Unit 10 : Social Psychology Modules 74-80

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

Study of how people are influenced and relate to one another, less focus on self, and behavior is shaped by situations

Question 2

Attribution theory

Answer 2

Explain someone’s behavior by crediting the situation or the persons despositions

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

Analyzing other and underestimating the impact of the situation and overestimating the impact if personal disposition
->impact our attitudes and how we treat them

Question 4

Dispositional attribution

Answer 4

Explains behavior as a result of their personality/personal disposition

Question 5

Situational attribution

Answer 5

Behavior influenced by situations,

-> with our selves we see the situation of behavior, but not with others

Question 6

Self serving bias

Answer 6

Tend to see ourselves favorably

Question 7

Peripheral route

Answer 7

Influenced by incidental, outside factors; celebrity endorsement (fast results)

Question 8

Central route

Answer 8

Persuade using thoughts, evidence, arguments, challenge human thinking (more durable)

Question 9

Foot-in-the-door

Answer 9

Tendency for people to agree to bigger requests after first agreeing to smaller requests

Question 10

Door-in-the-face

Answer 10

Start off with mega risk request to soften the request that you initially want to ask.

Question 11

Role playing

Answer 11

Philip Zimbardos and Stanford Prison Experiment

• > participants assigned to roles. : prisoner or guard
• > the more they act like the role, the more they adopted the attitudes of the role

Question 12

Role

Answer 12

Set of norms and expectations about a position

Question 13

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

Leon Fetinger

• > sometimes actions and attitudes do not match which causes discomfort
• > in order to reduce discomfort, change attitudes / our actions

Ex : best friend-views them as “good” —> “good” person does something you view as morally wrong
-> change attitude towards the person or change moral views

Question 14

Chameleon effect

Answer 14

Humans unconsciously imitate others expressions, posture, and voice tone

Question 15

Conformity study

Answer 15

Solomon Asch
Experiment with lines
Going against a group/social norm-discomfort-feel pressure to conform

More likely to conform when
a group is in unison
Feel insecure
Admire group
Group is at least 3 people or more
Know we are being observed
No prior commitment to an answer

Question 16

Normative social influence

Answer 16

Conform to gain approval or avoid rejection/disapproval

Question 17

Informative social influence

Answer 17

Conform due to willingness to accept another’s truth

Question 18

Obedience Study

Answer 18

Stanley Milgram

• > inspired by WW2 and Nazi and how they were obedient even during Holocaust
• > experiment included teachers (shockers) and students (shocked) if wrong answers were given the student would get a shock and the voltage would increase

Obedience is more likely when

• > person giving orders is an authority figure
• > supported by prestigious institutions
• > victim is depersonalized / at a distance
• > no role models for defiance

Question 19

Social facilitation

Answer 19

Improved performance on a simple / well-learned tasks in the presence of others, but more difficult tasks seem impossible (arouses)

Question 20

Social loafing

Answer 20

People put in less effort when putting efforts together than when individually responsible (diminishes)

Question 21

Deindividualism

Answer 21

Loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in. Group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 22

Group polarization

Answer 22

Arguments become more intense during discussion throughout the group

Question 23

Groupthink

Answer 23

desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternative thinking

Question 24

Social control

Answer 24

Power of the situation

Question 25

Personal control

Answer 25

Control of the individual

Question 26

Minority influence

Answer 26

Power of one or two individuals that can sway majorities if they are firm

Question 27

Culture

Answer 27

Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 28

Norm

Answer 28

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 29

Prejudice

Answer 29

Unjustifiable and negative attitude toward a group. Includes stereotypes, negative feelings, and discrimination

Question 30

Stereotype

Answer 30

Generalized beliefs about a group of people

Question 31

Enthnocentrism

Answer 31

Assuming the superiority of ones ethnic group

Question 32

Discrimination

Answer 32

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it’s members

Question 33

Just world phenomenon

Answer 33

People believe the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 34

Social identities

Answer 34

Definition of who we are in terms of our groups

Question 35

Ingroup

Answer 35

“Us”- people with whom we share a common identity

Question 36

Outgroup

Answer 36

“Then”- those perceived as different and apart from our ingroup

Question 37

Ingroup bias

Answer 37

Tendency to favor our group over the other group

Question 38

Scapegoat theory

Answer 38

Prejudice offers outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 39

Other race effect

Answer 39

Recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races

Question 40

Aggression

Answer 40

Any physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 41

Frustration-aggression principle

Answer 41

Frustration due to the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal which creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Question 42

Aggressive replacement program

Answer 42

Help diminish aggressiveness with better reinforcement

Question 43

Social script

Answer 43

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 44

Proximity

Answer 44

Geographic nearness

Question 45

Mere exposure effect

Answer 45

Reappeared exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 46

Reward theory of attraction

Answer 46

We like those who’s behavior is rewarding to us and continue relationships that offer more benefits to us than costs

Question 47

Passionate love

Answer 47

Aroused state of intense dopamine levels at the start of a love relationship

Question 48

Two factor theory in emotions

Answer 48

Emotions require physical arousal and cognitive appraisal. Arousal from anywhere can enhance these emotions depending oh how we would label and interpret them.

Question 49

Companionate love

Answer 49

Deep affection attachment we feel for those who are in our life, oxytocin

Question 50

Equity

Answer 50

Condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give

Question 51

Self disclosure

Answer 51

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 52

Altruism

Answer 52

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 53

Bystander effect

Answer 53

Bystanders are less likely to help if other bystanders are present

Question 54

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 54

Sharing of responsibility makes every single person become less likely to help

Question 55

Cost benefit analysis

Answer 55

Maximize rewards, and minimize cost

Question 56

Reciprocity norm

Answer 56

Expectation that people will help those who have helped them

Question 57

Social exchange theory

Answer 57

Social behavior that aims to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 58

Social responsibility norm

Answer 58

Expecting that people will help those needing their help

Question 59

Conflict

Answer 59

Perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 60

Social trap

Answer 60

People pursue self-interest rather than the good of the group

Question 61

Mirror image perception

Answer 61

Mutual views held by conflicting people, each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful, while the other is evil and aggressive

Question 62

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 62

Belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 63

Superordinate goals

Answer 63

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Question 64

GRIT

Answer 64

Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction; strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Question 65

Overt prejudice

Answer 65

Outwardly, and verbal expression, lower in #

Question 66

Subtle prejudice

Answer 66

Internal, automatic preferences, higher in #

Question 67

Blame-the victim dynamic

Answer 67

Caused by the just-world phenomenon