnɪk /
```
79
theme
/θiːm/
1.SUBJECT 主题
the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film etc主题
•The book’s theme is the conflict between love and duty. 本书的主题是爱与责任之间的冲突。
•Nature is a recurrent theme (= a theme that appears repeatedly ) in Frost’s poetry. 大自然是弗罗斯特诗作中反复出现的一个主题。
•Most of Kurt’s other pictures were variations on the same theme . 库尔特的其他大部分画作都是同一主题的变奏。
main/central/major etc theme
•Campbell has made health care a central theme in his campaign. 坎贝尔在竞选活动中把医疗保健作为中心主题。
2.theme music/song/tune
music or a song that is often played during a film or musical play, or at the beginning and end of a television or radio programme主题音乐/主题歌/主题曲
•the theme song from ‘The Brady Bunch’ 《欢乐家庭》的主题曲
3.REPEATED TUNE 重复的曲调
a short simple tune that is repeated and developed in a piece of music主调；主旋律
•Freia’s theme in Wagner’s opera 瓦格纳歌剧中的弗莱雅主旋律
80
tour
/tʊə/
1.a journey for pleasure, during which you visit several different towns, areas etc〔观光〕旅游，旅行
THESAURUS journey
→ package tour
•We met on a coach tour in Italy. 我们是在意大利乘长途客车旅游时相识的。
[+ of/around/round]
•a 10-day tour of China 中国十日游
a walking/cycling/sightseeing etc tour
•a cycling tour of Cornwall 康沃尔骑车游
2.a short trip through a place to see it短暂的〕参观，游览
•Kim worked as a tour guide in Cambridge last summer. 金去年夏天在剑桥当导游。
[+ of/around/round]
•a guided tour around the Kennedy Space Center 肯尼迪航天中心的导游陪同参观
3.a planned journey made by musicians, a sports team etc in order to perform or play in several places
巡回演出；巡回比赛
•the first leg of the band’s European tour 乐队在欧洲巡回演出的第一站
[+ of]
•the England cricket team’s tour of India 英格兰板球队在印度的巡回比赛
on tour
•The Moscow Symphony Orchestra is here on tour. 莫斯科交响乐团来这里进行巡回演出。
tour 2 v.
1.[I,T] to visit several parts of a country or area
旅游，游历，观光
THESAURUS travel
•We’re touring the Greek islands this summer. 我们今年夏天去希腊的海岛旅游。
2.[T] to go round or be shown round a place巡视；参观
•
81
turnpike
/'tɜːnpaɪk/
a large road for fast traffic that drivers have to pay to use〔需要付费的〕高速公路
•the New Jersey Turnpike 新泽西付费高速公路
pike n. 通行费；矛；梭子鱼；尖头；收费道路
vt. 用矛刺穿
n. (Pike)人名；(德)皮克；(英)派克
[网络] 长矛；狗鱼
82
urge
/ɜːdʒ/
1.to strongly suggest that someone does something
竭力主张；强烈要求；敦促
THESAURUS advise recommend
•The charity urged quick action. 慈善机构敦促迅速采取行动。
urge sb to do sth
•I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. 我收到莫伊拉的一封短信，一定要我保持联系。
urge that
•He urged that a referendum should be held by December. 他力主 12 月之前举行一次全民投票。
urge sth on/upon sb
•I have urged upon him the need for extreme secrecy. 我坚决要他绝对保密。
2.[ always + adv/prep ] formal to make someone or something move by shouting, pushing them etc
推进；驱策
urge sb/sth forward
•He urged her forward, his hand under her elbow. 他托着她的胳膊肘，推她往前走。
urge sb into/towards sth
•She began urging him towards the front door. 她开始把他往前门推。
PHRVB 短语动词
urge sb ←→ onphr v
to encourage a person or animal to work harder, go faster etc激励〔某人〕；驱策〔动物〕
•Urged on by the crowd, the Italian team scored two more goals. 受到观众的激励，意大利队又进了两球。
urge 2 n. [C ]
a strong wish or need
强烈的欲望；迫切的要求；冲动
SYN desire
urge to do sth
•He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda. 他再也抑制不住去看阿曼达的冲动。
•Suddenly she had an overwhelming urge to be with her son. 突然，她有一种无法抗拒的冲动，要和儿子在一起。
83
VCR
(video cassette recorder) a machine you use to record television programmes or play videotapes
录像机
84
