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AP Psychology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Comprehend lots of information, process information quickly, good problem solving, and learn from past experiences.

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2
Q

Sir Francis Galton

A

Father of behavioral genetics
- Normal Curve/Distribution
- Eugenics
- Nature

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3
Q

Normal Curve/Distribution (Sir Francis Galton)

A

arrangement of data is symmetrical
- mean, median, mode, fall center, the highest peak
– could be applies to human psychological attributes like intelligence

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4
Q

Eugenics (Sir Francis Galton)

A

Method of improving biological make-up of human species through selective parenthood and advocate for breeding restrictions.

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5
Q

Nature (Sir Francis Galton)

A

Pre-wiring, influenced by genetic inheritance and biological factors

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6
Q

Nurture (Sir Francis Galton)

A

Influence of external factor

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7
Q

Galton’s Side (Sir Francis Galton)

A

Pro nature, his beliefs weighed heavily on genetic predisposition to abilities in general.

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8
Q

Alfred Binet

A
  • Binet-Simon Scale
  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative
  • Culture
  • Intelligence
  • 1904
  • Limitations
  • US Arrival
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9
Q

Binet-Simon Scale (Alfred Binet)

A

Used to compare child’s mental abilities relative to their peers.

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10
Q

Qualitative (Alfred Binet)

A

Measuring quality over quantity

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11
Q

Quantitative (Alfred Binet)

A

Measuring quantity over quality

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12
Q

Culture (Alfred Binet)

A

Customs, values, beliefs, art, language of society or a community.

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13
Q

Intelligence (Alfred Binet)

A

Judgment is the most important part of intelligence. Good sense, practical sense, initiative. Nothing compares to judgment.

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14
Q

US (Alfred Binet)

A

The test arrived in the US to “prove” the superiority of the white class.

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15
Q

Lewis Terman

A
  • Standford Binet-Scale
  • IQ
  • Gifted
  • Standardization
  • New Objective SBS
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16
Q

Standford Binet-Scale (SBS) (Lewis Terman)

A

help classify which kids went into advanced classes, reduce delinquency, assist in assignment grades, help determine vocational fitness, and help those not as smart.

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17
Q

IQ (Lewis Terman)

A

Intelligence Quotient - Mental Age/Chronological Age * 100

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18
Q

Gifted (Lewis Terman)

A
  • Top 1%
  • Identify early as possible
  • Accelerate through schools
  • Differentiate Curriculum/Instructions
  • Specifically trained teachers
  • National resource for better society
  • Allowed to develop in whatever they want
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19
Q

Standardization (Lewis Terman)

A

The process of making a test uniform, or setting it to a specific standard

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20
Q

New Objective of SBS (Lewis Terman)

A

Test if high IQ offered future success as adults.

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21
Q

Charles Spearman

A
  • Factor Analysis
  • G Factor
  • Correlation
  • Variance
  • Statistically
  • Intelligence
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22
Q

Factor Analysis (Charles Spearman)

A

A theoretical entity is, new statistical technique that analyzed the correlations among a set of variables. Led to the G Factor.

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23
Q

G Factor (Charles Spearman)

A

A common source of variance accounted for the correlations among all the mental tests. Intelligent behavior arises from a single metaphorical entity. (Specific part of brain deals with intelligence)

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24
Q

Correlation (Charles Spearman)

