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AP Psychology > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.

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2
Q

Instinct/Evolutionary Theory

A

Information passed down in our DNA to help us survive (instincts)

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3
Q

Achievement Motivation

A

Motivated to achieve a goal
- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic
- Overjustification Effect

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4
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Doing it for yourself

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5
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation that is outside of yourself

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6
Q

Overjustification Effect

A

When a person is intrinsically motivated to do something, they are then given an extrinsic motivation to do the same thing, they will often not do that thing.

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7
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

How you see yourself

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8
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

Motivated to return to homeostasis (clark hull)

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9
Q

Arousal Theory

A

We seek optimum levels of excitements

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10
Q

The Yerkes-Dodson Curve

A

Unproductive - not enough stress
optimal production - best perfect amount of stress
unproductive - too much stress

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11
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • Self-actualize: Best version of yourself
  • Esteem
  • Love/Belonging
  • Safety
  • Physiological
    We seek to become self actualized but in order to do so we must take care of our lower tier needs to do so.
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12
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

An unpleasant state of psychological tension occurs when 2 thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent, which typically results from the awareness that attitudes and behavior are in conflict. Motivating us to do something (Leon Festinger)

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13
Q

Personality

A

A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

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14
Q

Projective Test

A

have the patient express their personality unconsciously (HTP Test)

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15
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

give patients ambiguous pictures and have them express what they see.

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16
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

A projective psychological test in which subjects’ perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person’s personality characteristics and emotional functioning.

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17
Q

Psychometric Test

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

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18
Q

MMPI

A

567 questions that test for inconsistencies and truth.

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19
Q

Psychoanalytical Approach

A

Based on our unconscious (Sigmund Freud)

20
Q

Personality (Sigmund Freud)

A
  • Conscious (Mask)
  • Preconscious (true self only to be seen if looked within)
  • Unconscious (Primal, Hidden, True Self)
21
Q

Psyche

A

Motivation and drive
- Id
- Superego
- Ego

22
Q

Id

A
  • born with
  • based on pleasure principle
  • unconcerned about future, focuses on present gratification
23
Q

Superego

A
  • Develops at age 5 (last to develop)
  • Is your conscience, make you act nice
24
Q

Ego

A
  • based on reality principle
  • manages between Id and Superego extremes
25
Q

State of Psycho-Sexual-Development

A
  • following states are from where we derive our sexual pleasure
    1. Oral
    2. Anal
    3. Phallic
    4. Latent
    5. Genital
26
Q

Oral

A
  • from birth to age 1.5/2
  • Derive sexual pleasure by breast feeding from our mothers
  • mouth region
27
Q

Fixation

A

Problem dealt with by an adult because as a child they didn’t properly go through a stage

28
Q

Oral Fixation

A

Need for things around the mouth due to not being breast fed

29
Q

Anal

A
  • Ages 3-4
  • derive sexual pleasure by controlling their poop at the right times.
  • Butt region
30
Q

Anal Fixation

A
  • Person is messy: couldn’t control poop when younger
  • Person is uptight: couldn’t relax enough to poop
31
Q

Phallic

A
  • Age 5-7
  • derive sexual pleasure from the penis
  • girls go through penis envy (the want of a penis)
  • guys experience Oedipus complex (want to sleep with mom)
32
Q

Karen Horney

A
  • said girls go through the Eelectra complex (want to sleep with dad)
  • guys go through womb envy
33
Q

Phallic Fixation

A

Sexual deviants

34
Q

Latent

A
  • Age 9-12
  • Sexual desire fades, the child focuses on friendships and school activities
  • No fixations
35
Q

Genital

A
  • Age 12+
  • seek normal sexual pleasures
  • we begin to deal with our fixations
36
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

Tools of the ego that helps us cope with lives difficult problems
- Repression
- Denial
- Displacement
- Projection
- Reaction Formation
- Regression
- Rationalization
- Intellectualization
- Sublmation

37
Q

Repression

A

Pushing traumatic thoughts into our unconscious (still affects us, not completely gone)

38
Q

Denial

A

Not accepting (dismissing) the ego-threatening truth

39
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting one’s feelings toward another person or object. Often displaced on less threatening things

40
Q

Projection

A

Believing that the feelings one has toward someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself

41
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Expressing the opposite of how one truly feels

42
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier comforting form of behavior

43
Q

Rationalization

A

Coming up with a beneficial results of an undesirable outcome

44
Q

Intellectualization

A

Undertaking an academic, unemotional study of a topic. A form of escapism.

45
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling one’s frustration toward a different goal

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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