Unit 1 Flashcards
(89 cards)
0
Q
captain john smith & jamestown
A
saved jamestown by bargaining for food w powhatan indians
- got injury and left (1609)
- colony weakened
- period of starvation and cannibalism
1
Q
Jamestown
A
- 1st permanent settlement
- virginia company started in 1607 in honor of king james 2
- wanted to find: natural resources, gold, citrus, oil, tar, NW passage, naval
- 2/3 died of disease and hunger
2
Q
Thomas Gates & Jamestown
A
- new governor
- made town work for food
- colony started to prosper w tobacco
3
Q
John Rolfe & Jamestown
A
married pochontas
-marriage brought peace b/w people and natives
4
Q
headright policy
A
anyone who can pay way from europe to colony gets 50 acres of and 50 for each servant
-settlers brought problems: disease, hunger, attacks
5
Q
New England/northern colonies
A
MA(gov and religion intertwined), NH(fishing), RI(no religion in gov), Conn
- pilgrims and puritans (1620)
- difficult farming, long winter, rocky soil, thick forest
- fishing and trade
6
Q
Southern
A
Maryland(owned by lord baltimore, refuge for Catholics), VI(tobacco), NC(tobacco), SC(rice), GA(poor)
- rich soil and warm
- tobacco, rice, indigo
- planters relied on slaves
7
Q
Middle Colonies
A
NY(Dutch and English), NJ(religious freedom), Penn(Quakers escaped persecution), Delaware
- William Penn given permission by Charles to create colony
- exported grain, wheat, barley to europe
- merchants, mechanics, traders, and shippers
8
Q
Mayflower Compact & Northern Colonies
A
how to set up gov that they would have–very influential
9
Q
indentured servant
A
agreed to work for paid trip, food, shelter for 4 years
-after 4 yrs they became slaves and werent given land
10
Q
bacons rebellion
A
Nathanial Bacon helped indentured servants fight against natives and resist taxes
- convinced wealthy that land should be given to farmers
- pushed natives off land
- increased VI’s reliance on slaves instead of servants
- started slave trade
11
Q
slave trade
A
could barter and trade w other plantation owners
- population increase
- disease that killed them
- 13-20% died on ship trade
12
Q
the middle passage
A
passage over pacific from W africa to america for slave trade
13
Q
navigation acts/glorious revolution
A
1660
lumber North
iron Middle
Cotton South
-shipped to England, constructed into products, and sent back
-most products only sold in england
-all ships had to be built in england and taxed
14
Q
mercantilism
A
a system based on idea that nation could increase money by importing materials and then exporting finished product
- angered people
- increased smuggling
15
Q
treaty of paris 1763
A
- ends french and indian war
- eliminates french as colonial power
- brit gets canada and french territory E of MI
- colonists heavily taxed to pay for war
16
Q
proclamation line of 1763
A
put a line to separate colonists on one side b/c they didnt want colonists to claim more land…est. by king george
17
Q
effects of navigation acts and glorious revolution
A
- caused smuggling
- Charles 2 took away MA charter
- William and Mary took over: didn’t raise taxes, more rights, helped american government
18
Q
Virginia House of Burgesses
A
1st elective law making body in americas
19
Q
brit vs french 1689
A
4 wars
- 4/4 is the french and indian war that spread to europe and became the 7 yrs war
- over land (Ohio)
- George washington organizes militia
20
Q
Non importation agreements
A
- colonial resistance to british control
- set of agreements between all the colonies initiated by the stamp act congress which boycotted all british goods
21
Q
stamp act 1765
A
- required shipping w stamp to help pay for french and indian war
- to pay a tax on all printed materials
22
Q
Loyalists
A
Colonists who disagreed with parliaments policies but still had loyalty to the king and believed the british laws should be upheld
23
Q
Patriots
A
Believed the british government had become tyrants
24
Declaration of Independence
Drafted by Thomas Jefferson. Document that stated the colonies would dissolve all ties with Britain. Proclaimed themselves the United States of America
25
townshend act
- tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea
| - indirect tax collected at seaports
26
Constitution
To preserve the states rights they used federalism, divided power. Divided congress into a legislative branch and a judicial branch
27
boston massacre
3/5/1770
- mob of colonists harrassing british troops
- troops open fire and 5 colonists die
28
Elastic clause/necessary proper clause
A statement in the us constitution granting congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.