A

Degree of a relationship between 2 variables

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25
Variance (Charles Spearman)
Measures of how much value in a data set differs from the mean.
26
Statistically Meaningful Relationships (Charles Spearman)
When 2 things correlate together
27
Intelligence (Charles Spearman)
No greater or priority part, more focus on how various abilities relate to each other scores on mental tests positively correlated therefore intelligence comes from mental energy.
28
David Wechsler
- WAIS - Deviation Quotient - Intelligence
29
WAIS (David Wechsler)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
30
Deviation Quotient (David Wechsler)
Technical innovation that replaced mental ages for computing IQ scores
31
Intelligence (David Wechsler)
Ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with environment. non-intellectual factors contribute (Personality etc.)
32
Robert Sternberg
- Triarch Theory of Intelligence - Analytical - Creative - Practical
33
Triarch Theory of Intelligence (Robert Sternberg)
Intelligence is balanced between analytical, creative, practical abilities.
34
Analytical (Robert Sternberg)
Comprehend information and understand it (Book Smarts)
35
Creative (Robert Sternberg)
How easy it is to think outside the box for problem solving
36
Practical (Robert Sternberg)
Street smarts
37
Howard Gardner
- Multiple Intelligence - Savant Syndrome - Intelligence - 7 Different Intelligences -- Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal
38
Multiple Intelligence (Howard Gardner)
Different kinds of intelligence are generated from separate metaphorical parts of mental energy
39
Savant Syndrome (Howard Gardner)
Condition where prodigies talent occurs with things like autism
40
Intelligence (Howard Gardner)
Solve problems or create products that are valued
41
Linguistics (Howard Gardner)
reading, writing, speaking ability
42
Logical-Mathematical (Howard Gardner)
Logical thinking/mathematical and scientific problem solving
43
Spatial (Howard Gardner)
Navigating unfamiliar spaces
44
Bodily-Kinesthetic (Howard Gardner)
Problem-solving physically (dance, throwing a ball, complex surgery)
45
Musical (Howard Gardner)
Set of skills to play a tune by ear, or execute a phrase with sensitivity and grace.
46
Interpersonal (Howard Gardner)
Social skills for others (empathy, etc.)
47
Intrapersonal (Howard Gardner)
Social skills for self-awareness, self-understanding
48
Raymond Cattell
- Fluid and Crystalized Intellgiences
49
Fluid and Crystalized Intelligences
General intelligence is a conglomeration of perhaps 100 abilities working together in various ways in different people to bring out different bits of intelligence.
50
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking
51
Memory
most people start to remember at the age of 3 unless traumatic happened.
52
The Info Processing Model
- Model views human memory as a system 1. Encodes 2. Stores 3. Retrieves
53
Encoding
Effortful vs. Automatic - 3 Different means -- Somatically -- Visually -- Acoustcally
54
Effortful
Have to work it out to understand
55
Automatic
Natural (like a conversation with friends)
56
Somatically
Based on what the word actually means (terms you just know)
57
Visually
Processing based on pictures, putting the picture into the brain
57
Visually
Processing based on pictures, putting the image into the brain
58
Acoutstically
Remembering based on sound (ex. musicians)
59
Levels of Processing
How we get information into our brain - Shallow Processing - Deep Processing
60
Shallow Process
Something you process and know but hasn't spent lots of time understanding (base level)
61
Deep Processing
True and good understanding of content, could explain if asked. - Subjective Organization - Mnemonic Devices
62
Subjective Organization
Developing a personal way to categorize items in an effective way.
63
Mnemonic Devices
Memory cues to help pair info and help retain information (better then straight memorization)
64
Storage
3 Systems -- Sensory -- Short-term -- Long-term
65
Sensory
Very short-term memory, senses you are focused on memory from our 5 senses which move into short-term memory
66
Short-Term
5-9 items for about 30 seconds, constantly working and processing (hippocampus control) - Serial Position Effect - Semantic Distinctiveness - Rehearsal - Chunking - Reconstructive Memory
67
Serial Position Effect
More likely to remember at the beginning and end than in the middle
68
Semantic Distinctiveness
More likely to remember something different or that sticks out
69
Rehearsal
Do it over and over again to remember
70
Chunking
Pair info together more likely to remember it
71
Reconstructive Memory
Memory is not as solid as we'd like and can be easily influenced or altered
72
Long-Term
Everything we know (info and abilities) is stored in long-term memory, seemingly infinite - Explicit - Implicit - Prospective Memory
73
Explicit (Declaritive)
Something you can explain (facts or stories Sematic -- Definition Episodic -- Memory or a story
74
Implicit (Non-Declaritive)
Things you cannot explain (how to walk, write, etc.)
75
Prospective Memory
Remember to do what you planned to do
76
Retrieval
Understanding, stored away, now get it back to apply
77
Forgetting
Hermon Ebbinghaus (studied forgetting)
78
Reconstructive Memory
Elizabeth Loftus tested how much she can influence memory (eyewitness testimonies are not as solid as we think)

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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