version
/'vɜːʃən/
1.a copy of something that has been changed so that it is slightly different版本；变体
•the human version of mad cow disease 疯牛病的人类变体
[+ of]
•a new version of the software 这个软件的新版本
new/modern/final etc version
•the original version of the text 文本的原文
English/German/electronic/film etc version (=presented in a different language or form)英语/德语/电子/电影等版本
•a Japanese version of an English play 一部英国戏剧的日语版
•I think I preferred the television version. 我觉得我更喜欢电视版。
2.someone’s version of an event is their description of it, when this is different from the description given by another person
〔某人对于某件事不同于其他人的〕描述，说法
•Could Donna’s version of what happened that night be correct? 唐娜对那晚发生的事情的描述是否正确呢？
[+ of]
•according to the official version of events 根据官方对事件的说法
3.the ... version of sth
a way of explaining or doing something that is typical of a particular group or period of time
〔某一群体或某一时期〕[解释做]某事的方式
•Is the coffee break the adult version of recess? 工间喝咖啡是成人的休息方式吗？
[+ of]
•the Marxist version of economics 马克思主义对经济学的诠释
85
wander
/'wɒndə/
1.WITHOUT DIRECTION 无方向地
[I,T] to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or purpose
徘徊，闲逛；漫步于
SYN walk
•She wandered aimlessly about the house. 她漫无目的地在房子里走来走去。
•Ana wandered off to get a drink. 安娜溜达着去弄了一杯喝的。
•He was found wandering the streets of New York. 有人看到他在纽约街头游荡。
[+ in/through/around etc]
•I’ll wander around the mall for half an hour. 我会在商场里逛半小时。
2.MOVE AWAY 离开
[I] to walk away from where you are supposed to stay
〔从应该逗留的地方〕离开
•Don’t let any of the kids wander off. 不要让任何一个小孩走开去。
3.MIND/THOUGHTS 心思/思想
[I] if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you no longer pay attention to something, especially because you are bored or worried〔因厌倦或焦虑而注意力〕不集中，走神
•Mrs Snell’s mind wandered and the voices went on and on. 斯内尔太太走神了，而说话声依然不绝于耳。
wander 2 n. [singular 单数]
a short relaxed walk
漫步；闲逛
SYN stroll 【英】
take/go for/have a wander
•I had a bit of a wander round the shops. 我逛了一会儿商店。
86
hook
/hʊk/
1.HANGING THINGS 挂东西
a curved piece of metal or plastic that you use for hanging things on挂钩，吊钩
RELTD peg
•Tom hung his coat on the hook behind the door. 汤姆把外套挂在门后的衣钩上。
2.CATCHING FISH 钓鱼
a curved piece of thin metal with a sharp point for catching fish鱼钩，钓钩
→ see picture at 见 fishing
3.let/get sb off the hook
to allow someone or help someone to get out of a difficult situation让/帮某人脱离困境
•I wasn’t prepared to let her off the hook that easily. 我不愿意如此轻易地放过她。
→ boat hook → curtain hook → at 见 sling →sling your hook at 见 sling4
hook 2 v. [T ] S3
1.FISH 鱼
to catch a fish with a hook钓〔鱼〕
•I hooked a 20-pound salmon last week. 我上周钓到一条20磅重的鲑鱼。
2.FASTEN 固定
[always + adv/prep] to fasten or hang something onto something else
把…固定在；吊，挂
hook sth onto/to sth
•Just hook the bucket onto the rope and lower it down. 只要把桶拴在绳子上往下送就可以了。
3.BEND YOUR FINGER/ARM ETC 屈起手指/手臂等
[always + adv/prep] to bend your finger, arm, or leg, especially so that you can pull or hold something else
〔用手指、手臂或腿〕钩，绕
•Ruth hooked her arm through Tony’s. 露丝挽住了托尼的手臂。
•He tried to hook his leg over the branch. 他试图用腿钩住树枝。
PHRVB 短语动词
hook up with sb/sthphr vespecially AmE
undefined
to start having a sexual relationship with someone
勾搭上，与…开始性关系
•undefined
to meet someone and become friendly with them跟…交往
•Do you ever hook up with Maisy while you were there?