29
boston tea party 1773
- every tea co taken over, colonists could only buy from brit east india co
- colonists raided 3 brit ships and dumped tea in harbor dressed and indians
30
1st continental congress
reps from 13 colonies joined in phil
- boycott all trade w england
- called acts "Intolerable Acts"
- appeal to king george 3
- american rev starts w battle of lexington and concord
31
constitutional convention
GW elected
32
VI plan
James Madison liked
- called for bicameral legis
- # of reps depends on pop of state
33
NJ plan
called for unicameral legis
-every state receives one vote
BOTH wanted strong national gov w 3 branches
34
Roanoke
1st settlement in colony
- sir walter raleigh (1584) landed there
- named virginia after queen elizabeth
- found fertile land and decided to stay
- settlement failed: food shortage, troubles with natives and spain
35
Great compromise/Connecticut plan
- bicameral congress
- house or reps: each state rep according to pop
- senate: each state has 2 senators
- both houses must pass every law
36
3/5 compromise
only 3/5 slaves counted
37
articles of confederation
1781
congressss was unicameral
-all 13 states must agree on amendments
-9/13 agree on fed laws
-could raise armies, decalre war, sign treaties
-couldnt raise taxes, regulate trade, collect tariffs
-states had more power than fed gov
38
failure of articles of confederation
currency issues, debt: congress couldnt tax people, owed money to other countries from rev. war, hadnt paid soldiers. international and domestic problems: lacked military power, states seldom agreed, laws were difficult to pass
39
federalism
shared powers among federal government and state government
40
colonial act
-colonists had to provide home, food, trans, for soldiers
41
alexander hamilton's economic plan
pay back all federal and state bonds, combine all state and federal debt into 1 national debt
-james madison disagreed
42
speculators
got rich from buying peoples bonds (money given to government promised to be paid back at a greater price later) for a cheaper price
- lived in north
- very rich
43
hamiltons compromise
south agreed to take over debt of north states if north agreed to move the capital to washington DC
44
alexander hamilton
secretary of treasury
| -federalist
45
federalist
favored trade, manufacturing and cities
- believed fed gov should have more power than states
- loose interpretation of constitution
- pro british
- favored bank
- favored tariff
46
Thomas jefferson and republican party
- democratic republican
- favored strict limits on the governments power and protection of the states rights
- support agriculture over commerce and trade
- strong in the south and the west
47
democratic republican
favored farmers and rural
- believed states should have more power
- strict interpretation of constitution
- pro french
- oppose bank and tariffs
48
alien act 1798
- allowed president to deport any alien considered dangerous
- increased number of years to become a citizen
- helped stop immigrants for voting dem-rep
49
sedition act 1798
anyone could be fined and sent to prison for publishing/saying anything against gov
50
KY and VI resolutions
thomas jefferson claimed alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional
-KY and VI claimed states had right to nullify any fed law that is unconstitutional
51
marbury vs madison (sec of state)
- john marshall declared judiciary act 1789 unconstitutional
- act was declared invalid
- established power of judicial review: power of federal court to decide whether an act of congress is const. or unconst.
52
the Louisiana purchase
- france was on brink of war with brit and needed $
- Napoleon sold Louis for 1.5 mil (1803)
- doubled size of US
53
Louis and Clark
sent to find all water route across continent
| -sacagawea served as guide and interpreter
54
war of 1812
US profited by selling goods to brit and france
- they both realized and they seized US ships sailing towards ports of enemy
- attacked Washington DC 1814
55
treaty of ghent
ended war, did not resolve any problems b/w brit and US
56
battle of New Orleans
- led by andrew jackson
- US defeats GB
- secured louisiana purchase, brought pride, manifest destiny (atlantic to pacific)
57
effects of war of 1812
- destroyed fed party
- foreign respect
- national pride
- increase in manufacturing
- less native resistance
58
madisons presidency
1809-1817
| -"era of good feelings"
59
monroe doctrine
1817-1825
- N & S US should no longer be thought of as colonization opportunity for europe
- US would not interfere w european affairs
- protect new independence of Latin American nations
- keep russia from moving S into US from alaska
60
industrial revolution
massive change in social and economic organization
began w brits
-began because of embargo act (no trade w foreign countries)
61
battle of saratoga
1776-huge victory for US
62
treaty of paris 1783
brit recognized US as free
63
Triangular Trade
exchanges of goods among colonies, england, caribbean, and africa
64
immgration
could worship freely but not vote
| included germans, scots, irish, and jews
65
Enlightenment
philopsophers
| john locke, rosseau, montesquieu
66
the Great Awakening
resurgence of religious fever
| baptists gained farmers, enslaved africans, and 20% of whites
67
stamp act congress
dissolved declaration of rights and grievances, saying only reps elected by colonists could tax them
68
committees of correspondence
to communicate strategy to defy britain
69
lexington
british reached 70 minute men
70
concord
farmers fired and trapped british
71
bill of rights
freedom of speech, press, religion, trial, search and seizure
72
steamboat
- offered more efficient way to transport goods and cheaper
- Robert Livington promoted
- economy: carried people and goods
73
the telegraph
Samuel Morse created
- major improvement in communications
- during Industrial Revolution
- used by journalists, word wide news, to convey battle results, to change strategy, open paths for new businesses
74
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
- increased slaves in south
- removes seeds from the balls of cotton
- cotton was most important crop
75
sewing machine
- Elias Howe
| - used at textile mills in the N and at home by women
76
canning
- Robert Dyars
- allowed food trans without spoilage
- war allowed expansion to meet military demands for non-perishable food
77
train
- railroads
- Peter Cooper built "Tom Thumb" 1830
- helped settle west and transport goods
78
ben franklin
inventor, scientist, politician, and one of the founding fathers of the US
79
Plymouth colony
Separatist (puritans) also became known as pilgrims.
| -Came over the mayflower to Massachusetts.
80
French settlement in the new world
The french founded Quebec. They sought profits from fur and began trading with the natives. They expanded to Louisiana and grew tobacco, sugar, and rice. Started importing slaves from Africa for field work.
81
Colonial slave labor
Africans sent over and sold to do work as farmers or servants
82
Native American and french relations
Began a brisk trade with natives
83
Anti federalist
Opponents of the constitution. Not totally opposed to federalism. Accepted need for national government. Were determined to protect the states rights and wanted a bill of rights
84
federalist papers
a collection of 85 essays written by james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay who were in favor of federalism
85
republicanism
stresses liberty and unalienable rights. rejects aristocracy and inherited political party. expects citizens to be independent in their performance of civic duties
86
first bank of the united states
created because alexander hamilton wanted the federal government to accept responsibility for the states outstanding debts from the war
87
second great awakening
religious revival, but more emotional than fear of god like the first
88
missouri compromise
missouri could enter the union as a slave state while maine enters as a free state to keep the system equal. if any new states want to enter the union as a slave state they needed to be below the northern border of mississippi
