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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 1 - Tissues > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Tissues Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Atomic level

A

Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still maintains the property

Ex: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

Molecular level

A

Atoms combine to form molecules that have a separate property

Ex: Water, DNA and carbohydrates

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3
Q

Cellular level

A

Smallest unit of life, perform specific functions

Ex: Muscle cell, skin cell and neuron

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4
Q

Tissue level

A

Groups if cells with similar functions

Ex: Muscle, epithelial and connective

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5
Q

Organ level

A

Two or more types of tissues that work together to complete a specific task

Ex: Heart, liver, stomach

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6
Q

Organ system level

A

Group of organs that carries out mire generalized functions

Ex: Digestive system, circulatory system

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7
Q

Organism level

A

Has several organ systems that function together

Ex: Human

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8
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of similar cells

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9
Q

Four types of tissues

A

Epithelium: covering or lining
Muscle: support
Connective: movement
Nervous: control

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10
Q

Epithelial tissues

A
  • Covers the body surface and lines inner body cavities
  • Protection, absorption, filtration and secretion
  • Avascular, highly regenerative
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11
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Binds organs together, support and protection
  • most abundant tissue type
  • Cells are separated by non-cellular matrix and fibers
  • produces blood cells
  • Stores fat
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12
Q

Muscle tissues

A

Skeletal- cylindrical , helps us move

Cardiac- In the heart

Smooth- No striations - involuntarily contractions

Produces body heat

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13
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Neurons and supporting cells

Stimulates muscles to move, glands to secrete snd carries impulses to and from organ systems

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14
Q

Epithelial terms that refer to number of cels

A

Simple- Single layer of cells and do filtration and absorption
Stratified- Two or more cell layers for protection
Pseudo stratified- Looks like there are many cell layers but it is really only one layer that vary in height

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15
Q

Epithelial terms that refer to shape

A

Squamous- Flat or shingle like
Cuboidal- cube shaped
Columnar- rectangular

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16
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer flat cells

alveoli of lungs, lining blood vessels. Functions in diffusion and secretes serous fluid

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17
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Single layer cubed shape

  • Lining of kidney tubules and in some glands
  • Absorption, secretion and mucus production
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18
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Single layer and rectangular

  • lining of GI tract
  • absorption and secretion and mucus production
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19
Q

Pseudo stratified Columnar

A

Single layer and cells that vary in height

  • lining of respiratory tract
  • Secrete and propel mucus. It has cilia
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20
Q

Stratified Squamous - Nonkeratinized and keratinized)

A

Keratinized - Many layers of flat cells. Epidermis of skin cells

Nonkeratinized- Many layers of flat cells, found in moist lining of mouth, esophagus and vagina

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21
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Two layers if cube shaped cells, in ducts of sweat glands

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22
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Several layers of rectangular shaped cells, in some areas of male urethra

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23
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Type of epithelium
Many layers and vary in appearance
Lining of urethra and urinary bladder

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24
Q

Common origin of connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme in the embryo and has few cells

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25
Describe epithelial tissue
Very cellular
26
Describe extracellular matrix
Consists of fibers and a fluid or gel Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse between the cells Fibers include collagen, elastic fibers and reticular fibers
27
Areolar connective tissue
Loose arrangement of fibers and cells in a large amount of ground substance Epithelial tissue and between muscles and under the skin
28
Reticular tissue
Loose network of reticular fibers and cells Found in the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus and bone marrow Forms supportive framework (stroma)
29
Adipose tissue
``` In hypodermis Fat tissue Contains adipocytes, full of fat Very cellular Found in subcutaneous tissue in breasts, around kidneys and behind the eyes ```
30
Dense connective tissue
Made up mainly of fibers
31
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Made of collagen fibers, densely packed and run parallel to each other Cells are fibroblasts Ex: Tendons and ligaments
32
Dense irregular connective tissue
Made up of collagen fibers that are densely pack but randomly arranged Withstand stress Ex: Dermis of skin and capsules around organs
33
Elastic connective tissue
Made of elastic fibers plus some collagen fibers Strength and flexibility Ex: Aorta and ligaments between vertebrae
34
Cartilage
Firm matrix and is tough and flexible Does nit have nerves or blood vessels Cells are chondrocytes and they sit in cavities called lacuna
35
Hyaline Cartilage
Collagen fibers Bluish white Found at the end of long bones, tip of the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and in the embryonic skeleton
36
Elastic cartilage
Collagen and elastic fibers Found where you need strength and stretch Ex: External ear and epiglottis
37
Fibrocartilage
Strongest cartilage Resists compression and absorbs stress Found in pubic symphysis, meniscus of the knee snd intervertebral discs
38
Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Contains hard matrix (collagen fibers and Ca++) Cells are osteoblasts and osteocytes It is very well vascularized
39
Blood (Vascular tissue)
The matrix is the plasma of the blood and it contains fibers which are clotting proteins Cells are called formed elements Functions in transport (of red and white blood cells)
40
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
41
Leukocytes
White blood cells
42
Muscle tissue - Skeletal Muscles
Voluntary control muscle Striated Attached by tendons to bone Cells are long and cylandrical Ex: gluteus Maximus, biceps brachii and deltoid
43
Smooth (visceral) muscle
Involuntary action muscle Does not have striations Found in walls of digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts, blood vessels, the uterus and other organs Contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle Cells are long and tapered
44
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the walls of the hearts Striations but is involuntary Cells are branched and join each other at intercalated disks
45
Nervous tissue
Found in the brain and spinal cord and the nerves
46
Cell types in the nervous tissue
Contains cells called neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (supporting cells) Cell body, called axon and dendrites The axons extend away from the cell body and transmit the nerve message
47
What is the function of the nervous system?
Functions in communication and control
48
Stratum basale layer
Deepest layer if the five layers if the epidermis
49
Stratum corneum layer
Primary barrier from outside environment (near the surface)
50
Dermis layer
Thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis Has all blood capillaries, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles...
51
Epidermis layer
Surface epithelium of skin, overlying the dermis
52
Papillary layer of skin
Superficial layer if dermis on the inner surface of the epidermis
53
Meissner’s Corpuscle in skin
In papillary layer A sensory nerve ending that is sensitive to mechanical stimuli (in the dermis) Soft touch (feather)
54
Free nerve ending in skin
Bare nerve ending that sends signals to sensory neurons
55
Reticular layer in skin
Thick bottom layer of dermis | Collagen fibers give strength and resilience to skin
56
Pacinian corpuscle of skin
In reticular layer Encapsulated ending of a sensory nerve that acts as a receptor for pressure and vibration Deep or hard pressure
57
Sebaceous gland in skin
Small gland that secretes lubricating oily matter into hair follicles
58
Sweat gland
Secretes sweat, in the dermis of skin, simple coiled tubular structure
59
Sweat duct in skin
Stimulated by high temperatures. Sweat builds up and ruptures duct and pushed out if epidermis
60
Sweat pore in skin
Where sweat pushes out of after sweat duct builds pressure and ruptures
61
Name parts of hair
``` Root Shaft Hair follicle Hair bulb Hair papilla Arrector pili muscle (helps generate heat) ```
62
Hypodermis layer
Not part of skin Subcutaneous layer of integument Connects skin to underlying fibrous tissue of the bones snd muscles
63
Bare nerve endings
Located in papillary layer Pain receptors

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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