Unit 1 - Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the integumentary system?

Answer 1

Made up of skin and its derivatives (sweat, oil glands, skin and nails)

Body’s largest organ

Question 2

What are the five parts of the integumentary system

Answer 2

Protection
Water regulation 
Vitamin D synthesis 
Sensory organ
Body temperature regulation

Question 3

3 layers of the skin

Answer 3

Epidermis and dermis

Also the hypodermis (deep to the skin)

Question 4

Define epidermis

Answer 4

The outermost layer of skin comprised of epithelial cells

Protective shield and is a vascular

Question 5

Define dermis

Answer 5

Deep to the epidermis
Composed of fibrous connective tissue and is well vascularized
Blood vessels and many other structures here

Question 6

Define hypodermis

Answer 6

Deep to the dermis
Also called subcutaneous layer
Adipose and some areolar or loose connective tissue
Blood vessels and sensory nerves are located here

Question 7

Define Keratinocytes

Answer 7

Cell of epidermis

• Makes keratin a water proofing protective layer
• epidermis continually flakes off and is replaced

Question 8

Define Melanocytes

Answer 8

Cell of epidermis

• Epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment called melanin
• These cells are found in the Stratum Basale
• The more melanin and type determines color

Question 9

Five layers of Epidermis from deepest to most superficial

Answer 9

Stratum Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum 

BSGLC

Question 10

Stratum Basale

Answer 10

Deepest layer

Regenerates the skin

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

Layer of prickly cells

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

Grainy cell layer filled with keratin granules

Keratin is for strength and waterproofing

Question 13

Stratum lucidum

Answer 13

Clear cell layer only present in thick skin found on palms and soles of feet

Question 14

Stratum corneum

Answer 14

Horny layer composed if squamous dead cells
Soft keratin that makes skin elastic
Protects against ultraviolet light and abrasion

Question 15

Cutaneous blood vessels

Answer 15

Deliver oxygen snd nutrients to tissues while transporting carbon dioxide and wastes from tissues

Question 16

Four parts of hypodermis

Answer 16

Cutaneous blood vessels
Sensory nerves
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue

Question 17

Hair root

Answer 17

Below the skin surface

Question 18

Shaft of hair

Answer 18

Part visible above the surface of the skin

Question 19

Hair follicle

Answer 19

Extends from the epidermal Into the dermis

Hair grows out of fillicle

Question 20

Hair bulbs

Answer 20

Actively produces the hair

Question 21

Root hair plexus

Answer 21

Sensory nerve endings (touch sensitive)

Question 22

Dermal papilla of hair

Answer 22

Blood vessels provide nutrients needed to produce hair

Question 23

Arrector pili muscle of hair

Answer 23

Bundle of smooth muscle cells

Produces goose bumps

Question 24

Six parts of nail

Answer 24

Free edge
Body
Root
Lateral nail fold
Lunula
Cuticle

Question 25

Free edge of nail

Answer 25

Formed from stratum lucidum and hangs over finger tip

Question 26

Body of nail

Answer 26

Visible part of nail

Question 27

Root of nail

Answer 27

Base from which the nail grows

Question 28

Lateral nail fold

Answer 28

Extension of the skin to protect matrix on either side of nail

Question 29

Lunula of nail

Answer 29

Whitish half moon shaped portion Germinal epithelium makes this part thicker

Question 30

Cuticle of nail

Answer 30

Protects nail and root Formed from stratum corneum

Question 31

Sweat glands

Answer 31

Two types: Eccrine: simple, coiled, tubular glands Apocrine: Ducts from these glands open into hair follicles

Question 32

Modified sweat gland

Answer 32

Ceruminous glands Cleans ear canal (wax)

Question 33

Sebaceous glands

Answer 33

Oil glands (sebum)

Question 34

Mammary glands

Answer 34

On the breasts Creates milk

Question 35

Mucous Membrane

Answer 35

Lines respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems Goblet cells embedded in membrane secrete mucus

Question 36

Serous membrane

Answer 36

Double layered membrane covering the organs and mining the walls of the ventral cavity Reduces friction between organs Pericardium, peritoneum and pleura

Question 37

Synovial membranes

Answer 37

Line freely moveable diarthrotic joints of the extremities Reduces friction between bones

Question 38

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 38

This is the skin

Question 39

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 39

Smooth surface with ulceration in the center Most frequent kind of skin cancer Grows slowly Small white pink lesions

Question 40

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 40

Nodular and keratinized tumor Second most common form of skin cancer From high exposure to sunlight Moderate rate growth

Question 41

Malignant melanoma

Answer 41

Grows quickly Most serious form of skin cancer Heavy doses of UV radiation

Question 42

ABCD rule for skin cancer signs and severity

Answer 42

Asymmetrical Border Color Diameter

Question 43

First degree burns

Answer 43

Superficial burn that causes redness swelling but no blisters (epidermis)

Question 44

Second degree burn

Answer 44

Partial thickness Damage to epidermis and part of dermal layer With blisters also

Question 45

Third degree burn

Answer 45

Full thickness Destruction of both layers of skin Sensory receptors have been destroyed Extensive scarring

Question 46

When are burns considered critical?

Answer 46

25% of body has second degree burns Or 10% has third degree burns

Question 47

Acne vulgaris

Answer 47

Acne Oily skin in adolescence can cause this

Question 48

Alopecia

Answer 48

Hair loss | Can cause baldness

Question 49

Cellulitis

Answer 49

Hot painful and red Usually cause from spreading bacteria

Question 50

Comedos

Answer 50

Blackheads Excess sebum and keratin

Question 51

Dermatitis

Answer 51

Allergy related Some redness lesions and thick sections

Question 52

Eczema

Answer 52

Chronic skin disorder similar to dermatitis

Question 53

Folliculitis

Answer 53

Fungal and viral infection Very itchy

Question 54

Lentigos

Answer 54

Pigmented spots

Question 55

Psoriasis

Answer 55

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder Excess epidernal cells

Question 56

Rosacea

Answer 56

Chronic skin condition involving redness of the face