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Anatomy/Physiology I > Unit 2 - Muscular System > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Muscular System Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Function of muscular system

A 
Support
Stabilization
Protection
Movement 
Regulate body temp
Contraction assists in movement within the lymphatic system
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2
Q

What are muscles made up of?

A

Cells called Fibers

Tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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4
Q

What is myglobin

A

Stores oxygen in muscle fiber cells

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5
Q

What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Stores Ca++

Stored in the terminal cisternae

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6
Q

Myofibrils

A

Protein fibers within muscle cell

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7
Q

Sarcomere

A

Repeating structural and functional unit

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8
Q

Actin

A

Thin protein filament composing I band
Contains tropomyosin and troponin
Calcium binds to troponin and causes troponin to change shape

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9
Q

Myosin

A

Thick protein filament composing A band

Forms cross bridges

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10
Q

What is the sarcomere made up of?

A

Alternating light and dark bands called I and A bands

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11
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Muscles get shorter and pull on bone

H zone disappears when contracted

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12
Q

Describe contraction

A
  • Action potential gets to axonal terminal
  • Ca++ enters axonal
  • Causes release of acetylcholine
  • then binds to receptors
  • Na+ channels open
  • Action occurs on sarcolemma muscle
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13
Q

Twitch

A

Single stimulus and contraction

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14
Q

Summation

A

Increased muscle tension due to increased stimulus frequency

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15
Q

Recruitment

A

Increased muscle tension due to increased number of motor units

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16
Q

Tetanus

A

Maximum muscle tension due to large stimulation

Sustained contraction

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17
Q

Lag phase

A

Occurs just after the action potential reaches sarcolemma

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18
Q

Contraction phase

A

Occurs when the actin and myosin bind and the sarcomere shortens and pulls the Z discs toward the M line

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19
Q

Relaxation phase

A

The actin and myosin complex releases and the calcium is actively transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Isometric contractions

A

The length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases during contraction

Think holding a position under tension

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21
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Length and tension during contraction does not change

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22
Q

Concentric phase

A

Tension increases as the muscle shortens

Bicep curl

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23
Q

Eccentric phase

A

Maintain tension but muscle lengthens

Lowering ten pound dumbbell

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24
Q

Type I muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch - more myoglobin

Oxidative/aerobic respiration

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25
Type IIa muscle fibers
Fast twitch Both aerobic and anaerobic Mostly in lower limbs
26
Type IIb muscle fibers
Fast twitch - Respond quickly to stimulus Mostly in upper limbs Anaerobic
27
ATP
Cells form of energy and is needed for contraction to energize the cross bridges
28
Creatine phosphate
Can give a phosphate group to ADP to creat ATP | Cab only do it for a few secs at a time
29
Aerobic metabolism
Make ATP using oxygen | In mitochondria and yields 36 ATP per molecule of glucose
30
Anaerobic metabolism
Can make ATP quickly but is inefficient | Used during a 50 meter dash
31
Oxygen debt
Occurs during anaerobic metabolism | Need oxygen to oxidize lactic acid build up
32
Muscle fatigue
Eventually muscle cells run out of ATP No sources of stored oxygen Muscle returns to relaxed configuration
33
Muscles never....
Push they pull
34
Muscles are attached to bone via...
Tendons
35
Origin
Muscle attachment vis tendon to a relatively immovable body part
36
Insertion
Muscle attachment via tendon to a relatively moveable body part
37
Agonist
Prime mover | Provide major force to move body part
38
Antagonist
Opposite direction of prime mover
39
Synergists
Assists prime mover
40
Fixators
Keeps origin stationary
41
Occipitofrontalis
Covers forehead | Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
42
Orbicularis oris
Circular muscle around the mouth Pursing of lips and kissing
43
Orbicularis oculi
Circular muscle around each eye Squinting snd blinking
44
Zygomaticus
Cheek to corners of mouth Smiling
45
Platysma
from deltoid and pectoralis major and inserts in the skin Tenses skin of neck and depresses the mandible Under jaw near neck (double chin area)
46
Buccinator
Originates at the mandible and maxilla and inserts at the orbicularis oris Sucking and flattening of cheeks
47
Masseter
Elevates the mandible
48
Temporalis
Fan shaped muscle originating from the lateral skull | Helps retract jaw and keep mouth closed during rest
49
Sternocleidomastoid
V shaped muscle originating from sternum behind ear Moves/flexes head side to side and rotates it
50
Muscles that help with swallowing and speech
Suprahyoid muscles depresses mandible | Infrahyoid muscles- Elevate larynx during swallowing
51
Pectoralis major
Fab shaped muscle covering the upper and anterior thorax Climbing throwing pushing
52
Pectoralis minor
Originates on the third to fifth rib | Elevates ribs
53
External intercostals
Inferior margin of each rib and insert into the superior border of the next rib below
54
Internal intercostals
Superior margin of each rib and inserts on the inferior birder of the next rub Used during forced expiration
55
Serrates anterior
On the first 8-9 ribs and attaches to medial border of scapula
56
Linea alba
Whiteboine of connective tissue that runs in a sagittal plane in center of rectus abdominis
57
Tendinous intersections
Transects rectus abdominis at 3 or more locations Six pack
58
Muscles part of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor All in the back shoulder area
59
Spinalis
Extends the neck
60
Flexes the trunk
Rectus abdominis
61
Elevates the mandible for chewing
Masseter
62
Coracobrachalis
Adducts the arm and flexes the shoulder
63
Brachialis
Flexes elbow
64
Deltoid
Abducts and rotates the upper arm
65
Biceps brachii
Flexes forearm
66
Triceps brachii
Extends forearm
67
Pronator teres
Pronates forearm and hand
68
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexes and abducts wrist
69
Palmaris longus
Works to flex the wrist
70
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts the wrist
71
Extensor carpi radialis
Extends and abducts wrist
72
Extensor digitorium
Extends fingers snd wrists
73
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends and adducts wrist
74
Flexor vs Extensir
Flexor - anterior surface of wrist | Extensor- posterior surface of the wrist
75
Quadriceps femoris
Extends lower leg at the knee
76
Biceps femoris
Lateral muscle of the posterior thigh Flexes lower leg
77
Muscular dystrophy
- Genetic defect - Includes duchennes and myotonic - Curve in spine and belly sticks out - Muscles lose function
78
Fibromyalgia
Generalized pain from muscles associated with connective tissues Fatigue, headache and lack of sleep
79
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness Muscle and facial expressions are effected
80
Torticollis
Weyneck | Twisting of neck to one side

Anatomy/Physiology I (11 decks)

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