Unit 1 - Intro

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

Toward the front

Ex: The heart is anterior to the spine

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

Toward the back

Spine is posterior to the heart

Question 3

Superior

Answer 3

Toward the head - Along the vertical axis

The eyes are superior to the nose

Question 4

Inferior

Answer 4

Away from the head

The nose is inferior to the eyes

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Toward the midline - along the horizontal axis

Nose is medial to the ear

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Away from the midline on the horizontal axis (towards the sides)

The ear is lateral to the nose

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Toward the origin or attachment

The elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Away from the origin/attachment

The wrist is distal to the elbow

Question 9

Superficial

Answer 9

Toward the surface

The skin is superficial to the muscle

Question 10

Deep

Answer 10

Away from the surface

Muscles are deep to the skin

Question 11

Dorsum

Answer 11

The back of any body part Protruding anteriorly from the body (back of hand)

Protruding body parts: Hands, tongue, feet, penis

Question 12

Palmar

Answer 12

Anterior surface of the hand

Handprints and fingerprints on the palmar surface

Question 13

Plantar

Answer 13

Sole of the foot (inferior surface)

Question 14

Bilateral

Answer 14

Both right and left sides of the body

Pair - Kidneys, eyes, ears etc.

Question 15

Unilateral

Answer 15

Only one side

Spleen, gallbladder, appendix…

Question 16

Ipsilateral

Answer 16

Found on the same side of the body

Right lung and kidney
Left hand and left foot

Question 17

Contralateral

Answer 17

Found on opposite sides

Ex: Left hand and right foot

Question 18

What percentage of the body is water?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

Intracellular

Answer 19

Fluid within a cell bounded by cell membrane

Question 20

Extracellular

Answer 20

Fluid outside the cell membrane

Question 21

Two sub-compartments of extracellular fluid

Answer 21

Interstitial fluid - between cells (outside the membrane and blood vessel wall)

Blood plasma - Within blood vessels (within the bloodstream contained within the walls of the blood vessels)

Question 22

Cut on the frontal plan (coronal)

Answer 22

Split by anterior and posterior (front and back of body)

Ex: x-rays of the chest

Question 23

Cut on the Sagittal plane

Median

Answer 23

Two halves (left and right)

Median means two equal halves

Ex: Radiograph

Question 24

Cut on the Horizontal or transverse plane

Answer 24

Divided from top to bottom or cross section (superior and inferior sections)

Ex: CAT Scan of the head

Question 25

Words used interchangeably with Anterior and Posterior

Answer 25

Ventral and Dorsal

Question 26

Posterior Cavity

Answer 26

Also called Dorsal Cavity - Back of body Contains two divisions (cranial and vertebral)

Question 27

Cranial Cavity

Answer 27

Part of larger Dorsal or Posterior cavity Brain/Skull

Question 28

Vertebral cavity

Answer 28

Part of larger Dorsal/Posterior cavity Spinal Chord/Vertebral bones

Question 29

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 29

Towards the front of the body Contains Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 30

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 30

Chest (superior to diaphragm) 1. Left pleural 2. Mediastinal 3. Right pleural

Question 31

Left Pleural Cavity

Answer 31

In thoracic cavity Left Lung

Question 32

Mediastinal Cavity

Answer 32

Within the thoracic cavity Contains esophagus, trachea and large vessels Also contains Pericardial Cavity (heart)

Question 33

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 33

Within the Mediastinal cavity that is within the thoracic cavity that is within the Ventral Cavity Contains the Heart

Question 34

Right pleural cavity

Answer 34

Contains right lung

Question 35

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 35

Upper body (inferior to the diaphragm) Contains abdominal and pelvic cavity

Question 36

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 36

Contains organs in the belly (stomach, spleen, pancreas and intestines) Can be divided into four quadrants (drawn opposite on diagram for easier reference to body)

Question 37

Right upper quadrant of abdominal cavity

Answer 37

Contains liver, pancreas and gallbladder

Question 38

Left upper quadrant of abdominal cavity

Answer 38

Contains stomach, spleen and part of pancreas

Question 39

Contained in both upper quadrants of abdominal cavity

Answer 39

Pancreas

Question 40

Right lower quadrant of abdominal cavity

Answer 40

Contains cecum, appendix, part of intestine and ascending colon

Question 41

The left lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity

Answer 41

Contains the descending & sigmoid colon and distal large intestine

Question 42

Contained in all four quadrants of abdominal cavity

Answer 42

Small and large intestines Large intestines surround the small intestines like a picture frame

Question 43

Pelvic cavity inside abdominal cavity

Answer 43

Reproductive, urinary (not kidneys though) and terminal digestive tract below abdominal cavity Also, sigmund colon, rectum, anus, bladder snd uretha

Question 44

Homeostasis

Answer 44

Normal function Equilibrium or balance Involves organs and nervous system and endocrine system

Question 45

Negative feedback in physiology

Answer 45

Control mechanism Decreases or shuts off stimulus (to get back to homeostasis) Ex: Temperature regulation

Question 46

Sensory Receptor

Answer 46

Monitors internal environment and responds to changes Detects stimulus : change in external environment causing internal changes

Question 47

Control Center

Answer 47

Analyzes the information received snd determines a response Get to a normal set point

Question 48

Effector

Answer 48

Provides means for regulatory center’s response Pathway relays messages from the regulatory center to the effector

Question 49

Positive feedback

Answer 49

Accelerate a stimulus Keeps moving away from normal

Question 50

What is the mechanism of homeostasis?

Answer 50

Negative feedback (moves things back to normal)

Question 51

What does the control center contain?

Answer 51

Contains the set point for the variable

Question 52

What does the receptor do?

Answer 52

Detects the variable

Question 53

What does the effector do?

Answer 53

Responds to bring the variable back to homeostatic levels