to agree to work together with another organization for a particular purpose
与…挂钩〔指与某个组织合作〕
•undefined
hook sb up with sth to help someone get something that they need or want
帮助某人获得某物
•Do you think you can hook me up with some tickets for tonight? 你看能不能帮我弄几张今晚的票？
87
fix
英 /fɪks/
1.REPAIR 修理
[T] to repair something that is broken or not working properly
修理
THESAURUS repair
•He’s outside fixing the brakes on the car. 他在外面修理汽车的刹车。
•Ellis was able to quickly find and fix the problem. 埃利斯马上就找到并解决了问题。
2.LIMIT 限制
[T]
to decide on a limit for something, especially prices, costs etc, so that they do not change 确定，决定〔价格、成本等〕
fix sth at sth
•The interest rate has been fixed at 6.5%. 利率已经定为6.5%。
•Rent was fixed at $1,750 per month. 租金定为每月1,750美元。
if two or more companies fix the price for a particular product or service, they secretly agree on the price they will charge for it, in order to keep the price high and make more profit. This practice is illegal. 操纵〔价格〕
•The government accused the two companies of fixing petrol prices. 政府指控那两家公司操纵汽油价格。
3.fix a time/date/place etc
to decide on a particular time etc when something will happen
确定时间/日期/地点等
•Have you fixed a date for the wedding yet? 你确定婚礼的日期了吗？
PHRVB 短语动词
fix on sb/sthphr v
1.to choose a suitable thing or person, especially after thinking about it carefully
〔尤指经过认真考虑后〕选定，确定
•We’ve finally fixed on a place to have the concert. 我们终于定好了举行音乐会的地点。
fix sb/sth ←→ upphr v
1.to arrange a meeting, event etc
安排〔会议、活动等〕
•I fixed up an interview with him. 我安排了一次对他的采访。
•We’ll have to fix up a time to meet. 我们得安排一个见面的时间。
2.to decorate or repair a room or building
装修，修整〔房间或建筑物〕
•We fixed up the guest bedroom before he came to stay. 我们在他来住之前收拾了客房。
3.to provide someone with something they want
供给，提供
•Can you fix me up with a bed for the night?你能弄张床让我过夜吗？
4.to find a suitable romantic partner for someone
为…找〔情侣〕，为…介绍〔对象〕
•I asked my best friend to fix me up with someone.我叫我最要好的朋友给我找个对象。
fix 2 n.
