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AP Psychology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Based on the 5 sense (hearing, smelling, touching, tasting, seeing)

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2
Q

Perception

A

How your brain understands the 5 senses.

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3
Q

Cornea

A

Outer layer of the eye
- protects the eye

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4
Q

Pupil

A

Dark black center of the eye
- Allow light into the eye

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5
Q

Iris

A

Colored muscles around the pupil that expands/retracts allowing more or less light into the eye

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6
Q

Lens

A

thin membrane that changes its shape to allow light to refract to the back of the eyeball

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7
Q

Retina

A

Back surface of eye and it houses receptor cells.

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8
Q

Fovea

A

Point of central focus

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9
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Where info goes to the brain

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10
Q

Blind Spot

A

Specifically where the nerve leaves to the brain meaning no receptor cells in that space.

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11
Q

Short Wavelength

A

High frequency, blue color, high-pitched sound

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12
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency, red color, low pitch sound

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13
Q

Great Amplitude

A

bright colors, loud sounds

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14
Q

Small Amplitude

A

dull colors, soft sound

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15
Q

Accommodation

A

process of your lenses changing shape

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16
Q

Receptor Cells

A

Rods and Cones

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17
Q

Rods

A
  • Peripheral Retina
  • Detect black, white, and gray
  • twilight or low light
  • movement
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18
Q

Cones

A
  • near center of retina
  • fine detail + color vision
  • daylight or well-lit condition
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19
Q

Transduction

A

One type of energy getting turned into another type of energy

20
Q

Pinna

A

funnels sound into the auditory canal

21
Q

Eardrum

A

Vibrates from sound waves (process known as Transduction)

22
Q

Cochlea

A

Fluid filled sac that houses our receptor cells (hair cells), it vibrate and makes the fluid ripple, then the hair cells sway due to ripples.

23
Q

Auditory Nerve

A

sends the signal to the temporal lobe

24
Q

Place Theory

A

The way we recognize pitch is based on WHERE in the cochlea the hair cells activate.

25
Q

Frequency Theory

A

The way we recognize pitch is based on HOW the hair cells activate

26
Q

Conduction Hearing Loss

A

We loose hearing due to a mechanical part of the ear being damaged

27
Q

Nerve Hearing Loss

A

the receptor cells start to deteriorate (hair cells)

28
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

Minimum amount of stimulus needed in order to send something 50% for the time

29
Q

Difference Threshold

A

Minimum stimulus needed to notice the difference between 2 things 50% of the time.

30
Q

Weber’s Law

A

When recognizing a difference there is a specific minimum percentage difference.

31
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Method of brain that helps make the stimuli make sense every day (body gets used to things)

32
Q

Touch

A

Skin Sensations
- pressure (receptor cells)
- temperature (nonspecific receptor cells)
- pain (nonspecific receptor cells)

33
Q

Pain

A

tells us the body us hurt, we need to stop and fix our body.

34
Q

Gate-Control Theory

A

Because pain is from the brain we can control it.

35
Q

Taste

A

Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umani

36
Q

Sensory Interaction

A
  • Different senses work together
37
Q

Body Position/Movement

A

Kinesthesis
Vestibular Sense

38
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Tells us where are limbs are

39
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

Sense of balance and where the body is positioned.

40
Q

Monocular Cues

A

Only need one eye

41
Q

Relative Height

A

We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as further away

42
Q

Relative Size

A

If we assume two objects are similar in size, and one of those object seems larger, we perceive it to be closer

43
Q

Relative Clarity

A

The coarser an object looks the farther away it is

44
Q

Interposition

A

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

45
Q

Relative Motion

A

As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move

46
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance

47
Q

Light and Shadow

A

Shading produces a sense of depth consistent with our assumption that light comes from above. Dimmer objects appear farther away because they reflect less light.

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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