Unit 1 - Cell Transport

Question 1

How does sweat get out of the sweat secreting cell?

Answer 1

This is an example of transport

Question 2

Passive cell

Answer 2

No cellular energy required

Question 3

Active cell

Answer 3

Cellular energy is required

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Small, non-polar uncharged substances. Moves from high concentration to low concentration

Decreases molecular size and polarity increases rate of transport

Question 5

Where do molecules always flow?

Answer 5

Down a concentration gradient

Question 6

Describe molecules in high concentration

Answer 6

There are more molecules disbursed throughout liquid

Question 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 7

Moves from high concentration to low concentration but using a channel/carrier protein

Increased number of channel/carrier proteins increases rate of transport

Question 8

If molecules are too large to transport across a cell membrane, what do you need?

Answer 8

A channel or carrier protein allowing the molecules to move from an area of high to low concentration

Example: Glucose molecule and glucose channels

Question 9

What is glucose stored as?

Answer 9

A large complex molecule called glycogen

Always in cells at low concentrations and in the blood at high concentrations

Question 10

What two tissues is glucose in?

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

They are closed here and open in other tissues

Question 11

What triggers the opening of a glucose molecule inside skeletal muscles and adipose tissues?

Answer 11

The hormone insulin

Secreted by the Islets if Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 12

What is the insulin process in the pancreas an example of?

Answer 12

Negative feedback mechanism of homeostasis

Lowering levels to return to normal

Question 13

Filtration

Answer 13

Movement of substances down a pressure gradient

How waste products are removed from the blood in the kidneys

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

Unassisted diffusion if water through membrane pores

Question 15

The higher the concentration in a compartment…

Answer 15

The lower the water concentration in the same compartment

The water moving generates a force called osmotic pressure

Question 16

Particle concentration

Answer 16

The amount of solute of dissolved substances un s particular compartment

Question 17

Molarity

Answer 17

Standard measurement if substrate concentration in s water filled fluid compartment

Aka Moles per liter

Question 18

Osmolarity

Answer 18

Number of particles per liter

Question 19

Calculation for osmolarity

Answer 19

Molarity Times the number of particles to which a solute dissociates in water

Question 20

Describe a water concentration

Answer 20

Water concentration is inversely proportional to solute concentration- if one’s high the other is lower

NH4CI turns to NH4+ and CI- in water

Question 21

Concentrated solutions have…

Answer 21

Less water and higher osmolarity

Question 22

Diluted solutions have…

Answer 22

Lower osmolarity and more water

Question 23

ECF

Answer 23

In the body the solution is the extracellular fluid (ECF) outside all cells

Question 24

ICF

Answer 24

Homeostasis of the ECF tonicity is important to match the osmolarity of the intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 25

Isotonic Solution

Answer 25

The tonicity of the ECF snd ICF is equal There is no net movement of water vis osmosis across the cell membrane Ex: Saline solution (intravenously has no interruption of homeostasis

Question 26

Tonicity

Answer 26

Osmolarity of non penetrating solute

Question 27

Hypertonic solution

Answer 27

The tonicity of the ECF is greater than the tonicity of the ICF Less water concentration in ECF This would cause osmosis of water out if cells Ex: Salt Water

Question 28

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 28

The tonicity of the ECF is less than the tonicity of the ICF water concentration in the ECF is greater Osmosis of water into cells possibly causing them to burst Ex: Pure Water

Question 29

Active transport

Answer 29

Can move substances from an area of low to high concentration; up/against a concentration gradient; energy ATP requirement

Question 30

Facilitated Active Transport

Answer 30

Via a pump/carrier protein From low concentration to higher Ex: Sodium-potassium pump

Question 31

Bulk Transport

Answer 31

Large cells The movement of molecules into and out of the cell that are too large for any other mechanism, requiring cellular energy expenditure

Question 32

Exocytosis

Answer 32

The process where substances are moved from the cell interior to the extracellular space

Question 33

Vesicles

Answer 33

Membrane sac They migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it and then rupture, spilling their contents into the extracellular fluid

Question 34

Endocytosis

Answer 34

Into cell Two types: Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Question 35

Phagocytosis

Answer 35

Cell eating Large undissolved materials are engulfed by the plasma membrane forming a phagosome

Question 36

Pinocytosis

Answer 36

Cell drinking Dissolved particles within extracellular fluid are surrounded by the plasma membrane

Question 37

If a red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration than what is inside the cell, what happens to the cell?

Answer 37

Osmosis of the water out if the cell (crenate)

Question 38

Osmolarity of hypotonic

Answer 38

Less than .30

Question 39

Osmolarity of hypertonic

Answer 39

Greater than .30