1.[C] something that solves a problem
解决方法
•Robinson called the proposal a quick fix (= a temporary or easy solution ) of limited value. 鲁宾逊称那项提议只是个权宜之计，意义不大。
2.(be) in a fix
to have a problem that is difficult to solve
陷入困境
SYN (be) in a mess
•We’re going to be in a real fix if we miss that bus. 要是我们赶不上那班公交车，就真的麻烦了。
•That’s put us in a fix. 那件事让我们陷入了困境。
3.[singular,单数] an amount of something, especially an illegal drug such as heroin , that you often use and badly want
〔一剂〕致瘾的东西，毒品
•addicts looking for a fix 寻找毒品的瘾君子
•I need my fix of caffeine in the morning or I can’t think. 我早上总得来点咖啡因，不然就无法思考问题。
88
yo-yo dieter
yo-yo dieting
| “游游”式减肥(由节食和随之而来的体重增加所形成的循环，即体重减轻又增加的循环)
89
aerobic
/eəˈrəʊbɪk/
1.technical using oxygen需氧的
OPP anaerobic
2.aerobic exercise
a type of exercise intended to strengthen the heart and lungs有氧健身运动
•running, swimming, and other forms of aerobic exercise 跑步、游泳及其他有氧健身运动
90
cosmetic
/kɒz'metɪk/
1.dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something
装门面的；表面的
SYN superficial
•We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it. 我们在给房子的外部稍作装修，准备出售。
•Many MPs denounced the resolution as a cosmetic exercise (= something which will look good, but have no real effect ) . 许多议员都谴责这项决议，说它是表面文章。
2.intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive化妆用的；美容的
•the cosmetic industry 化妆品行业
•cosmetic products 美容产品
•Are you on the diet for health or cosmetic reasons? 你节食是为了健康还是为了美丽？
91
surgeon
```
/'sɜːdʒ ə n/
a doctor who does operations in a hospital
外科医生
THESAURUS doctor
→ dental surgeon
```
92
tummy
/'tʌmi/
pl: tummies
stomach – used especially by or to children
肚子〔尤为儿语〕
•He was up all night with tummy ache . 他肚子疼，整晚都睡不着觉。
tummy bug/upset (=an illness of the stomach that makes you vomit)反胃
93
tuck
/tʌk/
1.[T always + adv/prep] to push something, especially the edge of a piece of cloth or paper, into or behind something so that it looks tidier or stays in place
把〔布或纸张的边缘〕塞进〔某处〕
tuck sth in
•Jack tucked his shirt in. 杰克把衬衫掖进裤腰里。
tuck sth into/under/behind etc sth
•She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear. 她把一缕不听话的头发撩到耳后。
2.[T always + adv/prep] to put something into a small space, especially in order to protect, hide, carry, or hold it把…藏起来
tuck sth behind/under/into etc sth
•Giles was tucking his pile of books under his arm. 贾尔斯腋下夹着他的那摞书。
•He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket. 他摘下眼镜，塞到口袋里。
3.[T] to put a tuck (= special fold ) in a piece of clothing在〔衣服上〕缝褶子，给…打裥
PHRVB 短语动词
tuck sth ←→ awayphr v
1.be tucked away undefined
if a place is tucked away, it is in a quiet area
〔某处所〕隐藏在〔寂静的地方〕
•The village of Eyam is tucked away behind the hills.
if someone or something is tucked away, they are hidden or difficult to find
躲藏，隐藏；被收藏
•The envelope was tucked away in her jewel box.
2.to store something, especially money, in a safe place把 尤指钱〕藏在安全处
•Every member of the family can now tuck away either £9 or £18 a month in one of these savings plans. 按照其中一项储蓄计划，现在家里的每个成员每月都可以存下9英镑或18英镑的钱。
3.to eat a lot of food, usually quickly and with enjoyment大吃〔常指狼吞虎咽，吃得很香〕
tuck inphr v
1.tuck sb in to make a child comfortable in bed by arranging the sheets around them
帮助〔孩子〕盖好被子，给…掖好被子
2.tuck sth ←→ in to move a part of your body inwards so that it does not stick out so much
使〔身体的某一部分〕收紧
•Stand up straight and tuck in your tummy. 站直，收腹。
3.to eat something eagerly
大吃
•The ice creams came and we tucked in. 冰激凌来了，我们开始大吃起来。
•They tucked into a hearty breakfast of eggs. 他们吃了一顿丰盛的鸡蛋早餐。
tuck sb ←→ upphr v
1.to make someone comfortable in bed by arranging the sheets around them
帮助…盖好被子，给…掖好被子
•Dad tucked me up in his and Carrie’s bed. 爸爸把我安顿在他和卡丽的床上。
2.be tucked up in bed to be lying or sitting in bed卧[坐]在床上
•I ought to be tucked up in bed now. 我现在该到床上去了。
tuck 2 n.
