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AP Psychology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Happens when you make an initial prediction that is later proven correct you will over estimate your original assuredness.

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2
Q

3 Categories of Research

A

Experimental, Correlational, Descriptive

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3
Q

Experimental Research Method

A

Explore cause and effects

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4
Q

Independent Variable

A

the thing that we change/manipulate

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5
Q

Dependent Variable

A

the thing we measure (not manipulated)

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6
Q

Confounding Variable

A

the thing outside the experiment that influences the experiment (negative)

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7
Q

Population

A

The people that we are studying

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8
Q

Sample Of Population

A

If the population is too large a sample can be taken but it must be a proper representation of that group

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9
Q

Subject Groups

A

Control Group and Experimental Group

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10
Q

Experimental Group

A

Get the IV

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11
Q

Control Group

A

Do not get the IV (get a placebo)

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12
Q

Control Measures

A

Protect us from CV

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13
Q

Randomization

A

Picking different groups randomly

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14
Q

Single Blind

A

Participants don’t know which group they are in

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15
Q

Double Blind

A

No one knows what group anyone is in

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16
Q

Operational Definition

A

Empirical (can be physically tracked) measure of a vague team

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17
Q

Correlation Research Method

A

To detect naturally occurring relationships, comparing different pieces of data, correlation does not imply causation.

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18
Q

Descriptive Research Method

A

To observe and record behavior

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19
Q

Types of DR

A

Naturalistic Observations, Case Studies, Surveys

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20
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

people watching (Don’t let them catch you)

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21
Q

Case Studies

A

In depth looks of a strange phenomena (what is the application to the world)

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22
Q

Surveys

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A

Instant, Cheap, Easy to spread

Needs incentive, people will answer willy-nilly

23
Q

Psychology

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A

The science or study of behavior and mental processes

24
Q

Wilhelm Wundt (structuralism)

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A

Started the 1st psych laboratory and started the modern psych era in 1879, University of Leipzig

25
Structuralism
attempting to breakdown the mind into individual parts and study them. (1st school) - Based in Chem and Physics
26
Introspection
Get the patient to look inside and express the emotions they find (not affective, not all people can understand their emotions)
27
Functionalism
Theory of evolution applied to humans (2nd school) | - William James (inspired by Charles Darwin, survival of the fittest)
28
Guidelines with Human Subjects
Informed Consent, Freedom to withdraw at any time during the research, Protection from harm, Debriefing, Confidentiality
29
Guidelines with Animals
Justification of the Research, Personnel, Care and Housing of Animals, Acquisition of Animals, Experimental Procedures, Field Research, Education Use of Animals
30
Informed Consent
An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
31
Freedom to Withdraw
The participant has a right to stop participating at any time.
32
Protection from Harm
the right of research participants to be protected from physical or psychological harm
33
Debriefing
the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants
34
Confidentiality
the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to unauthorized individuals
35
Justification of the Research
research should be undertaken with a clear scientific purpose
36
Personnel
psychologist should ensure personnel involved in their research with animals be familiar with these guidelines.
37
Care and Housing Animals
provided with human care and healthful conditions during stay at research institutions
38
Acquisition of Animals
animals must be obtained lawfully
39
Experimental Procedures
Any healthcare services, that are determined by the insurance plan to be either; not generally accepted by informed healthcare professionals in the U.S. as effective in treating the condition, illness or diagnosis for which their use is proposed; or not proven by scientific evidence to be effective in treating the condition for which it proposed
40
Field Research
research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory
41
Educational Use of Animals
animals can be used in classrooms as instructional aids
42
Psychoanalytical Theory
Releases conflicts and memories from the unconscious (usually repressed or developmental trauma) - Sigmund Freud
43
Behavioral Approach
Explaining behavior through observation (psychology = objective science, excludes the mental processes) - John B Watson and Ivan Pavlov B.F Skinner = Radical Behaviorism
44
Gestalt Psychology
Study how the brain works through perception - Perception is innate (born with) - Focuses on the Whole Aspect not the Pieces - German Group
45
Humanistic Approach
Clinical viewpoint of emphasizing human ability - Self actualization Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
46
Evolutionary Psychology
Claim of evolutionary psych is that the brain evolved to solve problems previously encountered by out ancestors - Charles Darwin Inspired
47
Biological Approach
Experimental psychology focused on how biology shapes behavior and the mental process (Combo of genetics and physiology) - Roger Sperry and James Olds Everything ultimately has a biological cause
48
Cognitive Approach
Focuses on the way humans process information - Important in the mid 1950s - Jean Piaget Memory focuses
49
Sociocultural
How adults and peers influence individual learning along with how cultural beliefs and attitudes affect how learning takes place. - Lev Vygotsky Cognitive Psychology Environmental effects on humans
50
Range
Highest - Lowest = Range
51
Mean
Average
52
Median
Middle number of the data set
53
Mode
Most common #

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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