1.[C] a narrow flat fold of cloth sewn into a piece of clothing for decoration or to give it a special shape〔衣服的〕褶，裥
2.[C] a small medical operation done to make your face or stomach look flatter and younger面部[腹部]塑形小手术
•a tummy tuck 腹部塑形手术
3.[U] old-fashioned cakes, sweets etc – used especially by schoolchildren
糖果糕点〔尤为学童使用〕
•the school tuck shop 学校糖果食品店
94
torso
```
'tɔːsəʊ/
pl: torsos
1.your body, not including your head, arms, or legs〔头和四肢除外的〕人体躯干
•the torso of a woman 一名女性的躯干
2.a statue of a torso人体躯干雕像
```
95
turn sth. around
| 转向反方向；(生意或经济) 好转；船只留港
→ turn
2.
PHRASAL VERB If you turn something around, or if it turns around, it is moved so that it faces the opposite direction. 转向反方向
• Bud turned the truck around, and started back for Dalton Pond.
巴德把卡车调了个头，开始返回道尔顿池塘。
• He had reached over to turn around a bottle of champagne so that the label didn't show.
他伸过手把一瓶香槟酒转过去，使它的标签显露不出来。
3.
PHRASAL VERB If something such as a business or economy turns around, or if someone turns it around, it becomes successful, after being unsuccessful for a period of time. (生意或经济) 好转
• Turning the company around won't be easy.
使公司好转不容易。
• In his long career, Horton turned around two entire divisions.
在他漫长的职业生涯中，霍顿曾使整整两个分部扭亏为盈。
96
in a flash
瞬间；立刻
97
pager
n. 寻呼机，呼机
98
with the same expedience
most quickly and effectively
/ik'spi:diənsi,-əns/
n. 私利；权宜；方便
复数 expediencies
99
centuries' worth of sth.
sth. that takes centuries to happen,do or use
100
have centuries' worth of company
to have the same opinion as many other people
101
Plato
'pleitəu/ 美
| n. 柏拉图（古希腊哲学家）
102
multiplied
乘
| 增加（multiply的过去式）
103
penchant
```
/'pɒnʃɒn, 'pentʃənt/
a/sb’s penchant for sth
if you have a penchant for something, you like that thing very much and try to do it or have it often
一种/某人对某事物的嗜好[爱好]
•a penchant for fast cars 对跑车的酷爱
```
104
reinvent
/‚riːɪn'vent/
1.to make changes to an idea, method, system etc in order to improve it or make it more modern改革，改良
SYN reform
•plans to reinvent the American educational system 改革美国教育制度的计划
2.reinvent yourself
to do something differently from before, especially in order to improve or change the way people think of you
重塑自己的形象，改变自己的形象
•Bowie has constantly reinvented himself during his long career. 在漫长的职业生涯中，鲍伊常常改变自己的形象。
3.reinvent the wheel
informal to waste time trying to find a way to do something when someone else has already discovered the best way to do it
无谓地重复，徒劳，白费功夫〔因别人早已发现做某事的最好方法〕
105
preoccupation
/priː‚ɒkjʊ'peɪʃ ə n,priː‚ɒkjə'peɪʃ ə n/
1.[singular,单数, U] when someone thinks or worries about something a lot, with the result that they do not pay attention to other things全神贯注；入神
[+ with]
•the current preoccupation with sex and scandal 目前大家对性和丑闻的高度关注
•The management’s preoccupation with costs and profits resulted in a drop in quality and customer service. 管理层过于追求成本效益和利润，导致产品质量和客户服务水平有所下降。
2.[C] something that you give all your attention to
使人全神贯注的事物，使人入神的事物
main/chief/central etc preoccupation
•Their main preoccupation was how to feed their families. 他们主要关心的是如何养家糊口。
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entrepreneur
/‚ɒntrəprə'nɜː/
someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks企业家
enterprise
/'entəpraɪz/
1.[C] a company, organization, or business
公司；组织；企业
•commercial enterprises such as banks and food manufacturers 银行和食品制造厂等商业企业
state/public enterprise (=one owned by the government)国有企业/公共事业单位
2.[U] the activity of starting and running businesses创业，办企业，企业经营
→ free enterprise → private enterprise
•the management of state enterprise 国有企业的管理
3.[C] a large and complicated project, especially one that is done with a group of other people
〔尤指与其他团队合作的〕大型而复杂的项目，事业
SYN initiative
•The programme is a joint enterprise with the London Business School. 这一计划是与伦敦商学院的合作项目。
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patent madicines
| 有专利保护的药品
patent /'peɪtnt, 'pæ-/
a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy
专利证书
RELTD copyright
•He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin. 他想为他的新型垃圾桶取得专利。
•The drugs are protected by patent. 这些药品受专利保护。
[+ on/for]
•He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint. 他申请了一项除漆新方法的专利。
patent 2 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
1.protected by a patent
受专利保护的；专利的
•a patent lock 专利锁
2.patent lie/nonsense/impossibility etc
formal used to emphasize that something is clearly a lie etc明显的谎言/胡说/不可能等
SYN obvious 【正式】
→ patently
patent 3 v. [T ]
to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product获得…的专利权
RELTD copyright
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youthful
/'juːθfəl/
1.typical of young people, or seeming young
年轻人的，青年的；显得年轻的
THESAURUS young
youthful enthusiasm/energy/vigour 年轻人的热情/精力/活力
youthful appearance/looks/complexion
•She has managed to maintain her youthful appearance. 她保持了年轻的外貌。
2.young年轻的
•The photo shows a smiling, youthful Burgos. 照片上是一个面带微笑、青春洋溢的布尔戈斯。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
youthfully adv
youthfulness n [U]
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pep
/pep/
pp: pepped pt: pepped pres part: pepping
PHRVB 短语动词
pep sb/sth ←→ up phr v
to make something or someone more active or interesting
使…更活跃[更有意思]
•The team needs a few new players to pep it up. 那支球队需要一些新人来增加活力。
pep 2 n. [U ]
informal
physical energy精力，活力
→ pep talk
•an enthusiastic player, full of pep 一位满腔热情、精力充沛的球员
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active ingredients
有效成分
/ɪn'ɡriːdiənt/
1.one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish〔烹调用的〕成分，食材
•Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl. 把所有食材都放在一个大碗里。
•The food is home-cooked using fresh ingredients. 这种食物是用新鲜的食材在家里烹制的。
2.a quality you need to achieve something
〔完成某事的〕要素，因素
•John has all the ingredients of a great player. 约翰具备一个伟大运动员的一切素质。
•Investment in new product development is an essential ingredient of corporate success. 注入资金开发新产品是公司成功的重要因素。
3.active ingredient
the substance in a product such as a medicine that causes the product’s intended result有效成分
•Acetic acid is the chief active ingredient in vinegar. 醋酸是醋的主要有效成分。
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lead
sulfur
arsenic
mercury
铅
硫磺
砒霜
汞
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seductive
/sɪ'dʌktɪv/
MEANINGS 义项
1.someone, especially a woman, who is seductive is sexually attractive
〔尤指女人〕性感的，勾引人的
•She used all of her seductive charm to try and persuade him. 她使出浑身魅力来说服他。
2.something that is seductive is very interesting or attractive to you, in a way that persuades you to do something you would not usually do〔某物〕有吸引力的，有诱惑力的
•
the seductive power of advertising 广告的诱惑力
DERIVATIVE 派生词
seductively adv
•She smiled seductively at him across the table. 她坐在桌子对面，朝他迷人地笑了笑。
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abs
```
/æbz/
informal
the muscles on your abdomen (= stomach )
腹肌
•exercises that improve your legs and abs 锻炼腿部和腹肌的运动
```
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face lift
整容，翻新；为（建筑物、汽车等）作外观上的改善
/ˈfeɪslɪft/
1.N-COUNT If you give a place or thing a facelift, you do something to make it look better or more attractive. 翻新
• Nothing gives a room a faster facelift than a coat of paint.
没有什么比一层油漆能更快地使房间面貌一新。
2.N-COUNT A facelift is an operation in which a surgeon tightens the skin on someone's face in order to make them look younger. 面部拉皮手术
• I had a facelift in 1995, which went wrong.
我在1995年做了一次失败的面部拉皮手术。
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sod
/sɒd/
1.C] informal,not polite a very offensive word for someone, especially a man, who you think is stupid or annoying
笨蛋，讨厌鬼〔尤指男人〕
•Get up, you lazy sod! 起来，你这个懒鬼！
2.be a sod
informal,not polite to be very difficult to do or deal with难对付的，棘手的
•That door’s a sod to open. 那扇门难开死了。
3.[C usually singular,一般用单数] informal,not polite used to refer to a person
家伙
•The poor sod ’s wife left him. 那个可怜的家伙被老婆甩了。
•You lucky sod! 你这个幸运的家伙！
sod 2 v.
spoken,not polite 【英，口，不礼貌】
1.sod it/that
used to rudely express anger or annoyance at something or someone
该死，真糟糕〔用于粗鲁地对某人或某事表示生气〕
•Sod it, I’ve missed the train. 见鬼，我误了火车。
2.[T only in imperative or infinitive,仅用于祈使句或不定式] used to say rudely that something is not important
去他妈的〔用于粗鲁地表示某事并不重要〕
•Sod the job, I’m going home. 去他妈的工作，我要回家了。
3.sod off
an offensive way of telling someone to go away
走开，滚蛋〔冒犯性说法〕
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in one fell swoop
1.刹那间
2.一下子，一举
fell /fel/
the past tense of fall
fall的过去式
fell 2 n. [C usually plural 一般用复数]
a mountain or hill in the north of England
〔英格兰北部的〕山，山岗
fell 3 v. [T usually passive 一般用被动态]
1.to cut down a tree
砍伐〔树木〕
•More than 100 trees were felled in just over an hour. 短短一个多小时100多棵树就被砍倒了。
2.written to knock someone down with great force用力〕击倒〔某人〕
•The goalkeeper was felled by a coin thrown from the crowd. 守门员被观众扔出的一枚硬币击倒。
fell 4 adj.
in one fell swoop
doing a lot of things at the same time, using only one action
一下子，一举
SYN in one go
•A single company can close a factory, eliminating 74,000 jobs in one fell swoop. 单单一个公司就能让一家工厂关闭，一下子74,000个工作岗位就没了。
swoop/swuːp/
1.if a bird or aircraft swoops, it moves suddenly down through the air, especially in order to attack something
〔鸟或飞机〕向下猛冲，向下猛扑
•The eagle hovered, ready to swoop at any moment. 鹰在天空盘旋，随时准备俯冲下来。
[+ down/over/across etc]
•A helicopter suddenly swooped down. 一架直升机突然俯冲下来。
2.written if the police, army etc swoop on a place, they go there without any warning in order to look for someone or something
〔警方、军队等〕突然袭击；突然搜查
[+ on]
•Drug officers swooped on several addresses in London last night. 缉毒警察昨晚对伦敦的几处住所进行了突击搜查。
swoop 2 n. [C ]
1.a sudden surprise attack on a place in order to get something or take people away – used especially in news reports
突然袭击；突击搜查〔尤用于新闻报道〕
[+ on]
•Police arrested a man in a swoop on his house last night. 警方昨晚突击搜查一名男子的住所，将他逮捕。
2.a swooping movement or action
向下猛冲；猛扑；俯冲
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jump-start
预热启动
1.to start a car whose battery has lost power by connecting it to the battery of another car用跨接法发动〔汽车〕
2.to help a process or activity to start or become more successful
启动，促进〔过程或活动〕
•Congress hopes the tax cut will jump-start the economy. 国会希望减税能够推动经济发展。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
jumpstart n [C]
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lend
/lɛnd/
pp: lent pt: lent
1.[T] to let someone borrow money or something that belongs to you for a short time 借给〔某人钱或东西〕，借出
lend sth to sb
•I lent my CD player to Dave and I haven’t got it back yet. 我把CD播放机借给戴夫，到现在还没有拿回来。
lend sb sth
•The hospital agreed to lend us a wheelchair. 医院同意借给我们一把轮椅。
•Can you lend me £10 until tomorrow? 借给我10英镑，明天还你好吗？
[I,T] if a bank or financial institution lends money, it lets someone have it on condition that they pay it back later, often gradually, with an additional amount as interest 贷出，贷(款)
•The government is trying to encourage the banks to lend more. 政府设法鼓励银行发放更多贷款。
lend sth to sb
•A lot of banks are unwilling to lend money to new businesses. 许多银行都不愿意给新企业贷款。
lend sb sth
•The building society agreed to lend us £60,000. 购房互助协会答应借给我们6万英镑。
2.lend (sb) a hand
to help someone do something, especially something that needs physical effort
帮助(某人)做事〔尤指需要体力的事〕；(给某人)搭把手
•Can you lend me a hand with this? 这个你能帮我一把吗？
3.[T] formal to give a situation, event etc a particular quality给予，增添〔某种特性〕
lend sth to sth
•The presence of members of the royal family lent a certain dignity to the ceremony. 王室成员的出席为这场典礼增添了一种庄严的气氛。
THESAURUS 词语辨析
1.lend 借给〔某人钱或东西〕，借出
to let someone borrow money or something that belongs to you for a short time
•Can you lend me $20? 你能借我20美元吗？
•Did you lend that book to Mike? 你是不是把那本书借给迈克了？
•The documents were loaned by the local library. 这些文件由当地图书馆出借。
2.let sb use sth/let sb have sth 允许某人使用某物〔尤指房间、房子等大型贵重物品〕
to let someone use something that belongs to you for a short time, especially a room, a house, or something big and expensive
•Some friends are letting us use their house while they are on vacation. 有几位朋友外出度假期间让我们住他们家。
•Dad said he’d let me have his car for the weekend. 爸爸说我可以在周末用他的车。
3.be on loan 〔图书馆书籍或艺术品等正式〕出借
if something is on loan, it has been lent to a person or organization in an official way – often used about a library book or a work of art
•The museum has an exhibition of paintings on loan from the Louvre. 该博物馆正举办一个画展，画作均借自卢浮宫。
•According to the computer, this book is still out on loan. 电脑显示，这本书仍外借未还。
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lend oneself nicely to
to be suitable for being used in a particular way
120
metabolism
/mɪ'tæbəlɪzəm,mə'tæbəlɪzəm/
the chemical processes by which food is changed into energy in your body
新陈代谢
•This drug speeds up your metabolism. 这种药物会加快你的新陈代谢。
protein/carbohydrate/alcohol etc metabolism
•The vast majority of alcohol metabolism occurs in the liver. 酒精的代谢主要在肝脏进行。
[+ of]
•the metabolism of fat by the liver 由肝脏进行的脂肪代谢
121
ATM
Automatic Teller Machine自动取款机
122
put the brakes on
猛踩刹车
123
news briefing
新闻发布会
press conference
记者招待会，新闻发布会；
124
medicine cabinet
药橱（一般在卫生间里，洗手台上方）
125
the Confederate Army
南军（美国内战时期的南方军队）
126
consist of
由…组成；由…构成；包括
127
convenience store
便利店
128
credict card
信用卡
129
current events
时事
130
deferred gratification
延期的满足（先苦后甜）
131
express mail
快递邮件
132
quick fix
及时解决方案
133
be guaranteed to
be certain to
134
the fast lane
快车道
135
linger over
徘徊于
136
miracle diet
速效减肥食谱
137
quality time
品质时间，黄金时光（父亲、母亲或双亲保留来专门讨论与家庭和小孩有关之事务的时间）
the time that you spend giving someone your full attention, especially time that you spend with your children when you are not busy
珍贵时光，优质时间〔尤指全心照顾子女的时间〕
•
Do you spend enough quality time with your children? 你与孩子相处的时间够多吗？
138
off the rack
现成的
139
be reduced to
缩小成
140
slide by
溜过去
141
speed out of control
疯狂加速到失去控制
142
VCR
video cassette recorder录像机
143
rear view
后视镜
